scholarly journals Differences of Streptococcus mutans adhesion between artificial mouth systems: a dinamic and static methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Aryan Morita ◽  
H. Dedy Kusuma Yulianto ◽  
Susmira Delta Kusdina ◽  
Nunuk Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Artificial Mouth

Background: Various materials have been used for treating dental caries. Dental caries is a disease that attacks hard tissues of the teeth. The initial phase of caries is a formation of bacterial biofilm, called as dental plaque. Dental restorative materials are expected for preventing secondary caries formation initiated by dental plaque. Initial bacterial adhesion is assumed to be an important stage of dental plaque formation. Bacteria that recognize the receptor for binding to the pellicle on tooth surface are known as initial bacterial colonies. One of the bacteria that plays a role in the early stage of dental plaque formation is Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Artificial mouth system (AMS) used in bacterial biofilm research on the oral cavity provides the real condition of oral cavity and continous and intermittent supply of nutrients for bacteria. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the profile of S. mutans bacterial adhesion as the primary etiologic agent for dental caries between using static method and using artificial mouth system, a dinamic. method (AMS). Method: The study was conducted at Faculty of Dentistry and Integrated Research and testing laboratory (LPPT) in Universitas Gadjah Mada from April to August 2015. Composite resin was used as the subject of this research. Twelve composite resins with a diameter of 5 mm and a width of 2 mm were divided into two groups, namely group using static method and group using dynamic method. Static method was performed by submerging the samples into a 100µl suspension of 1.5 x 108 CFU/ml S. mutans and 200µl BHI broth. Meanwhile AMS method was carried out by placing the samples at the AMS tube drained with 20 drops/minute of bacterial suspension and sterile aquadest. After 72 hours, five samples from each group were calculated for their biofilm mass using 1% crystal violet and read by a spectrofotometer with a wavelength of 570 nm. Meanwhile, one sample from each group was taken for its surface image using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Result: The results showed that S. mutans biofilm mass in the group using static method was 0.34, while in the group using AMS method was 0.09. The results of the statistical analysis then showed that there was a significant difference (p=0.02) in the formation of bacterial biofilm mass between those groups. SEM image in the group using static method also showed that the attachment of S. mutans was more numerous and had a longer chain than in the group using AMS method. Conclusion: There is a difference in the profile of S. mutans bacterial adhesion between using AMS method and static method.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus mutans in heart valve and dental plaque specimens from a patient with infective endocarditis

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Nomura ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakano ◽  
Hirotoshi Nemoto ◽  
Kazuyo Fujita ◽  
Satoko Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Streptococcus mutans, known to be an aetiologic agent of dental caries, also causes infective endocarditis (IE), although a comparison of isolates from the oral cavity and infected heart valve of the same patient has not been reported. In the present study, infected heart valve and dental plaque samples from a patient with IE were analysed. Broad-range PCR with DNA sequencing revealed that 50 clones from the dental plaque isolates were composed of oral streptococci and periodontopathic bacteria, whereas only Streptococcus mutans was detected in 50 clones from the heart valve. Eighteen strains of Streptococcus mutans were isolated from dental plaque and seven from the heart valve, and the biochemical properties of each were in accordance with those of Streptococcus mutans. DNA fingerprinting analysis revealed that all the oral isolates of Streptococcus mutans had similar patterns, which were different from those of the isolates from the infected heart valve. Western blotting using glucosyltransferase (GTF)-specific antiserum showed that the seven strains from the heart valve lacked the three types of intact GTF. In addition, the sucrose-dependent adhesion rates of these isolates were significantly lower than those of the oral isolates (P<0.001). Furthermore, the isolates from the heart valve were less susceptible to erythromycin and kanamycin. These results indicate that the properties of the Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from the infected valve were different from those of typical oral strains, which may be related to the effects of IE.

scholarly journals The forming of bacteria biofilm from Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as a marker for early detection in dental caries and periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Listiana Kriswandini ◽  
Diyatri I ◽  
Tantiana ◽  
Nuraini P ◽  
Berniyanti T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Sds Page

