scholarly journals Emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in Poland comparing to pollutant emission in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽  
Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Specific Distance

The inventory results of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland comparing to the emission of pollutants in the European Union have been presented in the paper. The analysis is based on the official results of the pollution inventory reported to the European Union. Emission of the following substances was considered for the years 1990–2016 for Poland and the European Union from all civili-zation and road transport activities: carbon monoxide, non-methan volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter consisting of fractions: total suspended particles, PM10 and PM2.5. It was observed that the share of pollutant emission from road transport in Poland is smaller than for the entire European Union. This is especially evident in the case of particulate matter and nitro-gen oxides. As a result of the analysis of the emission inventory in the European Union, it was confirmed that the share of motorisation in the emission of pollutants harmful to human health is significantly smaller in Poland than in the entire European Union. Therefore, conducting a detailed analysis of specific distance emission of pollutants from a statistical vehicle as well as extending research on greenhouse gas emission from motor vehicles is recommended.

scholarly journals An Overview of Lean Exhaust deNOx Aftertreatment Technologies and NOx Emission Regulations in the European Union

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Tommaso Selleri ◽  
Anastasios D. Melas ◽  
Ameya Joshi ◽  
Dario Manara ◽  
Adolfo Perujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

This paper reviews the recent advances in the management of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from the internal combustion engine of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, addressing both technical and legal aspects. Particular focus is devoted to the often-virtuous interaction between new legislation imposing more restrictions on the permitted pollutant emission levels and new technologies developed in order to meet these restrictions. The review begins first with the American and then European directives promulgated in the 1970s, aimed at limiting emissions of pollutants from road transport vehicles. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of the Euro standards in the European Union for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, used as a legal and time frame reference for the evolution of emission aftertreatment systems (ATSs). The paper also describes governmental approaches implemented for the control of pollutant emissions in circulating vehicles, such as market surveillance and in-service conformity. In parallel, it is explained how the gradual introduction of small-scale devices aimed at the NOx control, such as lean NOx traps (LNTs) systems, and, most of all, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, permitted the application to road-transport vehicles of this ATS, originally designed in larger sizes for industrial usage. The paper reviews chemical processes occurring in SCR systems and their advantages and drawbacks with respect to the pollutant emission limits imposed by the legislation. Their potential side effects are also addressed, such as the emission of extra, not-yet regulated pollutants such as, for example, NH3 and N2O. The NOx, N2O, and NH3 emission level evolution with the various Euro standards for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles are reported in the light of experimental data obtained at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. It is observed that the new technologies, boosted by increasingly stricter legal limits, have led in the last two decades to a clear decrease of over one order of magnitude of NOx emissions in Diesel light-duty vehicles, bringing them to the same level as Euro 6 gasoline vehicles (10 mg/km to 20 mg/km in average). On the other hand, an obvious increase in the emissions of both NH3 and N2O is observed in both Diesel and gasoline light-duty vehicles, whereby NH3 emissions in spark-ignition vehicles are mainly linked to two-reaction mechanisms occurring in three-way catalysts after the catalyst light-off and during engine rich-operation. NH3 emissions measured in recent Euro 6 light-duty vehicles amount to a few mg/km for both gasoline and Diesel engines, whereby N2O emissions exceeding a dozen mg/km have been observed in Diesel vehicles only. The present paper can be regarded as part of a general assessment in view of the next EU emission standards, and a discussion on the role the SCR technology may serve as a NOx emission control strategy from lean-burn vehicles.

scholarly journals Inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland using the COPERT 5 software

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Jakub LASOCKI ◽  
Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽  
Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic

This article presents results of the inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland. To determine emission from motor vehicles in Poland COPERT 5 software was used for the first time. In addition, a comparison of the national emission from motor vehi-cles in 2016 and in 2015 was included. Pollutants harmful to health were considered primarily: carbon monoxide, organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Emission of substances contributing to the intensification of the greenhouse effect were also examined: carbon dioxide, ammonia and nitrous oxide. It was found that the relative increase in volume of emission of carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds is less than 10%, and nitrogen oxides and particulate matter less than 15%. The relative increase in carbon dioxide emission is approximately 14%, which corresponds to a relative increase in fuel consumption. The relative increase of volume of heavy metal emission is similar. The assessment of the energy emission factor (emission of pollution related to energy equal to used fuel) proves that – amongst pollutants harmful to health – for carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds there is a relative reduction by approximately 5% in 2016, and for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter – increase by approximately (3–4)%.

scholarly journals The Inventory of Pollutants Hazardous to the Health of Living Organisms, Emitted by Road Transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5387
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Jakub Lasocki ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Specific Distance

