Jerome Salinger and Heinrich Böll: experience of transcultural creativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Zukhra A. Kuchukova ◽  
◽  
Burkhan A. Berberov ◽  
Liana B. Berberova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

The article examines one of the notable in the history of world literature experiences of transcultural creativity on the material of the novels by the American J. Salinger “The Catcher in the Rye” and the German G. Böll “Through the Eyes of the Clown”, linked not only by intertextual calls, but also by the name of R. Wright-Kovaleva, who translated both novels into Russian. Within the framework of such three-dimensional intercultural communication, a wide range of issues related to the phenomena of literary translation, palimpsest, prototext, comparative studies, game poetics are considered. The cultural codes identified by the method of continuous sampling include “the child as a narrator”, “infantilization of society”, “the disease of historical time”, “the lack of culture of Eros”, “art as a spiritual poison”.

scholarly journals MODERN GEORGIAN COMPARATIVE STUDIES: DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCH, MAIN ISSUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Hrytsyk ◽  
Ivane Mchedeladze
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Material Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Literature

Taking into account the factual material, research methods, and tasks, the authors trace the evolution/changes in Georgian comparative studies. It is notable that typological approaches, along with contact-genetic ones, are now actively used. These changes become firmly established due to the studies of iconic figures and periods, which attract the special attention of the scholars. Eurocentric concepts give place to other ones that have their basis in the study of the national literature and include philosophical, anthropological, psychological, and religious factors in the field of research. A lot of attention has been given to the principles of selecting literary texts for translation. The field of Georgian comparative studies has been remarkably changed/updated in the late 20th — early 21st centuries. Along with historians of literature, the theorists, critics, translators, and specialists in European and Oriental languages have been involved, which affected the level of comparative studies. Among the raised issues are reception, imagology, typology of anti-colonial narratives, genre transformations, postmodern discourse, etc. The character of Georgian-Ukrainian comparative studies changed drastically: it is obvious in the approaches/assessments of literary translation and in all connecting issues in general. Comparative studies came as close as possible to the theory of literature, which let the researchers (R. Khvedelidze, N. Naskidashvili, S. Chkhatarashvili, I. Mchedeladze) update the methodology and intensify their work on the diff erent levels of research, regardless of the presence/absence of contexts. The present surge in Georgian comparative studies started in the 2010s. It is connected to the organization of effective specialized research centers. Of great interest are the comparative studies aiming to show the history of Georgian literature as an individual version of the world literature (I. Ratiani), to identify the features of the Georgian literary canon based on the three main literary models (Middle Ages, Romanticism, post-Soviet), with a focus on the combination of ‘canonical’ and ‘non-canonical’ in innovative writing.

Stranger Fictions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Arabic

Zaynab, first published in 1913, is widely cited as the first Arabic novel, yet the previous eight decades saw hundreds of novels translated into Arabic from English and French. This vast literary corpus influenced generations of Arab writers but has, until now, been considered a curious footnote in the genre's history. Incorporating these works into the history of the Arabic novel, this book offers a transformative new account of modern Arabic literature, world literature, and the novel. This book rewrites the history of the global circulation of the novel by moving Arabic literature from the margins of comparative literature to its center. Considering the wide range of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century translation practices, the book argues that Arabic translators did far more than copy European works; they authored new versions of them, producing sophisticated theorizations of the genre. These translations and the reading practices they precipitated form the conceptual and practical foundations of Arab literary modernity, necessitating an overhaul of our notions of translation, cultural exchange, and the global. The book shows how translators theorized the Arab world not as Europe's periphery but as an alternative center in a globalized network. It affirms the central place of (mis)translation in both the history of the novel in Arabic and the novel as a transnational form itself.

scholarly journals Virtual paleontology: computer-aided analysis of fossil form and function

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran A. Rahman ◽  
Selena Y. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
And Function

