scholarly journals Modelling the Global Prevalence of COVID-19: An Econometric Approach

Growth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Wasiu Adekunle ◽  
Feyisayo Oyolola ◽  
Oluwafemi Atolagbe ◽  
Ademola Abdulbasit ◽  
Taiwo Odugbemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Econometric Approach

Nearly all economies of the world suffered from the sudden outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic emanating from Wuhan City of China to the rest of the world. A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the drivers of the spread of the viral infection. We differ from existing studies by employing a cross-sectional quantile regression approach to uncover socio-economic conditions that are instrumental in the spread of COVID-19 in Africa, Asia, America and Europe. Across the continents, we observed that life expectancy, the size of the aged population and spending on the health sector have significant impacts on the spread of COVID-19. We also noted the specific roles of out-of-pocket spending, net migration and tourism attraction for Africa, America and Europe, respectively, in driving the viral spread. We therefore draw policy implications in terms of the need for improved spending on health sector across continents and the need to intensify health checks for travelers and immigrants, and also the need to emphasize regular check-ups for all individuals across continents since current realities have shown that no age-group is spared of contracting the viral infection.

scholarly journals Modelling the Global Prevalence of COVID-19: An Econometric Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasiu Adekunle ◽  
Feyisayo Oyolola ◽  
Oluwafemi A. Atolagbe ◽  
Abdulhameed A. Ademola ◽  
Taiwo H. Odugbemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Econometric Approach

Abstract Virtually all economies of the world were caught up unawares with the sudden outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus pandemic from Wuhan City of China to the rest of the world. A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the drivers of the spread of the viral infection. To differ with these studies which were mostly epidemiological-based, we employed a cross-sectional quantile regression approach to uncover both the common and region-specific socio-economic conditions that are instrumental in the spread of the pandemic across four continents of the world including Africa, Asia, America and Europe. Across the four continents, we observed that age characteristics proxied by life expectancy and the size of the aged population, as well as, overall spending on the health sector have significant impact on the spread of COVID-19. We also noted the significant roles of out-of-pocket spending on healthcare in the case of Africa, net migration in the case of America and tourism attraction in the case of Europe in driving the prevalence of coronavirus. We therefore draw policy implications in terms of the need for improved spending on health sector across continents and the need to intensify health checks for travelers and immigrants, and also the need to emphasize regular check-ups for all individuals across continents since current realities have shown that no age-group is spared of contracting the viral infection.

scholarly journals HITUNG JENIS LEUKOSIT PADA PASIEN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI VIRUS DENGUE DI MANADO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellisabeth M. Harahap ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Maya F. Memah
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. The decreasing leukocytes can be found between the third and eighth day with normal differential telling. The number of granulocytes decreases on the third until the eighth day. This study used a cross-sectional design. esearch. Samples were children with dengue virus infection at Wolter Mongisidi Hospital, Advent Hospital, and Pancaran Kasih Hospital in Manado from December 2014 until January 2015. There were 36 children as samples. The results showed that 48.6% of samples had increases of basophils, 54% had decreases of eosinophils, 64.8% had decreases of neutrophils, 54% had increases of lymphocytes, and 59.4% had increases of monocytes. Conclusion: In this study, most of the children with dengue viral infection had decreased number of neutrophil.Keywords: dengue viral infection, children, differential count, leukocyteAbstrak: Infeksi virus dengue adalah penyakit virus ditularkan oleh nyamuk dengan penyebaran paling cepat di dunia. Penurunan leukosit dapat dijumpai antara hari ke 1-3 demam dengan hitung jenis yang masih dalam batas normal. Jumlah granulosit menurun pada hari ke 3-8. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hitung jenis leukosit pada anak terinfeksi virus dengue di Manado. bersifat potong lintang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah pasien anak yang terinfeksi virus dengue di RS Wolter Mongisidi Manado, RS Advent Manado, dan RS Pancaran Kasih Manado selama bulan Desember 2014 sampai Januari 2015. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 36 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 48,6% sampel mengalami peningkatan jumlah basofil, 54% penurunan eosinofil, 64,8% penurunan neutrofil, 54% peningkatan limfosit, dan 59,4% peningkatan monosit. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini sebagian besar pasien anak terinfeksi virus dengue menunjukkan penurunan neutrofil.Kata kunci: infeksi virus dengue, anak, hitung jenis, leukosit

scholarly journals The nexus between health status and health expenditure, energy consumption and environmental pollution: Empirical evidence from SAARC-BIMSTEC regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Khosrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the betterment of health status, while also considering health expenditure, energy, and environmental issues. This paper examines the nexus between health status and health expenditure (both public and private), energy consumption and environmental pollution in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region.Methodology: We utilized the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, heterogeneous panel causality test, cross sectional dependence test, cointegration test and Pesaran cross sectional dependent (CADF) unit root test for obtaining estimated results from data over 16 years (2002-2017). Results: Our results authorize the cointegration among the variables used, where energy consumption, public and private health expenditure and economic growth have positive and statistically significant effects and environmental pollution has both negative and significant effects on the health status of these regions in the long-term, but no panel wise significant impact is found in the short-term. Two-way causal relationships between health status and environmental pollution, public and private health expenditure, economic growth and sanitation facilities, and a one-way causality running from energy consumption to health status are presented. Conclusions: The improved health status in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region needs to be protected by articulating the effective policies on both public and private health expenditures, environmental pollution, energy consumption, and economic growth. The attained results are theoretically and empirically consistent, and have important policy implications in the health sector.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B and C among female sex workers in Togo, West Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259891
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Bitty-Anderson ◽  
Valentine Ferré ◽  
Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi ◽  
Martin Kouame Tchankoni ◽  
Arnold Sadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The World