The paper provides the results of the inventory of pollutants hazardous to the health of living organisms, emitted by road transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017. For estimating pollutant emissions from road transport, a standardized methodology was applied, consistent with the guidance of EEA/EMEP Emission Inventory Guidebook 2019 and the COPERT 5 software. The following substances were analyzed: carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter size fractions (total suspended particles—TSP, PM10, PM2.5). For the pollutants, emission values averaged over the distance travelled by the road fleet (average specific distance emission) were determined. The results obtained indicated that between 1990 and 2017 the annual pollutant emissions from road vehicles in Poland had an increasing trend concerning TSP (74%), PM10 (64%), PM2.5 (52%) and NOx (25%), while the corresponding emissions had a decreasing trend for CO (−117%) and NMVOC (−85%). However, a clear downward trend was found for the average specific distance emissions of all substances throughout the subsequent inventory years: TSP (−28%), PM10 (−100%), PM2.5 (−91%), NOx (−84%), CO (−208%) and NMVOC (−173%), which is due to the dynamic progress in the technological advancement of road vehicles.

scholarly journals Applying the illegal emulator of the AdBlue pump in the aspect of the protection of the safety of the environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1136
Author(s):  
Marcin Rychter ◽  
Piotr Sułek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Catalyst Reduction ◽  
Scr System

The road transport is a constantly unrolling sector of the national economy. Consistent height of the number of motor vehicles in it of heavy vehicles load-carrying is posing an essential threat to the safety of the environmental protection. The present article is supposed what action to show are entertaining review bodies in the European Union among others Inspection of the road transport in Poland in order to prevent illegal installing devices eliminating the correct functioning of the SCR system, and consequently for increasing the amount of harmful substances emitted to the environment. Appointing institutions which will be conducting an examination and inspections of devices are an obligation of member states of the European Union, as well as will be implementing solutions guaranteeing tightening the system up. Experience, the economic pressure and rivalry in the road transport took hauliers to the non-observance of principles, in particular concerning the correct functioning of the SCR system (Selective Catalyst Reduction). The article contains duties which lie with drivers by vehicles, is taking issues of the system security and optimum action of devices and consequences which can result from the non-observance of provisions, as well as surrendering them to manipulations.

Sustainable Road Transport in the European Union

2011 ◽  
Vol 2242 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Shen ◽  
Da Ruan ◽  
Elke Hermans ◽  
Tom Brijs ◽  
Geert Wets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals Ecological conditions for the implementation of the european modular systems in road transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Anna Dzioba ◽  
Marietta Markiewicz ◽  
Jan Gutsche ◽  
Adam Talaśka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Aspect ◽  
Ecological Aspect ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Standard Sets

This article focuses on the challenges and problems facing road transport nowadays. The main aspect discussed in the paper is the ecological aspect. As the demand for transport services has been constantly growing for the last 20 years, solving the problem has become a great challenge. In the further part of the study, an attempt was made to indicate solutions applied in the European Union. Another solution is presented in this paper, which is the introduction of European Modular Systems to road transport. Their characteristics were presented and countries in which such solutions are used were indicated. Based the analysis of studies in the field of the discussed issues, a comparison of fuel consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions of standard sets with EMS sets was carried out.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of PM<sub>1</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> during Saharan dust episodes in Athens, Greece

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Grigoropoulos ◽  
P. T. Nastos ◽  
G. Ferentinos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Dust Events

Abstract. The objective of this study is to present and analyse the spatial distribution of PM1 (particulate matter with diameter less than 1 μm) and PM10 (particulate matter with diameter less than 10 μm) within the greater area of Athens (GAA), Greece, during two extreme Saharan dust episodes in 2006 and 2008. Two portable detectors, based on light scattering method, were used to record the particulate matter concentrations. The samples were collected in the same morning hour of the day which coincided with the peak of vehicles traffic. We analysed the recorded data on normal days and on days with extreme Saharan dust events in order to find out the exceedances of the particulate matter concentrations. Using Kriging method, the spatial patterns of PM1 and PM10 concentrations were constructed for GAA. It is already known that particulate matter represent the main hazard in cardiovascular and respiratory syndromes within the most polluted cities of Europe, which confront high traffic problems, amplified by Saharan dust episodes, which are frequent especially in the Southern Europe, during spring time. The results of the performed analysis showed that during these episodes, PM concentrations over exceed the thresholds set by the European Union, exacerbating the human health in Athens.

scholarly journals Evironmental Tax. Are Vehicle Registers in the EU Prepared?

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Petr David ◽  
Vojtěch Schiller
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Research Show ◽  
The Eu

The market system is unavailable to reflect negative externalities, caused by road motor traffic, in the realized prices. For that purpose, it would be appropriate to implement a general environmental road tax in the European Union member states. The question is whether the national registers of vehicles are prepared for such a change. Whether this is the case at present, may be found out by means of analyses of the available national registers. The next step is synthetic: the data must be subsequently completed on the basis of the knowledge of needs of currently existing systems of road motor vehicles taxation. In the end, the identified results may be supplemented with the known data published by international institutions. The results of the research show that the present systems of road motor vehicles taxation are utterly different and distortive. Only 12 countries of the European Union have registers which were clearly identified as prepared for the application of the environmental tax. Registers of the remaining countries do not contain one or more data that are necessary for the implementation of the environmental tax. For this reason we may assume that regardless of other determinants, environmental road tax shall not be introduced throughout the European Union in the foreseeable future.

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