Background: This is an initial study of the biofilm of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a). S. mutans and A.a are bacteria that cause infection diseases in the oral cavity. These bacteria have the ability to form biofilms. The study of bacterial biofilm proteins was used as an alternative to early prevention for oral infections. It would be used for the purpose of creating a marker for Infection Detection Kit in the oral cavity. Objective: To easily detect caries or Periodontitis with the biofilms of S. mutans and A.a at the early stage. The forming of biofilm proteins from S.mutans and A.a induced with 5% glucose, 5% lactose, 5% soy protein, and 5% iron will be use as a marker for early detection to Dental caries and Periodontitis. Methods: SDS-PAGE electrophoresis technique was used in the study to measure the molecular weight of S. mutans and A.a biofilms induced with 5% glucose, 5% lactose, 5% soy protein, and 5% iron. Results: Biofilm bands of S. mutans and A.a were formed with the various numbers depending on the induction used. These results are early chararterization of biofilm that will beused as a marker for early detection of infectious diseases in oral cavity (Dental Caries and Periodontitis). Conclusions: S. mutans bacteria induced with 5% glucose had one band of biofilm protein, with 5% lactose had four bands of biofilm proteins, and with soy protein had seven bands of biofilm protein, but with 5% iron did not produce any protein bands and neither did A.a.

scholarly journals Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Preliminary Characterization of Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction of Glucosyltransferase B of Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984933
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Mieher ◽  
Norbert Schormann ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Champion Deivanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Persistent Disease ◽  
X Ray

Dental caries characterized by acid damage of tooth enamel is a persistent disease that begins with the formation of biofilms on the tooth surface. The secreted glucosyltransferases enable Streptococcus mutans to synthesize extracellular glucan polymers using ingested starch within the oral cavity, which eventually results in the production of acid, a contributing factor to cariogenesis. In this paper, we report the cloning, expression, purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray diffraction characterization of glucosyltransferase B.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Mutacin B-Ny266, a Lantibiotic Active against Caries Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Dufour ◽  
Abdelahhad Barbour ◽  
Yuki Chan ◽  
Marcus Cheng ◽  
Taimoor Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

ABSTRACT Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized proteinaceous antibacterial peptides. They selectively interfere with the growth of other bacteria. The production and secretion of bacteriocins confer a distinct ecological advantage to the producer in competing against other bacteria that are present in the same ecological niche. Streptococcus mutans, a significant contributor to the development of dental caries, is one of the most prolific producers of bacteriocins, known as mutacins in S. mutans. In this study, we characterized the locus encoding mutacin B-Ny266, a lantibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity. The chromosomal locus is composed of six predicted operon structures encoding proteins involved in regulation, antimicrobial activity, biosynthesis, modification, transport, and immunity. Mutacin B-Ny266 was purified from semisolid cultures, and two inhibitory peptides, LanA and LanA′, were detected. Both peptides were highly modified. Such modifications include dehydration of serine and threonine and the formation of a C-terminal aminovinyl-cysteine (AviCys) ring. While LanA peptide alone is absolutely required for antimicrobial activity, the presence of LanA′ enhanced the activity of LanA, suggesting that B-Ny266 may function as a two-peptide lantibiotic. The activation of lanAA′ expression is most likely controlled by the conserved two-component system NsrRS, which is activated by LanA peptide but not by LanA′. The chromosomal locus encoding mutacin B-Ny266 was not universally conserved in all sequenced S. mutans genomes. Intriguingly, the genes encoding LanAA′ peptides were restricted to the most invasive serotypes of S. mutans. IMPORTANCE Although dental caries is largely preventable, it remains the most common and costly infectious disease worldwide. Caries is initiated by the presence of dental plaque biofilm that contains Streptococcus mutans, a species extensively characterized by its role in caries development and formation. S. mutans deploys an arsenal of strategies to establish itself within the oral cavity. One of them is the production of bacteriocins that confer a competitive advantage by targeting and killing closely related competitors. In this work, we found that mutacin B-Ny266 is a potent lantibiotic that is effective at killing a wide array of oral streptococci, including nearly all S. mutans strains tested. Lantibiotics produced by oral bacteria could represent a promising strategy to target caries pathogens embedded in dental plaque biofilm.

scholarly journals Dental caries and plaque formation from diets containing sucrose or glucose in gnotobiotic rats infected with Streptococcus strain IB-1600

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Grenby ◽  
Frances M. Paterson ◽  
R. A. Cawson
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference

