AMPICILLIN SULBACTAM RESISTANCE PATTERN AS A FIRST-LINE DRUG IN CHILDREN

Infection often occurs in children with malignant hematology and causes morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics should be given based on the results of culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. Ampicillin Sulbactam is a first-line drug in children with infection. The purpose of this study was to obtain an objective overview of Ampicillin Sulbactam resistance patterns of culture in patients hospitalized in pediatric Hemato-Oncology Ward, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. This was a descriptive study. Data on culture and susceptibility test result to Ampicillin Sulbactam were taken from medical records of those patients between September 2012 - February 2013. There were 342 culture examinations in 88 patients (44 girls and 44 boys). Most of the children aged <5 years (58%). Growth of bacterial cultures was obtained in 83 namely Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cepacia, and Klebsiella oxytoca (Gram-negative) and coagulation negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Gram-positive) were found in blood culture. Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and B.cepacia (Gram-negatif) were found in urine. The result of antibiotic susceptibility test culture showed resistance to Ampicillin Sulbactam in E. coli (69%), Burkholderia cepacia (85%), CONS (50%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), K. pneumoniae (85%), Klebsiella oxytoca (50%), and P. aeroginosa (67%). There was ampicillin sulbactam resistance in children hospitalized in pediatric Hemato-Oncology Ward, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya against E. coli (69%), Burkholderia cepacia (85%), CONS (50%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), K.pneumoniae (85%), and Klebsiella oxytoca (50%), P. aeroginosa (67%).

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Laboratory Based Diagnosis of Bacteraemia among Inpatients and Outpatients with Acute Febrile Illness at Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital in Bangladesh

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.34104/ejmhs.020.046051 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Blood Samples ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Bacteraemia is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains is a major problem in its management. To encourage the prudent use of appropriate antibiotics in a tertiary care study was undertaken. A total of 282 patients with suspected bacteraemia from indoor and outdoor patients were included in this study. Blood samples were processed in the microbiology laboratory and bacteria were recognized by standard laboratory methods and then antibiotic susceptibility test was performed following CLSI guidelines. Out of a total of 282 blood samples, 55(19.50%) were culture positive. Among 55 positive cultures, Gram-positive Cocci and Gram-negative Bacilli were 48(87.3%) and 7(12.7%) respectively. The most predominant organisms were Staphylococcus aureus comprising 42(76.36%), followed by Salmonella typhi 4(7.30%), E. coli 2(3.63%) and Acinetobacter spp 1(1.81%). Among the isolated Staphylococcus spp, only 6(10.9%) isolates were Coagulase-Negative (CoNS). In antibiotic susceptibility test, all of the isolated bacterial pathogens were found susceptible to imipenem and meropenem (100%). For Salmonella typhi, all 4 isolated strains were found resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (amoxyclave) and cephradine and 3 out of 4(75%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Most of the Gram-positive Cocci (GPC) were susceptible to levofloxacin (90%), ciprofloxacin (85%), and amikacin (83%). Both of E. coli and Acinetobacter spp were sensitive to amikacin (100%). This study stresses the need for continuous screening and surveillance for antibiotic resistance that would influence appropriate empiric treatment and infection control strategies for bacteremic cases.

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Bloodstream infections initiated by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in neonates and infants at two hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v15i3.27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1222-1233

Author(s):

Carole Suzie Lacmago Titsamp ◽

Hortense Kamga Gonsu ◽

Simon Ngamli Fewou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Neonates And Infants

Early diagnosis and probabilistic antibiotic therapy based on known bacterial ecology and antibiotic sensibility can reduce mortality and morbidity in pathologies caused by a bacterial infection. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from blood cultures of neonates and infants population. We conducted a cross-sectional study during which pathogenic bloodstream isolates were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on Escherichia coli isolates and phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by Escherichia coli was performed by a double-disc synergy test. Over the course of this study, 298 blood cultures were performed and 129 (43.3%) positive cultures were obtained. Of the 129 bacterial isolates, 90 (69.7%) were Escherichia coli and 39 (30.2%) were other bacteria strains that included Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Coagulase-negative staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to cephalosporin, penicillin, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotic families. Further analysis indicated that 31 (34.4%) Escherichia coli strains were ESBL producers and risk factors for bloodstream infection by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were prior to exposure to antibiotics and immune system depression. These findings clearly extend our understanding of the type of resistant initiated by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in bloodstream infection of neonates, and infants and also provides useful information that can guide the establishment of an efficient therapeutic strategy for the community- and hospital-acquired bloodstream infection.

