Tambov viceroyalty – a new stage of the administrative and territorial structure of the Tambov region

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Ruslan N. Shutov
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
The Status ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The research is devoted to the study of the significance of the Tambov viceroyalty as one of the stages of the administrative and territorial structure of the Tambov region. The main problem was to determine the role and significance of the viceroyalty in the process of developing a separate administrative and territorial unit with the center in Tambov. For the analysis of this topic, both historical and interdisciplinary research methods were used: historical-comparative, historical-typological, historical-legal. The political and administrative system created by Peter I remained incomplete. The existing shortcomings of the system of local and gubernatorial administration, becoming more and more obvious, pushed Catherine II to reform local government. The main merit of the ongoing reform is the creation of local government, acting independently. It can be said that the “Institutions for the Administration of the Governorates of the All-Russian Empire” became a document of “great strength” by historical standards – they basically operated until the liberal reforms of the 1860s, to a certain extent – until October 1917. Changes related to the local administration of Russia in the 18th century they directly affected the status and role of Tambov. The provincial city of the early 18th century became by the end of the same century the center of the vast Black Earth governorate.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
African Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Units

The place and role of local government within the structure of government in Africa has attracted much public interest. Prior to and after independence, African countries used local government as the administrative units of central governments without their having any legal status, to the extent that local authorities were under the strict control of central governments. The autonomy of local government is pivotal in the democratisation of a country. The United Nations, European Union and African Union have adopted treaties to promote the recognition and protection of local government in the state parties’ constitutions. Accordingly, this article explains the status of local government in Africa and its impact on strengthening democracy in African states.

scholarly journals Opera Dilogy der Beglückte Florindo (“Florindo Made Happy”) and Die Verwandelte Daphne (“Daphne Metamorphosed”) by G.F. Handel / Problem of Plot Formation

2020 ◽  
pp. 904-913
Author(s):  
Maria A. Kosheleva
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Love Relationships ◽  
Unrequited Love ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Baroque Music ◽  
Performance Traditions ◽  
Baroque Opera ◽  
Early 18Th Century

In line with the interest of domestic researchers in libretto of vintage operas and Baroque music theatre, this article turns over a new leaf of the G.F. Handel’s operas of his early period, and also puts them into the context of the performance traditions of the Hamburg State Opera at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. Der beglückte Florindo (“Florindo made happy”) and Die verwandelte Daphne (“Daphne metamorphosed”) are the operas, which were performed on the stage of the Hamburg Theatre at the Gänsemarkt square (lit. Geese Market) and became not only the first G.F. Handel’s try on the genre of pastorals, but also a prime example of a Baroque opera dilogy. As the composer’s music sheets have been almost completely lost, the author is focused on the preserved texts of the libretto and sets an objective to identify their specificity in the context of plot formation of a Baroque opera. This article makes an attempt to analyze Handel’s opera dilogy in fine detail. Thus, the author reveals the underlying dramatic conflict between two gods – Phoebus and Cupid, determines the number of pairs of characters involved in the love dramaturgical line and provides schemes depicting their relationships. In addition, there are enlisted key plot motifs such as mutual/unrequited love motif, motif of suffering, death motif, hatred motif, revenge motif and guile motifs. The identification of the role of each of these motifs in the plot contributes to the confirmation of the hypothesis that Handel’s dilogy belongs to the traditional samples of the early 18th century operatic texts, which are distinguished by the complex intrigue, the intricate love relationships of characters, the typical plot and situational schemes

scholarly journals Lost in Translation – Typographic variation in loanword surrounded punctuation positions

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-343
Author(s):  
Paul Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Punctuation Mark ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Abstract In German printings of the early 18th century, the shift from the hitherto dominant sentence-dividing punctuation mark, the virgule, to the comma, takes place astonishingly rapidly. It is also astonishing that until recently, research has barely devoted itself to this phenomenon, even though it is at least a turning point in the history of the highest-frequency punctuation mark in German writing. The paper examines to what extent the transition from the use of the virgule to the comma is carried out in a phase-specific manner. Previous samples have indicated the influence of the font choice on the choice of punctuation: Printers or typesetters in the early 18th century set the comma especially in the environment of the Antiqua script, which is used to graphically label non-native words or syntagms. Is this a kind of “gateway” to the comma? By means of a corpus analysis in micro-diachronic sections, the status of the virgule/comma variation will be associated with the typographic variation in terms of the use of Latin Antiqua type and the German type.

scholarly journals Registered Cooperatives and Local Government Unit in the Province of Nueva Ecija Philippines: Status, Participation and the Way Forward

