scholarly journals Problems of exhaust emissions testing from machines and mobile devices in real operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr LIJEWSKI ◽  
Paweł FUĆ ◽  
Filip MARKIEWICZ ◽  
Michał DOBRZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Construction Works

The article presents selected problems concerning tests of toxic exhaust emissions from engines of vehicles, mobile devices, engines used in gardening and construction works. For this group of engines, this type of testing is carried out primarily in laboratory conditions, however, variable load conditions during actual operation justify efforts to determine the level of emissions in real operating conditions. Research in real operating conditions for different engine categories becomes increasingly more standard, in this aspect, it is necessary to verify the state of knowledge and methodology in the aspect of testing engines of machines and mobile devices. The research performed by the authors was the first of this type using PEMS equipment, hence some conclusions and observations can be made from the obtained results. At present, the type approval procedures for the engine group in question do not account for emissions tests in real operating conditions, while also missing any description of a standardized research methodology. In addition, the engine group in question is not really suitable for testing in real conditions. An introduction to research aimed at developing an exhaust emission test methodology in real operating conditions of mobile device engines was included in the article.

scholarly journals Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from a Combustion Engine under Simulated Actual Operating Conditions in Real Driving Emissions Test

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Monika Andrych-Zalewska ◽  
Zdzislaw Chlopek ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Specific Distance

The paper describes the methodology of research of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under engine states determined by the vehicle actual operation in the RDE test. The processes of quantities determining the vehicle motion and engine states have been recorded, along with the exhaust emission intensity. Based on the developed research methodology, zero-dimensional characteristics of the processes of the emission intensity have been determined under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. The authors also determined the average specific distance exhaust emissions under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. Based on the above results, the unique characteristics of the relation of the average specific distance emissions and the average vehicle speed have been obtained. The obtained characteristics may be used in the modeling of exhaust emissions from motor vehicles under actual traffic conditions. The authors also explored the sensitivity of the average specific distance emissions to the vehicle driving style.

scholarly journals Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ziółkowski ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Emission Norm ◽  
Test Route

Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.

scholarly journals New State Identification Method for Rotating Machinery under Variable Load Conditions Based on Hybrid Entropy Features and Joint Distribution Adaptation

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Xue ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Suqun Cao ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Jianzhong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
State Identification ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Testing Set

Fault identification under variable operating conditions is a task of great importance and challenge for equipment health management. However, when dealing with this kind of issue, traditional fault diagnosis methods based on the assumption of the distribution coherence of the training and testing set are no longer applicable. In this paper, a novel state identification method integrated by time-frequency decomposition, multi-information entropies, and joint distribution adaptation is proposed for rolling element bearings. At first, fast ensemble empirical mode decomposition was employed to decompose the vibration signals into a collection of intrinsic mode functions, aiming at obtaining the multiscale description of the original signals. Then, hybrid entropy features that can characterize the dynamic and complexity of time series in the local space, global space, and frequency domain were extracted from each intrinsic mode function. As for the training and testing set under different load conditions, all data was mapped into a reproducing space by joint distribution adaptation to reduce the distribution discrepancies between datasets, where the pseudolabels of the testing set and the final diagnostic results were obtained by the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Finally, five cases with the training and testing set under variable load conditions were used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, and comparisons with some other diagnosis models combined with the same features and other dimensionality reduction methods were also discussed. The analysis results show that the proposed method can effectively recognize the multifaults of rolling element bearings under variable load conditions with higher accuracies and has sound practicability.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Injection Timing on Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Port-Injected Gasoline Engine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Movahednejad ◽  
F. Ommi ◽  
M. Hosseinalipour ◽  
O. Samimi
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Intake Port ◽  
One Dimensional

