Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pengguna Jasa Penerbangan  di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused passenger demand to drop drastically as a result of travel restrictions and passengers' distrust of flying. However, this does not mean that passengers will not be traveling by plane during a pandemic. Passengers can be at risk of experiencing losses, one of which is the result of errors or negligence on the part of the airline company during the COVID-19 pandemic. Losses that can be suffered by passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as flight delays cancellation of flights, denied boarding passengers, bodily injuries, and even death. For this reason, it is necessary to have legal protection for airline passengers to protect the rights of passengers so that health, security and safety of passengers are guaranteed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19; Airline Liability; Flight Compensation.AbstrakPandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan permintaan penumpang menurun secara drastis sebagai akibat dari pembatasan perjalanan dan ketidakpercayaan penumpang untuk melakukan penerbangan. Akan tetapi, hal ini bukan berarti tidak ada penumpang yang melakukan perjalanannya dengan pesawat dalam masa pandemi. Penumpang dapat beresiko mengalami kerugian yang salah satunya merupakan akibat dari adanya kesalahan atau kelalaian dari pihak perusahaan maskapai di masa pandemi COVID-19. Kerugian yang dapat diderita penumpang dalam masa pandemi COVID-19 seperti keterlambatan penerbangan (delay), pembatalan penerbangan (cancellation of flight), denied boarding passenger, bodily injury, hingga kematian. Untuk itu perlu adanya perlindungan hukum bagi penumpang pesawat untuk melindungi hak penumpang sehingga kesehatan, keamanan, dan keselamatan penumpang terjamin dalam masa pandemi COVID-19.Kata Kunci: COVID-19; Tanggung Gugat Perusahaan Maskapai; Ganti Rugi Penerbangan.

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KOMPENSASI SEBAGAI BENTUK TANGGUNG JAWAB PIHAK MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN DALAM KETERLAMBATAN JADWAL PENERBANGAN KOMERSIAL DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Privat Law ◽

10.20961/privat.v7i1.30140 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Asmarsha Qathrinada , ◽

Pranoto ,

Keyword(s):

Deductive Reasoning ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Air Transportation ◽

Air Transport ◽

Flight Delays ◽

Reasoning Patterns ◽

The Government ◽

Flight Delay ◽

Secondary Materials

Abstract This article aims to find out how legal protection is provided to passengers in commercial air transport activities in Indonesia, especially regarding airline responsibilities to passengers and the compensation provided in case of flight delays due to negligence of the carrier. This research is performed with legal research, using prescriptive characteristic. The research is using statute approach by reviewing the regulations related to the issues. The source of the research is derived from primary legal materials namely legislation, secondary materials from legal literatures, as well as tertiary or non-legal legal material. The collection of legal materials was done by literature studies, and analyzed with deductive reasoning patterns. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the regulation of compensations given by the airlines to passengers has been quite well regulated in the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 89 of 2015, but in the implementation, the government is still less firm in cracking down on airlines that do not carry out their responsibility of the compensation regulated in Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 77 in year 2011. Keywords: compensation; flight delay; commercial air transportation.Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada penumpang dalam kegiatan angkutan udara komersial di Indonesia, khususnya mengenai tanggung jawab maskapai penerbangan terhadap penumpang serta apa kompensasi yang diberikan apabila terjadi penundaan penerbangan karena kelalaian pihak pengangkut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian hukum dan bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian berupa pendekatan undang-undang dengan menelaah regulasi yang besangkutan dengan isu yang penulis angkat dalam penulisan ini. Sumber penelitian berasal dari bahan hukum primer yaitu perundang-undangan, bahan sekunder dari kepustakaan hukum, serta bahan hukum tersier atau non-hukum. Pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan, dan menganalisis dengan pola penalaran deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaturan mengenai kompensasi yang diberikan oleh maskapai penerbangan terhadap penumpang telah cukup baik diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 89 Tahun 2015, namun dalam pelaksanaannya pemerintah masih kurang tegas dalam menindak maskapai yang tidak melaksanakan tanggung jawabnya untuk memberikan kompensasi sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77 Tahun 2011. Kata kunci: kompensasi; keterlambatan penerbangan; pengangkutan udara komersial.