1. Techniques were devised for the operation of a new small-scale gnotobiotic rat unit.2. The unit was then used to compare the cariogenicity of sucrose and glucose under carefully controlled conditions in the presence of a single strain of a streptococcus, as gnotobiotic experiments by other workers had given conflicting results.3. Streptococcus IB-1600 was implanted into thirty-four rats, which were then fed on high-sugar diets under gnotobiotic conditions for 5 or 8 weeks from weaning. The level of caries was significantly higher on the sucrose than on the glucose diet, but there was no significant difference in the extent of soft coronal dental plaque.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8724 towards Streptococcus mutans- and Candida albicans-Induced Caries in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qiuxiang Zhang ◽  
Sujia Qin ◽  
Xianyin Xu ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Streptococcus mutans is a recognized cariogenic bacterium and a major producer of biofilm matrix. The presence of Candida albicans in dental plaque with S. mutans enhances the virulence leading to the onset of rampant caries which is similar to early childhood caries (ECC). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8724 (CCFM8724) on the treatment and prevention of dental caries induced by S. mutans and C. albicans in vivo. Rats were divided into 6 groups: the control group and model group, 2 treatment groups, and 2 prevention groups (0.02% chlorhexidine or CCFM8724). The fluctuation of microbial colonization and the change of bacteria flora in rat oral cavity after sowing of L. plantarum CCFM8724 were investigated by colony-forming units (CFU) and microflora analysis. The caries of rats were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and Keyes scoring method. The results showed that L. plantarum CCFM8724 in both the treatment and prevention groups could significantly decrease the population of S. mutans and C. albicans in the rats’ oral cavity ( p < 0.001 ), the mineral loss of enamel ( p < 0.05 ), and the scores of caries ( p < 0.05 ). Besides, L. plantarum CCFM8724 exhibited better effects than chlorhexidine. Hence, L. plantarum CCFM8724 was proved to be a potential oral probiotic on caries treatment and prevention in vivo and it may have the prospect of application in dental caries (especially ECC) prevention products.

scholarly journals Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Stearate Inhibits the Growth of Streptococcus mutans: A Promising New Approach in Caries Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Melok ◽  
Lee Lee ◽  
Siti Mohamed Yussof ◽  
Tinchun Chu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Green Tea Polyphenol

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main etiological bacteria present in the oral cavity that leads to dental caries. All of the S. mutans in the oral cavity form biofilms that adhere to the surfaces of teeth. Dental caries are infections facilitated by the development of biofilm. An esterified derivative of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S), was used in this study to assess its ability to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans. The effect of EGCG-S on bacterial growth was evaluated with colony forming units (CFU) and log reduction; biofilm formation was qualitatively determined by Congo red assay, and quantitatively determined by crystal violet assay, fluorescence-based LIVE/DEAD assays to study the cell viability, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological changes. The results indicated that EGCG-S was able to completely inhibit growth and biofilm formation at concentrations of 250 µg/mL. Its effectiveness was also compared with a commonly prescribed mouthwash in the United States, chlorhexidine gluconate. EGCG-S was shown to be equally effective in reducing S. mutans growth as chlorhexidine gluconate. In conclusion, EGCG-S is potentially an anticariogenic agent by reducing bacterial presence in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Density of Streptococcus mutans biofilm protein induced by glucose, lactose, soy protein and iron

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Indah Listiana Kriswandini ◽  
Indeswati Diyatri ◽  
Intan Amalia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Lactose Induction ◽  
Oral Environment

Background: Caries constitute an infectious disease that result from the interaction of bacteria with the host and the oral environment. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) represents the main bacterium that causes caries. The ability of S. mutans to form biofilms in the oral cavity is influenced by daily nutrient intake. This study of bacterial biofilm proteins can be used in the manufacture of kits for the detection of infectious diseases such as caries in the oral cavity. A biomarker is required for the manufacture of the detection kit. Consequently, research must first be conducted to determine the molecular weight and density of S. mutans biofilm proteins induced by several different daily nutrients, namely; 5% glucose, 5% lactose, soy protein and 5% iron. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the density of S. mutans biofilm protein induced by 5% glucose, 5% lactose, soy protein, and 5% iron. Methods: The density of the S. mutans biofilm protein bands induced were measured using EZ Imager Gel DocTM software. Results: A band of biofilm protein (61.7 kDa) was obtained from S. mutans induced by 5% glucose, four bands of biofilm protein (180 kDa; 153,9 kDa; 43,9 kDa; 37,5 kDa) from 5% lactose induction and seven bands of biofilm protein (157,9 kDa; 86,6 kDa; 66,5 kDa; 50,1 kDa; 37,9 kDa; 32,3 kDa; 29,4 kDa) from soy protein induction. In contrast, S. mutans induced by 5% iron did not show any protein bands. The proteins that result from each inducer are of differing densities. Conclusion: The protein bands from each inducer are of different densities which can be used in the further test to make a biomarker for dental caries detection kits.

