Analysis of Quality of Antibiotic Usage on Patient with Internal and Surgical Service

It is well-known that hospitals are health facility with the widely use of antibiotics. It is about 13-37% from the total hospitalized patients in developed countries use antibiotic, even in developing countries can reach 30-80%. There is identified correlation between antibiotic use and the development of bacterial resistance. Even though the resistance cannot be eliminated, but its development can be suppressed by the increasing of prudent use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of antibiotic use on internal medicine and surgical patients in Aisiyah Hospital Bojonegoro. The study was a prospective cross sectional observational analytical study of among patients of internal and surgical who received antibiotic therapy in the period of August - September 2017. The total 50 samples were collected in this study which consists of 33 internal medicine and 17 surgical patients. From 50 samples, there were 16 types of antibiotics with the total use of 81 of antibiotic use. As the result, in internal medicine patients there were 22 (40%) of appropriate use of antibiotics, 4 (7.27%) of inappropriate use and 29 (52.73%) use of antibiotics without indication. In surgical patients, there were 12 (46.15%) of appropriate use of antibiotics, 2 (7.69%) of inappropriate use and 12 (46.15%) use of antibiotics without indication. This study showed that more than 50% of antibiotic use were inappropriate, and mainly antibiotic with no indication, among patients hospitalized in Aisyiyah Hospital Bojonegoro.

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Impact of an antimicrobial resistance control program: pre- and post-training antibiotic use in children with typhoid fever

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.4.2016.205-10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 205 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elfrida A. Rachmah ◽

Maftuchah Rochmanti ◽

Dwiyanti Puspitasari

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Good Condition ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pediatric Residents ◽

The Impact

Inappropriate use of antibiotics may lead to antimicrobial resistance. In 2012, Dr. Soetomo Hospital conducted training for pediatric residents on the proper use of antibiotics to limit antimicrobial resistance.Objective To evaluate the impact of a rational, antibiotic-use training program for pediatric residents on their antibiotic prescriptions for patients with typhoid fever.Methods A cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted. We collected data from children with typhoid fever who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, pre- and post-training on antibiotic prescriptions. Children with other known bacterial infections or who were discharged on request were excluded. Antibiotic prescriptions were evaluated using Gyssens algorithm based on the local protocol. Chi-square test was used to compare the quality of antibiotic prescriptions, before (year 2012) and after (year 2013) the training.Results Forty-nine patients with 67 prescriptions in 2012 and 34 patients with 48 prescriptions in 2013 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients’ ages ranged from 1-18 years. Diagnoses of uncomplicated and complicated typhoid were found in 74% and 26% of subjects, respectively. First line (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, ampicillin, trimetroprim and sulfametoxazol) and second line (ceftriaxone and cefixime) use were 72% and 28%, respectively. All patients were discharged in good condition. Appropriate use of antibiotics was noted in 61% of subjects in 2012 and in 81% of subjects in 2013 (P=0.036). The most common type of error in 2012 and 2013 was dosage imprecision (25% and 17%, respectively).Conclusion Training on appropriate use of antibiotics significantly improved the quality of antibiotics prescribed in children with typhoid fever in Dr. Soetomo Hospital.

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Evaluation of the Appropriate Use of Ceftriaxone in Internal Medicine Wards of Wad Medani Teaching Hospital in Sudan

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v7i03.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

pp. 4757-4765

Author(s):

Mohammed I. Malik ◽

Mohmmed Albadawy M. Alagab ◽

Maha Mirghani Maatoug ◽

Fawkia E. Zahran ◽

Abelhameed H. Elmubarak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

Dose Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internal Medicine Wards ◽

Culture And Sensitivity

Background: Antibiotics are one of the commonly prescribed drugs over the world. Overprescribing of antibiotics may result in serious bacterial resistance. The main cause of inappropriate prescription of antibiotics is the absence of guidelines and protocols for its use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate use of ceftriaxone (broad-spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic) in internal medicine wards of Wad Medani teaching hospital in Sudan, as well as comparing its use with reference to the standard of Sudan treatment guidelines and reliable references like British National Formula (BNF) and Sanford guide. Methods: Prospective cross –sectional study conducted in the internal medicine department at Wad Medani Teaching hospital by reviewing the files of all in-patients admitted to medical wards, who received ceftriaxone between November and December, 2018 and the appropriateness use of ceftriaxone was evaluated depending on six criteria: indication, dose, frequency, duration of treatment, culture and sensitivity test and drug –drug interaction Results: A total of 280 admitted patient’s treatment chart containing ceftriaxone injection were analyzed. Ceftriaxone was indicated empirically in 91.1% mostly for respiratory tract infection (35%). Ceftriaxone appropriate dose was given in 59% of patients, inappropriate frequency in 68.9% and incorrect duration in 51.1%. Co-administered drugs with major interaction in 3.6% of patients. Conclusions: This study revealed high inappropriate use of ceftriaxone where it was given without implementing culture and sensitivity test in the majority of patients. This may result in treatment failure so educational programs is recommended to address the irrational use of antibiotic.