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Assessing the effects of flight delays, distance, number of passengers and seasonality on revenue

Kybernetes ◽

10.1108/k-01-2018-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

pp. 2138-2149

Author(s):

Murat Guven ◽

Eyup Calik ◽

Basak Cetinguc ◽

Bulent Guloglu ◽

Fethi Calisir

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Flight Delays ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Common Correlated Effects ◽

Flight Delay ◽

Airline Company

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of flight delays, distance, number of passengers and seasonality on revenue in the Turkish air transport industry. Design/methodology/approach The domestic return routes of a Turkish airline company were examined to address this issue. Among five cities and six airports, 14 major domestic return routes were selected. The augmented mean group (AMG) estimator and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimator were conducted with a two-way fixed effects (FE) robustness test in this study. Findings The results show that arrival flight delay and departure flight delay had negative effects on revenue, whereas the distance between airports, the number of air passengers and seasonality had positive effects on revenue. Research limitations/implications The data used in this study were retrieved from a Turkish airline company; for future research, other airline companies operating in Turkey may be included. Practical implications These findings could be evaluated by air transportation leaders to provide a guide to make strategic decisions to achieve greater performance in this competitive environment. Originality/value The originality of the paper comes from the facts that besides distance and number of passengers, the authors control for the seasonality when assessing the effects of flight delay on revenue; they use panel data techniques, which permit them to control for individual heterogeneity, and create more variability, more efficiency and less collinearity among the variables; they use two recent panel data techniques, CCEMG and AMG, allowing for cross-section dependence.

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MARRIAGE RIGHTS OF AFGHAN WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL PRACTICES AND LEGISLATION PROTECTION

AHKAM Jurnal Ilmu Syariah ◽

10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1278 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Aunurrochim Mas’ad ◽

Mariam Saidona Tagoranao ◽

Hekmatullah Muradi ◽

Faiz Murad

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Civil Law ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Equal Protection ◽

Traditional Practices ◽

Afghan Women

Marriage Rights of Afghan Women in Traditional Practices and Legal Protection. This paper aims to reviewthe role of law for equal protection of women inAfghanistan and offers recommendations so that their marriage rights areprotected by civil law. Although the civil law of Afghanistanmentions guarantees and protections of marriage rights of women, however, they are still at risk of being subjected to harmfultreatment, customs, or traditions which are practiced in Afghanistan. Therefore, this paper is important in finding a solution to theproblems of women in Afghanistan until they obtain duly protectedrights by law.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1278

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KONSEP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI TENAGA MEDIS DALAM PENANGANAN COVID 19

Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi ◽

10.20961/hpe.v9i1.52619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Dyah Tri Handini

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Immune System ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Medical Practice ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

Employment Law ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

The Republic

This article aims to understand the concept of legal protection for medical personnel in handling COVID-19. The increase in the incidence of covid 19 has an impact on the workload experienced by medical personnel, causing a decrease in the immune system of medical personnel. Most people who think that covid 19 is just a conspiracy have an impact on reducing public awareness in preventing covid 19. People who lack awareness of the importance of the covid 19 protocol will result in medical personnel being more at risk of being exposed to and experiencing covid 19. The results of this article show that there has been legal protection for medical personnel in handling COVID-19, both criminal law protection and employment law. The conclusion of this article is that the aspect of legal protection for medical personnel is contained in the codeki, Law R1 NO 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice, especially Article 48 concerning Medical Secrets, Regulations of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 269 and 290 and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.Keywords: Legal Protection, Medical Personnel, Covid-19. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk megetahui konsep perlindungan hukum bagi tenaga medis dalam penanganan covdi 19. Peningkatan kejadian covid 19 berdampak pada beban kerja yang dialami oleh tenaga medis sehingga meyebabkan penurunan sistem imun pada tenaga medis. Kebanyakan masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa covid 19 hanyalah sebuah konspirasi berdampak pada berkurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam pencegahan covid 19. Masyarakat yang kurang kesadaran akan pentingnya protokol covid 19 akan mengakibatkan tenaga medis lebih berisiko terpapar dan mengalami covid 19. Hasil artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa telah adanya perlidungan hukum bagi tenaga medis dalam penanganan covid 19, baik perlindungan hukum pidana maupun hukum ketenagakerjaan. Kesimpulan artikel ini bahwa aspek perlindungan hukum bagi tenaga medis tertuang pada kodeki, UU R1 NO 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktek Kedokteran, khususnya pasal 48 tentang Rahasia Kedokteran, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia nomor 269 dan 290 serta Kemenkes RI.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Tenaga Medis, Covid-19

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Legal Protection of Children from Recruitment and Participation in Hostilities in the Light of the Provisions of the International Law and Iraqi National Legislations

Al-Adab Journal ◽

10.31973/aj.v1i126.73 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (126) ◽

pp. 474-503

Author(s):

Firas Naeem Jassim

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

International Law ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Community Members ◽

The Third ◽

Terrorist Groups

Children are the most community members who are at risk of getting harm and be in danger at the time of armed conflicts, and often the parties of the conflicts exploit children by recruiting them and engaging them in hostilities. This phenomenon is one of the serious violations done by terrorist groups that emerged after 2003 and suffered by Iraqi children. This research falls into three parts. The first part deals with the recruitment and involvement of children in hostilities and the resulted consequences. The second part sheds light on the international guarantees for the protection of children from recruitment and participation in hostilities. The third part describes the legal protection of children from recruitment and participation in hostilities in the light of Iraqi legislations. The research ends up with the conclusions as well as recommendations that may contribute to enhancing the protection of children involved in armed conflicts.