scholarly journals Disruption of L-Rhamnose Biosynthesis Results in Severe Growth Defects in Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Bischer ◽  
Christopher J. Kovacs ◽  
Roberta C. Faustoferri ◽  
Robert G. Quivey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Growth

ABSTRACT The rhamnose-glucose cell wall polysaccharide (RGP) of Streptococcus mutans plays a significant role in cell division, virulence, and stress protection. Prior studies examined function of the RGP using strains carrying deletions in the machinery involved in RGP assembly. In this study, we explored loss of the substrate for RGP, l-rhamnose, via deletion of rmlD (encoding the protein responsible for the terminal step in l-rhamnose biosynthesis). We demonstrate that loss of rhamnose biosynthesis causes a phenotype similar to strains with disrupted RGP assembly (ΔrgpG and ΔrgpF strains). Deletion of rmlD not only caused a severe growth defect under nonstress growth conditions but also elevated susceptibility of the strain to acid and oxidative stress, common conditions found in the oral cavity. A genetic complement of the ΔrmlD strain completely restored wild-type levels of growth, whereas addition of exogenous rhamnose did not. The loss of rhamnose production also significantly disrupted biofilm formation, an important aspect of S. mutans growth in the oral cavity. Further, we demonstrate that loss of either rmlD or rgpG results in ablation of rhamnose content in the S. mutans cell wall. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of rhamnose production in both the fitness and the ability of S. mutans to overcome environmental stresses. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus mutans is a pathogenic bacterium that is the primary etiologic agent of dental caries, a disease that affects billions yearly. Rhamnose biosynthesis is conserved not only in streptococcal species but in other Gram-positive, as well as Gram-negative, organisms. This study highlights the importance of rhamnose biosynthesis in RGP production for protection of the organism against acid and oxidative stresses, the two major stressors that the organism encounters in the oral cavity. Loss of RGP also severely impacts biofilm formation, the first step in the onset of dental caries. The high conservation of the rhamnose synthesis enzymes, as well as their importance in S. mutans and other organisms, makes them favorable antibiotic targets for the treatment of disease.

The rnc Gene Regulates the Microstructure of Exopolysaccharide in the Biofilm of Streptococcus mutans through the β-Monosaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Yangyu Lu ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Mengying Mao ◽  
Jiaqi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Glycosidic Bond ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Overexpression Strain ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Biofilm Development

Streptococcus mutans is known as the crucial pathogen of human dental caries, owing to its contribution to the biofilm development via the capacity of synthesizing exopolysaccharide (EPS), which mainly compose of α-glycosidic bond and β-glycosidic bond. β-glycosidic bond is less flexible than α-glycosidic bond because of differences between their configurational properties. Previous studies have shown that the rnc gene is implicated in the EPS formation and the cariogenicity of S. mutans. However, the effects of rnc on the microstructure of EPS have been not well-understood yet. Here, we further investigated how the rnc gene worked to modulate microstructural properties of the extracellular polysaccharide of S. mutans using glycomics methods. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer showed that the proportion of glucose was decreased in water-soluble EPS and galactose was absent in water-insoluble EPS from the S. mutans rnc-deficient strain (Smurnc), compared with the isogenic wild-type strain (UA159). The composition of functional groups and the displacement of hydrogen bond were analyzed by infrared radiation and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. In addition, phenotypic modulation of the biofilm matrix was assessed by microscopy. We found that the EPS of UA159 and the rnc overexpression strain (Smurnc+) mainly consisted of β-glycosidic bonds. Conversely, the EPS of Smurnc were made up of mostly α-glycosidic bonds, leading to the attenuation of biofilm biomass and bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the existence of β-glycosidic bond was verified by enzyme digestion. Collectively, the rnc gene modulates the conversion of β-glycosidic bonds, which may play important roles in regulating the micromolecule structure of the EPS matrix, thus affecting the characteristics of S. mutans biofilm. These data illustrate that β-glycosidic bonds mediated by rnc may be potential targets for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.

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