‘Virtual paleontology’ entails the use of computational methods to assist in the three-dimensional (3-D) visualization and analysis of fossils, and has emerged as a powerful approach for research on the history of life. Three-dimensional imaging techniques allow poorly understood or previously unknown anatomies of fossil plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, as well as microfossils and trace fossils, to be described in much greater detail than formerly possible, and are applicable to a wide range of preservation types and specimen sizes (Table 1). These methods include non-destructive high-resolution scanning technologies such as conventional X-ray micro-tomography and synchrotron-based X-ray tomography. In addition, form and function can be rigorously investigated through quantitative analysis of computer models, for example finite-element analysis.

scholarly journals Komparatystyka i (inna) Historia Literatury / Comparative Literature Studies and (an Alternative ) History of Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 401-422
Author(s):  
Andrzej Hejmej
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Critical Thought ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Model ◽  
David Damrosch ◽  
History Of Literature

Summary This article examines the relationship between comparative studies and history of literature. While paying special attention to the present-day condition of these two disciplines, the author surveys various approaches, formulated since the early 19th century, which sought to break with the traditional, national model of the history of literature and the ethnocentric model of traditional comparative studies, driven by an impatience with both nationalism and crypto-nationalism. In this context he focuses on the most recent projects of literary history like ‘comparative history of literature’, ‘international history of literature’, ‘transcultural history of literature’, or ‘world literature’ - all of which are oriented towards the international dimension of literary history. The article explores the possible reasons for the late 20th and early 21st- century revival of Goethe’s idea of Weltliteratur (in the critical thought of Pascal Casanova, David Damrosch, and Franco Moretti) and the recent vogue for ‘alternative’ histories of literature produced under the auspices of comparative cultural studies. At the same time it voices some skepticism about the radical reinvention of comparative studies (along the lines of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s Death of a Discipline).

scholarly journals History, people and female characters in “War and Peace” by Leo Tolstoy

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Poltavets
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Issues

The article deals with the female characters in “War and Peace” by Leo Tolstoy. The aim of the article is to advance a new view at Tolstoy’s heroines and to improve and extend the modern ideas of Tolstoy’s gender perceptions. The applied methods are the structural, semiotic and mythopoetics analyses. General opinion about Tolstoy’s gender perceptions is based on the character of Natasha Rostova. The usual approach to the study of Tolstoy’s matrimonial philosophy has passed into belief that Natasha Rostova is the main and the ideal female character in Tolstoy’s novel. So it is generally accepted that Leo Tolstoy gives recognition to the patriarchal family only (Bezukhov’s family in the epilogue of “War and Peace”). But to obtain a fuller understanding of Tolstoy’s gender perceptions it is necessary to introduce the analysis of other female characters. First of all, it is princess Mary. She became aware of the cruelty of war and overcame the tragedy of loneliness. She is a self-sacrificing daughter and aunt (her little nephew is an orphan). So her life is much more sorrowful than Natasha’s. However, her family in the epilogue of “War and Peace” is not patriarchal. Tolstoy represented two kinds of women and two types of families in the epilogue of his novel. According to the traditional view, Tolstoy confines a woman to her family circle, but the character of princess Mary is connected not only with the family problems, but with the problems of philosophy of history, folk confidence, non-resistance and the most profound spiritual achievements of Tolstoy’s as well. The image of Princess Mary Bolkonskaya in Tolstoy’s novel “War and peace” is a rare female image in the history of world literature that invites the reader to discuss a wide range of topical philosophical, religious, and socio-historical issues.

scholarly journals A new concept of three-dimensional study of fiction at the university

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Zukhra A. Kuchukova ◽  
Liana B. Berberova ◽  
Burkhan A. Berberov
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
National Literature ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Universities

The relevance of the study is due to the need to modernize the methodology of teaching literature in Russian regional universities, taking into account the current processes of globalization. The proposed method is conventionally called “Three flanks”, and provides for the study of national literature in close correlation with classical Russian and foreign literature. From the pedagogical standpoint, the system-synergetic approach is especially important for a multiethnic region, such as the North Caucasus. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the expediency and effectiveness of the comparative method of studying fiction and to propose a three-dimensional model, which is currently being tested at the framework of a special course at the Faculty of Philology of Kabardino-Balkarian State University. The authors used comparative-historical, system-structural, and axiological methods of scientific analysis. In order to harmonize the multicultural material, logical principles of analysis were used, namely, classification, typology, generalization, as well as the method of continuous sampling to identify representative texts. The article presents a pedagogical experiment that is currently being conducted in one of the North Caucasus universities. The essence of the experiment is a comparative study of national literature at the level of comparisons with world literature.