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arneil Gabriel ◽  
Raymund Sarmiento ◽  
Maridel Viernez
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

Abstract This study described the status of registered cooperatives in Nueva Ecija using descriptive–correlational research and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. This study found out that majority of the respondent cooperatives are operating for more than 25 years; with more than Million authorized capital; have annual net surplus of P1.2 Million or more; are multi–purpose; and with more than 100 members. The Local Government Units(LGU) are active in teaching the members of the cooperatives to abide rules and guidelines and in supporting the role of cooperatives in the province. However, they should provide aid to cooperatives to efficiently deal with their problems. Additionally, the LGU is informing the cooperatives about their rights and responsibilities. They are not suppressing cooperative members’ opinions and they accept queries coming from the cooperative members. Decision–making responsibilities regarding cooperative matters with the aid of the government were shared by the officers of Cooperatives and LGU. The LGU trust the cooperatives by giving full degree of power of all the benefits that are provided to them by the government. Likewise, cooperatives have no systematic source of authority and influence over the LGU. Despite of the difference in responses of the respondents in non–participation and citizens power, they are similar in tokenism as level of participation. Cooperatives that are new in existence, with low capitalization and with less number of members needed high degree of participation with their members and high degree of partnership and support with the Local Government Units (LGUs). The respondents recognized the help of the LGU in their promotion and in providing trainings but intensified aid and empowerment of the cooperatives are requested by the members and officers to the LGUs. Lastly, the respondent- cooperatives requested that establishment of cooperative office, strengthened tie-up with the LGU, information dissemination on cooperativism, increase aid and funding and partnership with other entities are means to heightened cooperatives participation in development.

scholarly journals К вопросу о развитии рыболовства у калмыков в дореволюционный период

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-243
Author(s):  
Andrey K. Mandzhiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Ancient Time ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Fishing Practices

The article seeks to examine respective sources and show that the Oirats – ancestors of Kalmyks – had been engaged in fishery activities since ancient time, and on arrival in Russia’s borders borrowed neither fishing techniques nor terms but would rather make use of their original ones. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes historical data related to fishing practices of the Kalmyks and published in various scientific papers. It also involves quite a number of expert observations. The study employs historical genetic, historical systemic, and historical comparative research methods. Results and Conclusions. A number of scholars to have dealt with Kalmyk studies believed that since ancient time the Kalmyks had been engaged exclusively in nomadic livestock breeding, leaving any other branches of economic production totally undeveloped, and their fishing activities in the Lower Volga, thus,viewed as a desperate measure caused by impoverishment only. The study shows the Oirat population had been well familiar with this industry back in their historical ancestral lands. Already the early 18th century witnesses the adoption of central and provincial government decrees supposed to regulate quite shaped fishery activities and distinguish Kalmyk-occupied fishery areas from those of Russian settlers. In the mid-to-late 19th and early 20th centuries, fishery proved central to economies of Kalmyk-inhabited districts adjacent to the Volga and Caspian Sea. It can also be noted that the development of fishing practices within the Kalmyk community definitely strengthened its economic basis and increased vital resources.

ACCOUNTABILITY AND FINANCIAL CONTROL AS ‘PATRIOTIC’ STRATEGIES: ACCOMPTANTS AND THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE IN LATE 17TH AND EARLY 18TH - CENTURY IRELAND

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip O'Regan
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Glorious Revolution ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
The Glorious Revolution ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The decades immediately following the Glorious Revolution in 1688 witnessed a variety of political, social and structural responses to this cataclysmic event. In Ireland, religious conflict and economic under-development, as well as the devastation of war from 1689 to 1691, combined to ensure that the Anglo-Irish body politic found it difficult to capture the fruits of success from an English polity that had gradually accreted to itself much of the political power and economic wealth of the country. By 1704, however, the Anglo-Irish had managed to appropriate to themselves some of the economic and constitutional benefits of the Revolution by exploiting various parliamentary practices and structures. One of their strategies centered around developing and leveraging the role of the Public Accounts Committee as a means of imposing accountability on the executive and its officials. To achieve this the members were required to understand, contest and reconfigure official accounting information.

