CO2 emission level as a criterion in modern transport ship design

From 2013 onwards Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships has been in force. The EEDI value for a given ship is calculated according to a standard formula and compared against a ship specific standard by means of a so called reference line which will be gradually changing (decreasing) in subse-quent years. The article presents possible ways of increasing ship propulsion efficiency in order to de-crease ship propulsion power, EEDI value and CO2 levels.

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Influence of EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) on Ship–Engine–Propeller Matching

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse7120425 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 425 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ren ◽

Ding ◽

Sui

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Matching Theory ◽

Matching Process ◽

Marine Diesel ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

With the increasingly strict international GHG (greenhouse gas) emission regulations, higher requirements are placed on the propulsion system design of conventional ships. Playing an important role in ship design, construction and operation, ship–engine–propeller matching dominantly covers the CO2 emission of the entire ship. In this paper, firstly, a ship propulsion system matching platform based on the ship–engine–propeller matching principle and its application on WinGD 5 × 52 marine diesel engine have been investigated. Meeting the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) regulation used to calculate the ship CO2 emission is essential and ship–engine–propeller matching has to be carried out with EEDI into consideration. Consequently, a procedure is developed combining the system matching theory and EEDI calculation, which can provide the matching results as well as the corresponding EEDI value to study the relationship between EEDI and ship–engine–propeller matching. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the relationship of EEDI and system matching parameters, such as ship speed, effective power and propeller diameter, reflecting the trend and extent of EEDI when changing these three parameters. The results of system matching parameters satisfying different EEDI phases indicate the initial value selection in matching process to provide reference for the design of ship, engine and propeller under the EEDI regulations.

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Advances in Conceptual Ship Design Accounting for the Risk of Environmental Pollution

ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA BULGARIA ◽

10.29114/ajtuv.vol5.iss1.227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 25-41

Author(s):

Yordan Garbatov ◽

Petar Georgiev Georgiev

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Optimal Design ◽

Service Life ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Ship Design ◽

Design Solutions ◽

Input Variables ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index

The present paper provides a thorough analysis of the prerequisites in adopting a new paradigm in the conceptual ship design accounting for the environmental pollution driven by maritime transportations. A survey of presently issued IMO environmental requirements outlines the framework within ship design solutions. Identified and carefully examined are several competing optimal design solutions, based on the energy efficiency design index introduced for shipbuilding, operation cost, and the resale costs at the end of the service life, which are used as input variables in a risk-based analysis. Reviewed are the immediate steps taken in the risk-based conceptual ship design to minimise the risk of environmental pollution while considering the life cycle assessment and energy efficiency of the ship propulsion system. Brought forth in the current paper are the results of a study into the concept design of series of containerships operating in the Black Sea for transporting 20, 40 and 45-foot containers aimed at identifying the main dimensions, capacity, visibility, freeboard, stability, bow, and stern design, propulsion complex and propeller design, control and manoeuvrability, seakeeping, energy efficiency design index, capital, and operational expenditures, that leads to the required fright rate for the ships in the range of 4,000 to 14,000 DWT. Accordingly, a bulk carrier’s risk-based concept ship design methodology is employed for the ship life cycle assessment and energy efficiency in pursuance of the optimal design solution in reference to the energy efficiency design index as most applicable to shipbuilding, operation, and resale costs at the end of the service life, and used as input variables in the risk estimate.

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Modification of the EEDI for Ro-ro Passenger Ships

10.5957/wmtc-2015-053 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ivica Ancic ◽

Ante Šestan ◽

Nikola Vladimir

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Design Criteria ◽

Reference Surface ◽

Propulsion Systems ◽

New Approach ◽

Hybrid Propulsion ◽

Passenger Ships ◽

Fair Comparison ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index

In the 3rd IMO GHG study the new data on the ships emissions indicate a clear need for improvements in ship energy efficiency in order to preserve the environment. Although the majority of the pollution originates from the international shipping, the environmental impact of the short-sea shipping, primarily from ro-ro passenger ships, should not be neglected. The pollution originating from these ships is especially pernicious for public health since they operate in and near ports and highly populated areas. The newest amendments to MARPOL Annex VI introduce the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). The EEDI should be a measure of ships energy efficiency, but its application is limited since it may not be applied to ships with diesel-electric or hybrid propulsion systems. Also the EEDI seems not to be feasible for the regulation of energy efficiency for ro-ro passenger ships because their design criteria vary too much. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to the EEDI definition for ro-ro passenger ships. It introduces the Reference surface as the function of ships capacity and speed instead of the Reference line. It also expands the attained EEDI calculation to different loads trying to give a clearer view of the ships CO2 emission. This modified EEDI would then allow a fair comparison between different ro-ro passenger ships.

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Boosting Ship Efficiency

10.5957/smc-2010-t32 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Oskar Levander

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Power Demand ◽

Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Propulsion Power

Ship efficiency has become an increasingly important subject for ship designers and owners. Both the predicted high cost of fuel in the future and the need to reduce emissions is driving this strive for improved efficiency. IMO is also seeking measures to reduce the CO2 emissions from ships and their proposed Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) aims at ensuring that future vessels will be more efficient. Two ship concepts, a large RoRo vessel and a Cruise ferry, have been developed to highlight different technologies that can be used to improve efficiency. The designs show that the power demand can be reduced significantly with already basic naval architecture methods. Optimization of main dimensions for life cycle cost rather than building cost alone can give large savings. Also new propulsion concepts, such as triple shaft lines or Wing thrusters yield clear propulsion power savings. Other measures to reduce fuel consumption, such as waste heat recovery and wind power also show big gains.