Background Hepatitis B and C are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with prevalence among the highest in the World. However, several challenges impede the progression towards the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 as suggested by the World Health Organization Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis, including the lack of knowledge on the scale of this epidemic in the region. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among female sex workers (FSW) in Togo. Methods This ancillary study from a national cross-sectional bio-behavioral study was conducted in 2017 using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method, in eight towns of Togo among FSW. Socio-demographic, behavioral and sexual characteristics were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for HIV, hepatitis B and C serological testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and a logistic regression model. Results Out of the 1,036 FSW recruited for this study, biological analyses for viral hepatitis were completed for 769 of them. The median age was 26 years [IQR: 22–33] and 49.8% (n = 383) had attained secondary school. The prevalence of hepatitis B was 9.9% [95% CI: (7.9–12.2)] and the prevalence of hepatitis C was 5.3% [95% CI: (3.9–7.2)]. Higher hepatitis B and C prevalence was associated with recruitment out of Lomé (aOR: 6.63; 95%CI: 3.51–13.40, p <0.001 and OR: 2.82; 95% CI: [1.37–5.99]; p<0.001, respectively) and, for hepatitis B, with never using condoms for vaginal intercourse (OR: 3.14; 95%CI: [1.02–8.71]; p<0.05). Conclusions Results from this study reveals high prevalence of hepatitis B and C among FSW in Togo and an opportunity for advocacy toward the introduction of immunizations and treatment in this population.

Institutional frames for financial inclusion of poor households in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1096-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Okello Candiya Bongomin ◽  
Joseph Mpeera Ntayi ◽  
John Munene
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine institutional frames for financial inclusion of poor households in a Sub-Saharan Africa context and provide policy implications in solving the persistent problem of limited inclusion of poor households into mainstream formal financial services in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional research design was used in this study. Data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 200 poor households located in Mukono District. Statistical program for Social Scientists and Analysis of Moment Structures were used to generate results. Findings Results have revealed the presence of regulative, normative, and procedural and declarative cognitive institutional frames, which affect financial inclusion of poor households in rural rural Uganda. The findings and policy implications are discussed in detail in the paper. Originality/value This study parallels the World Bank Global Findex survey (2012) on general aspects of financial inclusion around the world. It examines frames, which structure behaviours and actions of poor households towards their financial decisions and choices in attempting to improve financial inclusion with a major focus on rural Uganda.

scholarly journals The nexus between health status and health expenditure, energy consumption and environmental pollution: empirical evidence from SAARC-BIMSTEC regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Khosrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the betterment of health status, while also considering health expenditure, energy, and environmental issues. This paper examines the nexus between health status and health expenditure (both public and private), energy consumption and environmental pollution in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region. Methods We utilized the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the heterogeneous panel causality test, the cross sectional dependence test, the cointegration test and the Pesaran cross sectional dependent (CADF) unit root test for obtaining estimated results from data over 16 years (2002–2017). Results Our results authorize the cointegration among the variables used, where the coefficients of energy consumption, public and private health expenditures, and economic growth are 0.027, 0.014, 0.030, and 0.029, respectively, and indicating positive and statistically significant effects. The coefficient of environmental pollution is − 0.085, implying significant negative effect on the health status of these regions in the long-run. However, no panel wise significant impact is found in the short-run. Bidirectional and unidirectional causal links between the studied variables and the health status are also identified.. Conclusions The improved health status in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region needs to be protected by articulating the effective policies. The attained results are theoretically and empirically consistent, and have important policy implications in the health sector.

Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Niloofar Deravi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

Policy Review: Dubai Health Authority’s COVID-19 Rapid Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (Special) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World

Dubai Health Authority (DHA) is the entity regulating the healthcare sector in the Emirate of Dubai, ensuring high quality and safe healthcare services delivery to the population. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020, indicating to the world that further infection spread is very likely, and alerting countries that they should be ready for possible widespread community transmission. The first case of COVID-19 in the United Arab Emirates was confirmed on 29th of January 2020; since then, the number of cases has continued to grow exponentially. As of 8th of July 2020 (end of the day), 53,045 cases of coronavirus have been confirmed with a death toll of 327 cases. The UAE has conducted over 3,720,000 COVID-19 tests among UAE citizens and residents over the past four months, in line with the government’s plans to strengthen virus screening to contain the spread of COVID-19. There were vital UAE policies, laws, regulations, and decrees that have been announced for immediate implementation to limit the spread of COVID- 19, to prevent panic and to ensure the overall food, nutrition, and well-being are provided. The UAE is amongst the World’s Top 10 for COVID-19 Treatment Efficiency and in the World’s Top 20 for the implementation of COVID-19 Safety measures. The UAE’s mission is to work towards resuming life after COVID-19 and enter into the recovery phases. This policy research paper will discuss the Dubai Health Authority’s rapid response initiatives towards combating the control and spread of COVID-19 and future policy implications and recommendations. The underlying factors and policy options will be discussed in terms of governance, finance, and delivery.

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Bank: A Case of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility practices of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), Bangladesh and to know the client’s knowledge, feedback, awareness and eagerness towards the CSR activities while choosing a bank. This study also investigates the level of present and expected CSR contribution of this bank. A cross- sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self administered questionnaire and data were collected from 100 clients at South Surma branch. Data were analyzed using SPSS and the findings revealed that CSR activities played an important role for clients to choose a bank. Most of the clients were aware of CSR program and they had positive reaction to CSR practices of DBBL. Clients also suggested to expand CSR practices and they were willing to contribute for social activities financially. The results show the policy implications for business community, citizen, customers, investors, managers and other stakeholders.

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