scholarly journals AKAR DAN BUAH TEGALSARI: DINAMIKA SANTRI DAN KETURUNAN KIAI PESANTREN TEGALSARI PONOROGO

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dawam Multazam
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Early Development ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Pesantren Tegalsari Ponorogo that was born in the early 18th century is considered to have an important role in the history of Islam in Nusantara. This Pesantren is even believed as the first boarding institution and was born in 1742. This article examines historically the forerunner and the early development of Pesantren Tegalsari. Then, the role of students and descendants of kiai. By using the method of historical research and data mining to written documents, interviews, and observations, it is concluded that Pesantren Tegalsari has a close relationship with the elite in the past such as the Wali Songo and the King of Majapahit. In addition, through the students and descendants of kiai, these schools also have a major role in society, both in the propagation of Islam as well as in politics.

scholarly journals The Role of the Sole Executive Body in the Activities of the Corporation

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Sergey Mudritsky
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Executive Body

Introduction: consideration of the role of the sole Executive body in the activities of the Corporation is of particular importance in modern conditions of development of corporate relations, since the sole Executive body occupies a dominant place in the system of corporate governance bodies. A Corporation can transfer the functions of a sole Executive body not only to an individual or legal entity, but also to an individual with the status of an individual entrepreneur, since the corresponding prohibition is not contained in the norms of civil legislation. In the event of damage to the Corporation, the sole Executive body may be brought to civil liability. in this regard, the authors set the goal of studying the legal status of the sole Executive body, its rights, duties and responsibilities. Methods: when writing this research, various scientific methods were used, from which we can distinguish historical, comparative legal, formal legal methods, and complex system-structural analysis. Results: the legal position of the sole executive body of the legal entity was studied taking into account recent changes in civil legislation. The author’s position on the possibility for an individual entrepreneur to function as an executive body of a legal entity has been substantiated. Conclusions: the study noted imperfection of the legislation regulating the legal status of sole Executive body and the necessity of making a number of changes and additions in normative legal acts.

scholarly journals Musik – Sprache – (Sprach-)Bild. Zur Semiotizität italienischer barocker Gleichnisarien (2. Teil)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Agnetta
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Textual Structure ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The aim of the present study is to describe some of the possible relations between music, language and verbal picture (or metaphor) which are given in the drammi per musica of the early 18th century and, especially, in four allegorical arias in Vivaldi’s opus La Griselda (1735). This paper sketches some aspects of the cooperation between librettist (Goldoni) and composer (Vivaldi) as well as the importance of metaphor for the interlinkage of music and language in such arias. The essay is divided up into two parts: the first part, which has been presented in ATeM 2 (2017), outlines the bipartite textual structure of the mentioned simile arias (metaphoric vs. literal stanza) which recalls the same two-piece structure of renaissance and baroque emblems. The second part which is presented in the following will focus on the interaction of poetic language, verbal image and Vivaldi’s music in the mentioned simile arias. Here it is explained why questions on musical semantics primarily require a theory of the sign occurrence before generalizations can be carried out on the level of sign systems. The contribution also sheds light on the central role of internal sign learning processes that may transcend arias, entire operas and other combined artworks.

scholarly journals “Statute on Siberian provincial administration” of 1822: the first experience of codification by Michael Speransky

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
I. A. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Provincial Administration ◽  
The 19Th Century

The subject. The article examines the reform of local government in Siberia carried out by the outstanding Russian statesman and reformer M.M. Speransky in the first quarter of the 19th century. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the “Statute on Siberian provincial administration” of 1822 formed the organizational structure of state administration in Siberia for almost a century as well as basis for future codifications of Russian legislation that would carry out by M. Speransky. The methodological basis of the research is combination of objectivity, historicism and alternativeness, which presuppose an unbiased approach in the analysis of the historical problems and a critical attitude towards the sources. The main results, scope of application. The “Statute on Siberian provincial administration” of 1822 was the first systematization of local legislation in the history of Russia. The Statute became the first practical experience in the preparation of a code of laws for M.M. Speransky and his collaborators. The Statute was ahead of the subsequent imperial codification and incorporation of legislation carried out under his leadership. The Speransky’s reform in Siberia in 1822 determined the foundations of the administrative-territorial structure of the Trans-Ural region of the country, which corresponded to the needs of the time. The Statute of 1822 also legitimized the volost public administration of the Siberian state peasants, which was organized in the last quarter of the 18th century. This system of administration put the peasant self-government under more strict control by the district police authorities. Particular attention in the article is paid to the structure, nature and organizational and legal issues of the activities of local government in Siberia. Conclusions. The increased interest in the establishment and development of Siberian regional governance is associated not only with the desire of researchers to look deeper into the past, but also with practical needs. Today it is necessary to research the events and facts of the Siberian past in a new way so as not to repeat old myths and delusions and to prevent the emergence of new ones.

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