scholarly journals Priraščanje navadne smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in evropskega macesna (Larix decidua Mill.) na nekdanjih novinah v koprivni v Karavankah

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Janez Golob ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
David Hladnik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis

Based on previous measurements from 1962 to 2017 on forest research plots located on former slash-and-burn farming areas in the cadastral municipality of Koprivna, the diameter and height increment as well as volume increments of the two main tree species - spruce and larch - were calculated. These set-aside natural research plots have a smaller mean basal area diameter, but the number of trees is higher than in comparable managed forests. Due to the high-density of tree stands over the past thirty years, radial increment of spruce and larch has declined. To determine the influence of environmental factors on radial growth of spruce and larch, a dendrochronological analysis was conducted. According to the dendrochronological analysis of radial increment of trees, the number of years with a negative response has been higher since 1984.

Tree mortality and radial growth losses caused by the western spruce budworm in a Douglas-fir stand in British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Alfaro ◽  
G. A. Van Sickle ◽  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
E. Wegwitz
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of defoliation by western spruce budworm (Choristoneuraoccidentalis (Freeman)), on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) radial growth at breast height and tree mortality are given. Four hundred and twenty trees were marked in an 81-year-old stand, and their defoliation levels were recorded annually from 1970 to 1980 in an outbreak that lasted from 1970 to 1974, inclusive. Forty-one trees were felled and dissected in 1977, 3 years after recovery began. The number of stems per hectare was reduced by 39.3% and basal area by 11.6% through mortality, most occurring among the small diameter, suppressed, and intermediate trees. Relationships were established between mortality and defoliation. Radial increments were examined, and the presence of four outbreaks during the life of the stand was detected. The combined effect of these infestations amounted to a loss of about 12% of the estimated potential diameter had not the insects been active. The most recent outbreak (1970–1974) caused a total of 10 years of subnormal growth, including 5 years due to defoliation and 5 years of recovery. The relationship between radial increment losses and defoliation intensity and duration is studied and quantified.

scholarly journals Growth Relationships in Silver Fir Stands at Their Lower-Altitude Limit in Romania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Gheorghe-Marian Tudoran ◽  
Avram Cicșa ◽  
Albert Ciceu ◽  
Alexandru-Claudiu Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Mean Current

This study presents the biometric relationships among various increments that is useful in both scientific and practical terms for the silvicultural of silver fir. The increments recorded in the biometric characteristics of trees are a faithful indicator of the effect of silvicultural work measures and of environmental conditions. Knowing these increments, and the relationships among them, can contribute to adaptations in silvicultural work on these stands with the purpose of reducing risks generated by environmental factors. We carried an inventory based on tree increment cores. The sample size was determined based on both radial increment and height increment variability of the trees. The sample trees were selected in proportion to their basal area on diameter categories. Current annual height increment (CAIh) was measured on felled trees from mean tree category. For CAIh we generated models based on the mean tree height. Percentages of the basal area increment and of form-height increment were used to compute the current annual volume increment percentage (PCAIv). For the mean tree, the CAIh estimated through the used models had a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.8749 and for the current annual volume increment (CAIv) the RMSE value was 0.1295. In even-aged stands, the mean current volume increment tree is a hypothetical tree that may have the mean basal area of all the trees and the form-height of the stand. Conclusions: The diameter, height, and volume increments of trees are influenced by structural conditions and natural factors. The structures comprising several generations of fir mixed with beech and other deciduous trees, which have been obtained by the natural regeneration of local provenances, are stable and must become management targets. Stable structures are a condition for the sustainable management of stands.

scholarly journals Radial Growth and Health Condition of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.) Stands in Relation to Climate (Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic)

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (-1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Rybníček ◽  
Petr čermák ◽  
Tomáš Žid ◽  
Tomáš Kolář
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Standard Tree

Radial Growth and Health Condition of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies(L.) Karst.) Stands in Relation to Climate (Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic)The research was conducted in selected spruce stands of the Silesian Beskids aged over 70 at altitudes from 403 m a.s.l. to 794 m a.s.l. in 2008. The samples were taken and processed in compliance with standard dendrochronological methodology. Tree rings were measured and the tree-ring curves were synchronized using the PAST4 application. The age trend was removed in the ARSTAN application and the climatic influences were modelled in the DendroClim application. The regional standard tree-ring chronology shows an obvious decrease in the radial increment from the beginning of the 1970s to the mid-1990s. The gradual increase in radial increment which followed in the second half of the 1990s was interrupted in 2000, 2003, and 2006. Most of the years with the decreased radial increment have been confirmed by the analysis of significant negative years. The radial increment statistically significantly correlates with the precipitation in July and September of the previous year, precipitation in June of the year in question and precipitation during the vegetation period. Moreover, the growth of spruce is statistically significantly affected by temperatures in October of the previous year and March of the year in question. Additionally, the paper includes habitual monitoring of trees and the volume of salvage cutting in these districts. The condition of the habit of trees and the development of salvage cuttings agree with the hypothesis about strong stress load or its considerable increase in 2003 and the following years.

DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN ARTIFICIAL PLANTINGS OF NUR-SULTAN CITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N. Kabanov ◽  
◽  
S.A. Kabanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Green Zone

Dendrochronological analysis was carried out in forest cultures of Pinus sylvestris of different ages growing in the green zone of Nur-Sultan city. It was found that the value of the annual radial growth is subject to a cycle with a period of 10-11 years. This is due to climatic conditions, in particular, with periods of solar insolation, which is confirmed by researches of other authors.

scholarly journals How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tamalika Chakraborty ◽  
Albert Reif ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis ◽  
Somidh Saha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Competition

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees are becoming vulnerable to drought, with a warming climate. Existing studies disagree on how radial growth varies in European beech in response to droughts. We aimed to find the impact of multiple droughts on beech trees’ annual radial growth at their ecological drought limit created by soil water availability in the forest. Besides, we quantified the influence of competition and canopy openness on the mean basal area growth of beech trees. We carried out this study in five near-natural temperate forests in three localities of Germany and Switzerland. We quantified available soil water storage capacity (AWC) in plots laid in the transition zone from oak to beech dominated forests. The plots were classified as ‘dry’ (AWC < 60 mL) and ‘less-dry’ (AWC > 60 mL). We performed dendroecological analyses starting from 1951 in continuous and discontinuous series to study the influence of climatic drought (i.e., precipitation-potential evapotranspiration) on the radial growth of beech trees in dry and less-dry plots. We used observed values for this analysis and did not use interpolated values from interpolated historical records in this study. We selected six drought events to study the resistance, recovery, and resilience of beech trees to drought at a discontinuous level. The radial growth was significantly higher in less-dry plots than dry plots. The increase in drought had reduced tree growth. Frequent climatic drought events resulted in more significant correlations, hence, increased the dependency of tree growth on AWC. We showed that the recovery and resilience to climatic drought were higher in trees in less-dry plots than dry plots, but it was the opposite for resistance. The resistance, recovery, and resilience of the trees were heterogeneous between the events of drought. Mean growth of beech trees (basal area increment) were negatively impacted by neighborhood competition and positively influenced by canopy openness. We emphasized that beech trees growing on soil with low AWC are at higher risk of growth decline. We concluded that changes in soil water conditions even at the microsite level could influence beech trees’ growth in their drought limit under the changing climate. Along with drought, neighborhood competition and lack of light can also reduce beech trees’ growth. This study will enrich the state of knowledge about the ongoing debate on the vulnerability of beech trees to drought in Europe.

scholarly journals Response Characteristics of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) Radial Growth to Climate and Drought Variability Reconstruction in Western Liaoning, Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Bao ◽  
Bao
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Western Liaoning ◽  
Chinese Pine ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis Carr ◽  
The North Pacific

Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem health and stability in western Liaoning Province and the southern Horqin sand land, Northeast China, with benefits including sand fixation and soil erosion. In the context of climate change, developing a better understanding of the relationship between climate factors and growth rates of this species will be extremely valuable in guiding management activities and meeting regional conservation objectives. Here, the results based on two groups of tree-ring samples show that the radial growth of Chinese pine is controlled primarily by water conditions. The longer chronology had the highest correlation coefficient with the January–September mean self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI); therefore, drought variability was reconstructed for the period 1859–2014. Statistical analysis showed that our model explained 41.9% of the variance in radial growth during the 1951–2014 calibration period. Extreme dry and wet events, defined as the criteria of one standard deviation less or greater than the mean value, accounted for 19.9% and 18.6% of the 156-year climate record, respectively. During the past century, the regional hydroclimate experienced significant long-term fluctuations. The dry periods occurred from the early-1900s–1930s and 1980s–2000s, and the wet periods occurred from the 1940s–1970s. The drought reconstruction was consistent with the decreasing trend of the East Asian summer monsoon since the late 1970s. The reconstructed temporal patterns in hydroclimate in western Liaoning were closely related to the large-scale climate drivers in the North Pacific and the tropical equatorial Pacific. The teleconnections were confirmed by spatial correlations between the reconstructed sequence and sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific, as well as the correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. Aerosols played an important role in affecting drought variations over the past several decades. Moisture stress caused by global warming and interdecadal changes in the PDO will have long-term effects on the growth of pines in the study area in the future.

Personal and environmental factors contributing to parenting stress among employed and nonemployed women

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Kirby Forgays ◽  
Donald G. Forgays
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Additional Role

Over the past 20 years, significantly more women have returned to the workforce after the birth of their child. Despite gains made by the second women's movement and attendant socio‐political changes, women continue to bear the major parenting responsibilities in addition to household chores. Does this additional role of workforce member result in a more highly stressed mother? This study recruited 120 mothers of infants and toddlers from a range of occupations who provided information on their adjustment to parenting as well as individual difference factors such as maternal self‐confidence, somatic complaints, and Type A behaviour. The results suggest that the level of parenting stress is not related to employment status alone. However, the factors contributing to reported parenting stress do vary by employment status. These results highlight the need to examine the interaction of personal and environmental dimensions when studying this complex area.

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