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Inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use in children insured by Kentucky Medicaid

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2021.177 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Bethany A. Wattles ◽

Kahir S. Jawad ◽

Yana Feygin ◽

Maiying Kong ◽

Navjyot K. Vidwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Claims Data ◽

Inappropriate Prescribing ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Population Based ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Pharmacy Claims ◽

Medicaid Children

Abstract Objective: To describe risk factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to children. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescribing to children, using Kentucky Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims data, 2017. Participants: Population-based sample of pediatric Medicaid patients and providers. Methods: Antibiotic prescriptions were identified from pharmacy claims and used to describe patient and provider characteristics. Associated medical claims were identified and linked to assign diagnoses. An existing classification scheme was applied to determine appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions. Results: Overall, 10,787 providers wrote 779,813 antibiotic prescriptions for 328,515 children insured by Kentucky Medicaid in 2017. Moreover, 154,546 (19.8%) of these antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate, 358,026 (45.9%) were potentially appropriate, 163,654 (21.0%) were inappropriate, and 103,587 (13.3%) were not associated with a diagnosis. Half of all providers wrote 12 prescriptions or less to Medicaid children. The following child characteristics were associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing: residence in a rural area (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.1), having a visit with an inappropriate prescriber (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 4.1–4.2), age 0–2 years (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.37–1.41), and presence of a chronic condition (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28–1.33). Conclusions: Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to Kentucky Medicaid children is common. Provider and patient characteristics associated with inappropriate prescribing differ from those associated with higher volume. Claims data are useful to describe inappropriate use and could be a valuable metric for provider feedback reports. Policies are needed to support analysis and dissemination of antibiotic prescribing reports and should include all provider types and geographic areas.

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The Prevalence of Disability and Its Relationship With the Demographic Characteristics of the Elderly in Gonabad City, Iran, in 2019

Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/hms.27.1.3325.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 34-47

Author(s):

Saleh Baghery Kakhki ◽

◽

Mehdi Basiri Moghadam ◽

Leila Sadeghmoghadam ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analytical Study ◽

Early Death ◽

The Elderly ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Background History ◽

Literacy Level ◽

Spss Software ◽

Elderly Disability

Aims: Disability reduces the independence and quality of life in the elderlies and it increases their independence and causes increased need of support, more admittance in nursing homes and early death. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of disability and its relationship with the demographic characteristics. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was performed on 470 elderly people aged 60 and over living in Gonabad by random stratified sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic profile questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire from the WHO to assess disability in the elderly. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 14.5 and the Kai Scoyer test and ranked logistic regression. Significant levels of less than 0.05 were considered Findings: 35.6% of the elderly had very low disability, 40.6% had low disability, 15.2% had moderate disability and 8.6% had severe disability. Age (P<0.001), sex (P=0.03), literacy level (P<0.001), and background history (P<0.001) were significant predictors of elderly disability Conclusion: There is a relationship between disability and its level with aging. According to the growth in elderly’s population, paying attention to health and reducing disability and promoting their life’s quality is necessary.

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Study of antimicrobial use in paediatric inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20205430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Hetal N. Jeeyani ◽

Rutvik H. Parikh ◽

Sheena Sivanandan ◽

Harsh J. Muliya ◽

Shivam N. Badiyani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Prescribing Indicators ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean

Background: Inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics are important factors leading to increased bacterial resistance apart from increased risk of adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to derive antibiotic use percentage, study its pattern and compare antibiotic prescribing indicators with standard indicators.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from 1st August 2018 to 31st July 2019 on paediatric inpatients from 1 month to 14 years. All the relevant data was taken from the case records of patients at the time of discharge. The data included: age, sex, hospital stay, clinical diagnosis and details of antimicrobial treatment.Results: From 989 patients, 85.9% were diagnosed with infectious illness, of which 60.1% had viral and 36.7% had bacterial infection. The use of antimicrobial drugs was 42.7% and antibiotics was 40.4%. The mean number of antibiotics received was 1.13±0.31. 90% patients received single antibiotic. 88.8% drugs were prescribed by generic name and 99% drugs were prescribed from essential drug formulary. 17 different antibiotics were used out of which ceftriaxone (62.5%) was the most commonly used. Groupwise, antibiotic use was cephalosporins (68.4%), penicillin (20.2%), aminoglycosides (4.31%), fluoroquinolones (0.9%) and macrolides (0.22%). The use of higher antibiotics like vancomycin (3.86%) and carbapenems (0.68%) was quite less.Conclusions: The antibiotic use in our hospital was higher than the WHO standard but less as compared to majority of other studies. Use of cephalosporins was more and penicillin was less as compared to other studies. This suggests that there is a need of implementing antibiotic stewardship programs to enhance rational antibiotic prescribing.