For spark ignition engines, the fuel-air mixture preparation process is known to have a significant influence on engine performance and exhaust emissions. In this paper, an experimental study is made to characterize the spray characteristics of an injector with multi-disc nozzle used in the engine. The distributions of the droplet size and velocity and volume flux were characterized by a PDA system. Also a model of a 4 cylinder multi-point fuel injection engine was prepared using a fluid dynamics code. By this code one-dimensional, unsteady, multiphase flow in the intake port has been modeled to study the mixture formation process in the intake port. Also, one-dimensional air flow and wall fuel film flow and a two-dimensional fuel droplet flow have been modeled, including the effects of in-cylinder mixture back flows into the port. The accuracy of model was verified using experimental results of the engine testing showing good agreement between the model and the real engine. As a result, predictions are obtained that provide a detailed picture of the air-fuel mixture properties along the intake port. A comparison was made on engine performance and exhaust emission in different fuel injection timing for 2600 rpm and different loads. According to the present investigation, optimum injection timing for different engine operating conditions was found.

scholarly journals Exhaust emissions of an LPG powered vehicle in real operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00053
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Dawid Gallas ◽  
Maciej Siedlecki ◽  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Barbara Sokolnicka
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Test Drive ◽  
The Real ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Test Requirements

The paper contains exhaust emission results for an RDE test drive of a passenger vehicle with a spark ignition bi-fuel engine fuelled with LPG. The tests were performed in accordance with the RDE test requirements, and their results were compared to the emission limits of the applicable EURO norm. The aim of the paper is to investigate the discrepancies in the real exhaust emissions between the gasoline-specific emission norms and real values from vehicle use when powered by LPG.

scholarly journals TRACTOR’S ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS’ RESEARCH IN DRILLING WORK

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antanas Juostas ◽  
Algirdas Janulevičius
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Engine Load

Tis paper provides an overview of possibilities for determining tractor’s engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in real operating conditions. Theuse of accumulated database in tractor’s electronic control modules for the analysis of engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions is analysed. The methodology for analysis of engine power, speed and exhaust emissions’ dependencies, also for analysis of engine exhaust emissions is presented. Tis paper presents testing results of the unit combined of tractor “Massey Ferguson MF 6499” and drilling machine “Vaderstad Rapid” by engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Drilling process time, engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emission components’ distribution are presented in different engine speed and cyclic fuel injection modes. Test results are analysed separately for technological drilling and work processes at the headland. In the technological process of drilling, if the tractor engine speed and, correspondingly, the transmission gear ratio were reduced to get the set working speed, fuel consumption decreased, CO and CO2 emissions varied slightly, but the NOx increased significantly. Significant part of exhaust emissions occurred at headlands. The conclusion is that the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, including harmful components, can be reduced only by complex optimization of technological processes and tractor operating modes.

scholarly journals Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from Rail Machinery during Track Maintenance Operations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Michalina Kamińska ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Track Maintenance ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Overhead Electrical Lines

The paper presents the investigations of exhaust emissions under actual operation of two rail vehicles: a track geometry vehicle and a clearance vehicle. The environmental assessment of this type of objects is difficult due to the necessity of adapting the measurement equipment and meeting the safety requirements during the tests (particularly regarding the distance from the overhead electrical lines). The authors have proposed and developed a unique research methodology, based on which a detailed exhaust emissions analysis (CO, HC, NOx, and PM) was carried out. The complex assessment included the unit and on-track exhaust emissions. In the analyses, the authors also included the operating conditions of the powertrains of the tested machinery. The obtained environmental indexes were referred to the homologation standards, according to which the vehicles were approved for operation. Due to the nature of operation of the tested vehicles, the authors carried out a comprehensive environmental assessment in the daily and annual approach as well as in the aspect of their operation as combined vehicles, which is a novel approach to the assessment of the environmental performance of this type of objects.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN OKSIGENAT PADA SOLAR TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG MESIN DIESEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Yos Nofendri
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Load Conditions