scholarly journals The importance of translation in interlingual relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3D) ◽  
pp. 574-581
Author(s):  
Kamala Avadır Jafarova
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Relations ◽  
Strong Culture

The language, culture and literature of any nation become strong when it has a great translation literature. That nation has a strong culture and literature because it translates the spiritual and cultural achievements of other nations into its native language and benefits from them. Rather, any language that translates world literature regardless of their size creates and enriches the spiritual bridge of language relations. From this point of view, the Azerbaijani language is no exception.  The article consists of three parts. The first part deals with the history of inter-linguistic relations, mainly English and Azerbaijani language relations. The second part of the article discusses the history of literary translation in Azerbaijan.   Finally, important part of the translation into and from the Azerbaijani language, are reviewed and analyzed.  The article concludes by making the point that literary translation is a spiritual bridge that connects different languages and cultures, translators are bridge builders.

Ivanova, E., ed. (2018). The biography in cultural history: Collected papers. Moscow: Ruteniya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
L. V. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Files

A review of the collective monograph by researchers of the A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the RAS into the origins and evolution of the biography as a genre. The first section of the book discusses composing a writer’s biography with the examples of Shakespeare and Samuel Johnson, the myth and the truth in Camões’ biography, as well as the specific features of this genre in the Latin American tradition. The second section of the monograph covers the history of the genre in Russia. Here, the authors discuss a wide range of problems, from the historical and cultural context of Simeon Polotsky’s biography to attempts of the genre’s theoretical interpretation. Also considered is P. Furman’s project, a series of biographies adapted for children’s reading. The third section focuses on documents at the source of poets’ biographies, criminal proceedings of the Decembrists, and case files of our contemporaries who fell victim of the Stalin terror.

scholarly journals Donatas Sauka’s Project of Comparative Literature: “Programme Maximum“

Literatūra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Brigita Speičytė
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
World Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
History Of

The article discusses Donatas Sauka’s study An Epilogue of Faust’s Age (1998) in order to assess the reference to “comparative literature science” expressed in the introduction to the study. The psychological and subjective motivation of comparative research arising from the context of the genesis of the work is interpreted: an aim to overcome the cultural isolation of Soviet-era humanitarian and to go beyond the methodologically narrow and largely directive Soviet-era comparative studies.It is argued that An Epilogue of Faust’s Age is a synthetic study in the field of comparative studies and world literature research, the conceptual unity of which is ensured by the attention to the category of the author in modern European literature and the state of modern consciousness revealed therein. Thus, D. Sauka in his study turns from literary comparative studies to the field of cultural studies and the history of ideas by forming a certain classical person of universal culture in the Lithuanian cultural and academic environment.

Group Experiences and Individual Differences in Stuttering

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4335-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth E. Tichenor ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults Who Stutter

Purpose This study explored group experiences and individual differences in the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings perceived by adults who stutter. Respondents' goals when speaking and prior participation in self-help/support groups were used to predict individual differences in reported behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Method In this study, 502 adults who stutter completed a survey examining their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in and around moments of stuttering. Data were analyzed to determine distributions of group and individual experiences. Results Speakers reported experiencing a wide range of both overt behaviors (e.g., repetitions) and covert behaviors (e.g., remaining silent, choosing not to speak). Having the goal of not stuttering when speaking was significantly associated with more covert behaviors and more negative cognitive and affective states, whereas a history of self-help/support group participation was significantly associated with a decreased probability of these behaviors and states. Conclusion Data from this survey suggest that participating in self-help/support groups and having a goal of communicating freely (as opposed to trying not to stutter) are associated with less negative life outcomes due to stuttering. Results further indicate that the behaviors, thoughts, and experiences most commonly reported by speakers may not be those that are most readily observed by listeners.

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