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Musculoskeletal Disorders and Quality of Life of Sugarcane Farmers in the Northeast of Thailand: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2019/41844.12924 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Narupawan Prommawai ◽

Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽

Kessarawan Nilvarangkul

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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The Prevalence of Disability and Its Relationship With the Demographic Characteristics of the Elderly in Gonabad City, Iran, in 2019

Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/hms.27.1.3316.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 34-47

Author(s):

Saleh Baghery Kakhki ◽

◽

Mehdi Basiri Moghadam ◽

Leila Sadeghmoghadam ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analytical Study ◽

Early Death ◽

The Elderly ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Background History ◽

Literacy Level ◽

Spss Software ◽

Elderly Disability

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Factors associated to quality of life in people with intestinal stomas

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2020-0377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Iraktânia Vitorino Diniz ◽

Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes Costa ◽

João Agnaldo Nascimento ◽

Isabelle Pereira da Silva ◽

Ana Elza Oliveira de Mendonça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Well Being ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Characteristics Method ◽

Spiritual Well Being ◽

Intestinal Stoma ◽

Psychological Dimensions

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the quality of life of people with intestinal stoma and its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with people with intestinal stoma. An instrument was used for sociodemographic and clinical characterization: COH-QOL-OQ, validated in Brazil. Results: The sample included 152 people with stomas. There were significant differences among all dimensions (p-value < 0.01) of quality of life. The dimension spiritual well-being had the highest mean, with 6.69 (±1.56), followed by the psychological well-being dimension, 5.00 (±1.94), social well-being, 4.63 (±1.83), and physical well-being, 4.54 (±1.77). Marital status, religion, type of stoma, and permanence had statistically significant associations with dimensions of quality of life (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The assessment of quality of life in people with intestinal stoma presented lower scores in the physical, social, and psychological dimensions. There was an association between better quality of life scores and people with definitive ileostomy, in a domestic partnership and practicing other religions.

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Assessment of General Public’s Knowledge and Opinions towards Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Setting, Rufisque, Senegal

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy6040103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oumar Bassoum ◽

Ndèye Sougou ◽

Mayassine Diongue ◽

Mamadou Lèye ◽

Mouhamad Mbodji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Campaigns

Background: Bacterial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. One solution to this scourge is to sensitize the general public on rational use of antibiotics. Our goal was to assess people’s knowledge and opinions about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in an urban setting. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling was done. A questionnaire was administered to 400 persons during face-to-face interviews. Results: Most respondents thought that antibiotics are effective against colds/flu (69.8%), cough (72.3%) and sore throat (64.4%). At the same time, 42.8% stated that antibiotic therapy can be stopped as soon as the symptoms disappear. Only 8.8% and 41.8% of people knew that handwashing and vaccination prevented bacterial resistance. Globally, 7% of people had a good knowledge. Socio-demographic variables were not associated with the level of knowledge. The main sources of information were entourage and pharmacy staff. Regarding the opinions, 78.3% of surveyed participants the people thought that that people overuse antibiotics. Additionally, 28% said that they have no role to play against bacterial resistance. Conclusion: People living in an urban setting had a low knowledge about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance. There is a need to implement awareness campaigns. Further studies on population practices toward antibiotic use are necessary.

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Knowledge and Expectations on Antibiotic Use among Older Adults in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Geriatrics ◽

10.3390/geriatrics4040061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lai San Kong ◽

Farida Islahudin ◽

Leelavathi Muthupalaniappen ◽

Wei Wen Chong

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

The Body ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Antibiotics are commonly prescribed among older adults, and inappropriate use of antibiotics has been noted. However, there is limited information about their knowledge and expectations for antibiotics. This study aimed to assess older adults’ knowledge of antibiotic use and resistance, their expectations for antibiotics and the relationship between knowledge, expectation and inappropriate practices related to antibiotic use. A cross-sectional survey involving respondents aged 60 years and above was conducted, using a validated questionnaire. A lack of knowledge about the role of antibiotics was observed, whereby more than half of the respondents incorrectly believed that antibiotics can treat viral infections (53.5%) and colds and coughs (53.7%). Also, 67.9% of respondents incorrectly believed that antibiotic resistance occurs when the body becomes resistant to antibiotics. Almost half of the respondents would expect antibiotics for symptoms of self-limiting viral infections. Respondents who answered correctly for the role of antibiotics in viral infections were more likely not to expect antibiotics for cold, flu and cough (p < 0.001). Respondents who answered correctly regarding the need to adhere to antibiotics were more likely to have completed their antibiotic course (p < 0.001). Future educational initiatives should provide key information on the role of antibiotics and the importance of complying with antibiotics in this population.

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