ABSTRAK Penurunan kualitas udara pada bumi terus menurun. Ini disebabkan oleh polusi udara semakin lama semakin meningkat. Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan juga menjadi salah satu penyebab menurunnya kualitas udara. Penegakan aturan yang ketat dalam pengendalian pencemaran pada emisi gas buang semakin diperketat. Oleh itu diperlukan suatu bahan bakar kendaraan yang dapat mengurangkan emisi gas buang pada kendaraan. Pada saat sekarang ini pencarian bahan bakar ramah lingkungan difokuskan dengan menggunakan aditif berbahan dasar alami. Dengan demikian perlu diteliti penambahan aditif ditambahkan ke minyak solar, dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi emisi gas buang. Sebuah mesin diesel satu silinder telah digunakan yang digabungkan gas analyzer Bosc tipe BEA 150 / 250 / 350. Oksigenat berbahan dasar nabati digunakan sebagai aditif dalam bahan bakar diesel dengan campuran 1% - 5% volume. Tes emisi gas buang dilakukan pada kecepatan antara 900 - 1.700 rpm dan kondisi beban penuh. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan parameter emisi gas buang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aditif oksigenat sebanyak 1 % bisa menurunkan jelaga 30%, meningkatkan CO2 sebanyak 5%, menurunkan CO 35% dan peningkatan NOx sebanyak 9% dibanding solar murni. Kata Kunci : Mesin diesel, Oksigenat, Emisi Gas Buang ABSTRACT Decline in air quality on earth continues to occur. One of its causes is air pollution which is the mistake of vehicle exhaust emissions. Strict enforcement of pollution control on exhaust emissions is one way to control exhaust emissions. It is therefore necessary to fuel a vehicle that can reduce exhaust emissions on vehicles. At the present time this environmentally friendly fuel search is focused using natural based additives. Thus it is necessary to examine the addition of additives added to the diesel oil, with the aim of reducing exhaust emissions. A single-cylinder diesel engine has been used which incorporates a BEA 150/250/350 Bosc gas analyzer. Vegetable oxygenates are used as additives in diesel fuel with a mixture of 1% - 5% by volume. The exhaust emission test is carried out at speeds between 900 - 1,700 rpm and full load conditions. The experiment was conducted to obtain the parameters of exhaust emissions. The experimental results show that the addition of 1% oxygenate additive can decrease carbon 30%, increase CO2 by 5%, decrease CO 35% and increase NOx by 9% compared to pure diesel. Keyword : Diesel Engine, Oxygenat, Emission Engine

Impact of Diesel Engine Technology Advancement on Particulate Exhaust Emission - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awadhesh Kumar Tiwari ◽  
R.K. Mandloi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Emission Effect ◽  
And Control

In present scenario clean technologies with lesser fuel consumption for better air quality is needed from automobile sector. There is need to maintain regulatory emission standards, approaches to minimize green house gases. Therefore, it is highly required to address two major challenges, better engine efficiency with minimum exhaust emissions. Excessive work has been done on fuel improvement, combustion process and exhaust emission on diesel engine advancement since last 40 years. This review covers a comprehensive summary of the existing details related to technology advancement and its effect on pollution control. The investigations have focused on determination of the best operating conditions like overview of modified fuel, particulate emission effect and control strategies which include engine modifications and with advanced combustion strategies vehicular particulate exhaust emissions can be significantly controlled.

Simulation and Optimization of Absorption Column of the Dual-Pressure Nitric Acid Production Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 3830-3834
Author(s):  
Ji Dong Liu ◽  
Zhong Zhe Dong ◽  
Jian Xin Xu ◽  
Ai Kang Guo ◽  
Zhi Liang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Absorption Effect ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Actual Operation

Simulation of the absorption column was studied. A new mathematic model was developed and tested against the actual operation data. From this, the accuracy of the model was proved. The pressure, temperature and gas composition on absorption effect was discussed. And from the point of the practical production, more optimized operating conditions of the nitric acid absorption tower were showed. It makes the dilute acid concentration increase by 3 percent and the exhaust emission of NOx decrease by 45ppm.

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