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Risk-Based Conceptual Ship Design of a Bulk Carrier Accounting for Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

The International Journal of Maritime Engineering ◽

10.5750/ijme.v163ia1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 163 (A1) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

Y Garbatov ◽

P Georgiev

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Design Method ◽

Ship Design ◽

Design Solution ◽

Initial Stability ◽

Long Time ◽

Input Variables ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Operational Expenditure

The paper covered a study aimed at developing a risk-based conceptual ship design method for bulk carriers, while taking into account the life cycle assessment and energy efficiency of the ship propulsion system. The study included conceptual ship design as a part of the risk-based ship design approach. In such conceptual design, using the long-time experience and statistics, the main dimensions and hull form, resistance and propulsion, weights, initial stability, freeboard, seakeeping and manoeuvrability were initially derived and the capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and decommissioning expenditure obtained. An optimal design solution was obtained, based on the energy efficiency design index, shipbuilding, operation, and resale costs at the end of the service life, which were used as input variables in a riskbased analysis.

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Energy Efficient Safe Ship Operation (SHOPERA)

10.5957/wmtc-2015-119 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Apostolos Papanikolaou ◽

George Zaraphonitis ◽

Elzbieta Bitner-Gregersen ◽

Vladimir Shigunov ◽

Ould El Moctar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Assessment Procedure ◽

Major Step ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Method Of Calculation ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Ship Operation ◽

Propulsion Power ◽

Engine Power

The 2012 guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships, MEPC.212(63), as updated by MEPC 245(66) in April 2014, represent a major step forward in implementing energy efficiency regulations for ships through the introduction of the EEDI limits for various types of ships. There are, however, serious concerns regarding the sufficiency of propulsion power and steering devices to maintain maneuverability of ships in adverse conditions, hence regarding the safety of ships, if the EEDI requirements are achieved by simply reducing the installed engine power. This was the rationale for a new EU funded research project with the acronym SHOPERA (2013-2016), aiming at developing suitable methods, tools and guidelines to effectively address the above concerns. The paper discusses the background of the ongoing research in project SHOPERA, presents early and intermediate results of the project and discusses certain fundamental issues regarding the formulation of proper criteria and practical assessment procedure for ship’s maneuverability and safety under adverse conditions.

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An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 278

Author(s):

Ernest Czermański ◽

Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽

Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek ◽

Barbara Pawłowska ◽

Theo Notteboom

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Early Stage ◽

Management Plan ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Container Shipping ◽

Shipping Industry ◽

Emission Reductions ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

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A comparative review of the resistance of a 37,000 dwt Chemical Tanker based on experimental tests and calculations

Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology ◽

10.47577/technium.v1i.32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

Liviu Crudu ◽

Radu Bosoancă ◽

Dan Obreja

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Full Scale ◽

The Other ◽

Towing Tank ◽

Ship Resistance ◽

Comparative Review ◽

Cfd Applications ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Comparison Of The Results

The evaluation of ship resistance is of paramount importance having a decisive impact on the economic performances and efficiency depending on mission. If new IMO requirements through the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) are taken into account the necessity to have more and more accurate tools capable to consider the influences of different parameters became mandatory. The availability of towing tank facilities and the full scale trials are the practical means in order to be able to confirm the accuracy of theoretical formulations and to define the limits of CFD applications. Based on the results of the towing tank tests, a direct comparison with the results provided by classical methods and CFD computations can be systematically can be performed. On the other hand, the influences of the modifications operated on the fore part of the ship aretheoretically evaluated and compared with the towing tank results. Consequently, the paper is focused on the comparison of the results evaluated using different tools which have been carried out for a Chemical Tanker built by Constanta Shipyard Romania.

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Evaluation of the influence of terrain and traffic road conditions on the driver’s driving performances by applying machine learning

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci211019355v ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 355-355

Author(s):

Davor Vujanovic ◽

Sladjana Jankovic ◽

Marko Stokic ◽

Stefan Zdravkovic

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Aggressive Driving ◽

Driving Style ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Road Section ◽

Vehicle Fleet ◽

Cargo Transportation

In this paper, research is done in the influence of different terrain and traffic conditions on road sections on the driver?s driving performances, i.e. on the car energy efficiency and CO2 emission. A methodology aimed at determining to which extent unfavorable traffic and/or terrain conditions on a road section contribute to the driver?s worse driving performances, and also to determine when the driver?s aggressive driving style is responsible for greater fuel consumption and greater CO2 emission is proposed. In order to apply the proposed methodology, a research study was carried out in a cargo transportation company and 12 drives who drove the same vehicle on five different road sections were selected. As many as 284 014 of the instances of the data about the defined parameters of the road section and the driver?s driving style were collected, based on which and with the help of machine learning a prediction of the scores for the road section and the scores for the driver?s driving style was performed. The obtained results have shown that the proposed methodology is a useful tool for managers enabling them to simply and quickly determine potential room for increasing the energy efficiency of the vehicle fleet and decreasing CO2 emission.

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