scholarly journals Effect of driving resistances on energy demand and exhaust emission in motor vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur JAWORSKI ◽  
Kazimierz Lejda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Resistance Function ◽  
Emission Limits

Among the fundamental factors affecting the emissions of internal combustion engines is the resistance to motion acting on the car. This is an important factor to be taken into account when testing cars in conditions simulated on a chassis dynamometer. The dependence of the driving resistance function on vehicle speed is determined on the basis of various methods, the most frequently used of which is the so-called alternative method specified in procedures for the type approval of motor vehicles with respect to the emission of pollutants in exhaust gases. The values adopted in accordance with the alternative method differ from the actual resistance acting on the car in road conditions. This is one of the reasons why the emission of pollutants and the fuel consumption of an engine in real road conditions differs from the values given by the car manufacturer, including the emission limits specified in the standards. This paper presents an evaluation of the influence of driving resistance on the energy demand and emission of pollutants in the exhaust gases by sample passenger car with SI engine fuelled by petrol and LPG.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Operation of the Tank Equipment for Ultrasonic Purification of the Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Gases

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. B219-B226
Author(s):  
Adil Kadyrov ◽  
Aleksandr Ganyukov ◽  
Igor Pak ◽  
Bahtiyar Suleyev ◽  
Kyrmyzy Balabekova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Equipment Operation

The article presents results of scientific and experimental studies of the authors on operation of the tank equipment for ultrasonic purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines designed to reduce environmental pollution. The scheme of the experimental device implementing the principle of the tank equipment operation for ultrasonic cleaning of the motor vehicles exhaust gases is presented; the obtained experimental data of ultrasonic coagulation processes were processed and analyzed. Empirical relationships of the coagulation coefficient and its rate of change are derived from experimental data.

scholarly journals Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from a Combustion Engine under Simulated Actual Operating Conditions in Real Driving Emissions Test

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Monika Andrych-Zalewska ◽  
Zdzislaw Chlopek ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Specific Distance

The paper describes the methodology of research of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under engine states determined by the vehicle actual operation in the RDE test. The processes of quantities determining the vehicle motion and engine states have been recorded, along with the exhaust emission intensity. Based on the developed research methodology, zero-dimensional characteristics of the processes of the emission intensity have been determined under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. The authors also determined the average specific distance exhaust emissions under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. Based on the above results, the unique characteristics of the relation of the average specific distance emissions and the average vehicle speed have been obtained. The obtained characteristics may be used in the modeling of exhaust emissions from motor vehicles under actual traffic conditions. The authors also explored the sensitivity of the average specific distance emissions to the vehicle driving style.

scholarly journals The effects of gear shift indicator usage on fuel efficiency of a motor vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Blagojevic ◽  
Goran Vorotovic ◽  
Dragan Stamenkovic ◽  
Nebojsa Petrovic ◽  
Branislav Rakicevic
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gear Shift ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Main Factors

The manner of gear shifting is one of the main factors affecting the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles. Potential savings resulted from optimized gear shifting led to introduction of gear shift indicators in passenger vehicles as an obligation from year 2012. The effects of gear shift indicators usage are still not studied enough. That was the motive for the authors to conduct the experiments to justify their usage, both from the economic and ecological standpoint. The presented results come from the tests conducted on FIAT 500L vehicle to determine the fuel consumption using the new European driving cycle, but for three different gear shift patterns: (1) as defined in UNECE Regulation No. 83, (2) as indicated by vehicle?s gear shift indicator, and (3) based on the average vehicle speed values collected from gear shift indicators of 35 passenger vehicles of different makes, types, and characteristics. Maximum difference in fuel consumption recorded in tests done using three different gear shift patterns is 18.7%.

scholarly journals Observations from PEMS testing of combustion engines of different applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Jacek PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The Road ◽  
Procedure Guidelines

The article compares data obtained in road tests with the latest legislative proposals relating to various applications of internal combustion engines. Passenger car emission tests have been performed several times on the same test route in accordance with the RDE procedure guidelines, for which a dozen or so criteria must be met, including the distance of each of the drive sections, their in the drive time and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. The analysis was also based on a two-dimensional operating density characterization, presented in the vehicle speed-acceleration coordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare dynamic properties, operating time density and, thus, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their feasibility and emission values. An exhaust emission related comparison of three types of powertrain have been presented: gasoline, diesel and hybrid in the RDE tests. The authors proposed a new form of presenting the road exhaust emissions results in relation to the carbon dioxide emission, referred to as a standardization of the emission results. The exhaust emissions from city buses fitted with different powertrains tested on an actual bus route and in the SORT test were also compared.

scholarly journals Comparison of exhaust emission from Euro 3 and Euro 6 motor vehicles fueled with petrol and LPG based on real driving conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Artur JAWORSKI ◽  
Kazimierz LEJDA ◽  
Janusz LUBAS ◽  
Maksymilian MĄDZIEL
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System ◽  
Liquid Petroleum Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
The Impact

Constantly increasing requirements regarding emission limits for harmful exhaust components force vehicle manufacturers to im-prove the construction of vehicle engines as well as exhaust gas cleaning systems. In addition to modifications in the field of technology of motor vehicles themselves, it is also important to study the impact of alternatives to petrol or diesel fuels. One of the most popular fossil fuel is liquid petroleum gas. In the paper, the results of comparative studies on the emission of harmful exhaust components of vehicles meeting the Euro 3 and Euro 6 standards in the field of petrol and LPG fuel use are presented. Emission measurement was performed using a portable emission measurement system from Horiba OBS-2200 under real traffic conditions. The presented results show the differences between the tested vehicles and the fuels used.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of the impact of the technical condition of motor vehicles on environmental pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Marek IDZIOR ◽  
Edward CZAPLIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Impact

The article presents selected aspects related to the influence of toxic components of exhaust gases from vehicle transport vehicles on environmental pollution and human health. The paper describes the quantitative structure of motor vehicles that are operating in Poland. The structure of used passenger cars that were imported from abroad and first registered in Poland was presented. The procedure for periodic control tests in exhaust emission diagnostic stations is also described. The results of the study allowed to distinguish a group of vehicles that did not meet the limits of pollution established by the legislator.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS CONTAINED IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASOLINE ENGINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Assad ◽  
V. V. Grushevski ◽  
O. G. Penyazkov ◽  
I. N. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Load Mode

The concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gasoline combustion products emitted into the atmosphere by internal combustion engines (ICE) has been measured using the gas chromatography method. The concentrations of PAHs in the exhaust gases sampled behind a catalytic converter has been determined when the ICE operates in five modes: idle mode, high speed mode, load mode, ICE cold start mode (engine warm-up) and transient mode. Using 92 RON, 95 RON and 98 RON gasoline the effect of the octane number of gasoline on the PAHs content in the exhaust gases has been revealed. The concentration of the most carcinogenic component (benzo(α)pyrene) in the exhaust gases behind a catalytic converter significantly exceeds a reference value of benzo(α)pyrene in the atmospheric air established by the WHO and the EU for ICE in the load mode.

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