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Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from raw milk of cows at Salah Al -Din province and evaluation of their susceptibility to antibiotic

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i0a.351 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (0A) ◽

pp. 28-31

Author(s):

نهاد عبدالحسين جعفر

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Raw Milk ◽

The Other ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Other Hand ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

The study was designed for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from raw milk of cows at different regions of salah al-din province. A total number of 109 samples were collected form October (2010) to May (2011). The result of study showed that the number of isolates were (14) from (60) positive samples (82.22%). Antibiotic susceptibility test showed different results for susceptibility according to types of antibiotics that used in this study which include the followings: Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Cefoxetine, Methcillin, Ciprofloxacin, Clavulinic acid and Erythromycin. The results showed that 50% of the isolates were susceptible for Methecillin, Cefoxetine, and Clavulanic acid-Amoxycillin), While Erythromycin was active against (79%) of the isolates, and Ampicillin was active against (57%), on the other hand, all isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin which considered the most effective antibiotic against the bacteria in this study (100%).

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Isolation and molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases in broilers

Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences ◽

10.36326/kjvs/2020/0110204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 42-62

Author(s):

Anas Almousawi ◽

Abdullah Alhatami ◽

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Class 1 ◽

Clinical Cases

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a difficult problem in the poultry industry because it causes diseases that are difficult to treat due to the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics and their possession of a battery of virulence and resistance genes in addition to their ability to produce thick biofilms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted to collect a total of 53 samples from different clinical cases in broilers during the period from August 2019 to February 2020 in Al-Najaf and Karbala cities, The clinical isolates were determined by using the conventional standard biochemical tests. All the specimens cultured on blood agar medium supplemented with 5% blood for primary isolation and selected by using selective media mannitol salt agar (MSA) for confirmation the mannitol fermentation, then subjected to gram’s staining, catalase, oxidase, and further slide coagulase test, then all S. aureus isolates tested by antibiotic susceptibility test, and screened for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR for the detection of MRSA isolates, then subjected to the detection of virulence genes (pvl and eta), antibiotic resistance gene (cfr), identification of integron class 1, biofilm formation assay, the multi-druge resistance profiles (MDR) and multible antibiotics resistance (MAR) indexes were calculated. Results: the isolation rate of S. aureus from the broilers' clinical samples was 37.7%. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 85% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotic tested. All 53 isolates were assessed for the presence of mecA and mecC genes by using PCR. The mecA gene-specific PCR product was seen in 7 (35%) isolates and considered as MRSA. Among all S. aureus isolates, two isolates were positive for the eta gene, and 15 (75%) isolates harboring integron class 1, while the biofilm formation test revealed that 7 (35%) was positive biofilm producers and three of them were strong producers, consequentlly, 13 (65%) of the isolates were resisted to three or more antibiotics and considered as MDR strains. While pvl, cfr, and mecC gene were not detected among S. aureus isolates. Conclusion: the current study revealed that S. aureus possess a real threat in the poultry industry reflecting a public health problem due to the large acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by these bacteria, the results indicated a high percentage of isolates having MDR characteristic, and two of them were resistant to all antibiotics tested. In addition to the presence of two MRSA isolates carrying the eta gene, this indicating that they are of human origin.

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Prevalence and Antibiograms of Uropathogens from the Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v15i4.20856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 260-266

Author(s):

Sanjib Adhikari ◽

Sujan Khadka ◽

Sanjeep Sapkota ◽

Jid Chani Rana ◽

Santosh Khanal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Effective Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Tract Infections

Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the uropathogens among the patients attending Bharatpur Hospital. Methods: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients attending Bharatpur Hospital from December 2017 to February 2018. Aseptically collected clean catch mid-stream urine samples from 200 clinically suspected patients were cultured and processed for the identification of the uropathogens in the laboratory using standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates against commonly used antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines 2017. Results: Out of 200 samples collected, 59(29.5%) of the samples showed the presence of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI). Among them, 43(72.9%) were Gram-negative and 16(27.1%) were Gram-positive bacteria. UTI was found to be the most prevalent in females compared to the males and in the age group of 21-30 years. E. coli (72.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (50.0%) were the most predominant Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates respectively. The isolates were resistant to cefpodoxime (54.2%) and least resistant to gentamicin (10.2%). Twenty (33.9%) isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). Conclusions: Higher frequency of antibiotic resistance among UTI patients alerts for continuous surveillance to assure effective control of this infection. Awareness of good hygienic practice especially in females and prudent use of antibiotics in case of infection can be sug-gested. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility test; E. coli; MDR; urine.

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