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Legal Protection Against Banks As A New Creditural Candidate In Take Over Credit Process

Unram Law Review ◽

10.29303/ulrev.v2i2.45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 126-140

Author(s):

Himawan Sutanto ◽

Hanif Nur Widhiyanti ◽

Istislam Istislam

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Research Method ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Legal Issues ◽

Binding Process ◽

Research Journal ◽

Legal Relationship ◽

The Status

This research journal discusses legal issues relating legal protection of the bank as a prospective new creditor in the process of taking over credit. Where there is no certainty of legal relationship between new creditor candidate with debtor. The Bank as a prospective new creditor can not ensure the release of roya letter on the same day as the binding, so there is no certainty of guarantee status. Bank as a potential creditor becomes a vulnerable party at risk of loss. This study aims to determine and analyze the presence or absence of legal relationship between the bank as a new creditor candidate with the debtor and to know the form of legal protection against the bank as a new creditor candidate in the process of taking over credit that is not in accordance with applicable rules. The research method used by the author is the approach of legislation (statute approach) and case approach (case approach).The absence of a strong legal relationship between the bank as a prospective new creditor with the debtor in the outstanding redemption process, where there is no guarantee of the issuance of the roya letter on the same day during the binding process, in the absence of kepsatian regarding the status of the guarantee, the bank becomes a risky party suffered losses so that the need for a form of legal protection in a preventive and repressive.

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Epilogue

Feminist Global Health Security ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197556931.003.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 191-206

Author(s):

Clare Wenham

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Global Health ◽

Social Reproduction ◽

Mental Load ◽

School Closures ◽

Health Security ◽

Downstream Effects ◽

Stratified Reproduction ◽

The Everyday ◽

The World

This epilogue discusses COVID-19, which reveal much about gender in global health security. It highlights that women are more likely to be healthcare workers, demonstrating the visibility missing in COVID-19, yet this is not recognised by policymakers. Women are also more likely to suffer the downstream effects of social reproduction through school closures and stay-at-home orders as well as the associated mental load. The epilogue also shows how COVID-19 has affected access to SRH services with an impact on stratified reproduction. It concludes that the everyday crisis of women trying to manage the response, whilst at risk of soaring rates of GBV and lack of access to sanitation and space, verifies the argument made throughout this book. Now the world is listening.

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COVID-19: passenger demand slump due to international travel restrictions

Research Result Business and Service Technologies ◽

10.18413/2408-9346-2021-7-4-0-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anastasiya G. Sarafanova ◽

◽

Alexander A. Sarafanov ◽

Keyword(s):

International Travel ◽

Passenger Demand ◽

Travel Restrictions

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PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Gagasan Hukum ◽

10.31849/jgh.v2i01.8234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

pp. 34-51

Author(s):

Mega Waty

Keyword(s):

Consumer Protection ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Protection System ◽

Legal Research ◽

Flight Delays ◽

Consumer Rights ◽

The Right ◽

Legal Consequences

Pasal 4 butir (c) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen pada Hak Konsumen untuk mendapatkan hak atas informasi yang benar, jelas, dan jujur mengenai kondisi dan jaminan barang dan/atau jasa. Faktanya masih ada konsumen yang belum mendapatkan haknya seperti yang diatur dalam undang-undang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen penerbangan di indonesia, dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana akibat hukum terhadap maskapai penerbangan yang tidak melindungi konsumen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Hasil Penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen penerbangan di Indonesia, tidak maksimal dikarenakan belum efektifnya sistim perlindungan konsumen yang meliputi ganti rugi terhadap barang kehilangan, kerusakan dan keterlambatan penerbangan. Akibat hukum terhadap maskapai penerbangan yang tidak melindungi konsumen, dapat dilaksanakan melalui peradilan (Litigasi) dan diluar pengadilan (non-litigasi), sesuai dengan pelaksanaan perundang-undangan yang ada akan tetapi belum optimal sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Article 4 point (c) of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection on Consumer Rights to obtain the right to correct, clear, and honest information regarding the conditions and guarantees of goods and/or services. The fact is that there are still consumers who have not yet received their rights as regulated by law. This study aims to determine and analyze the legal protection of aviation consumers in Indonesia, and to find out how the legal consequences for airlines that do not protect consumers. This type of research is normative legal research. The results of the study show that legal protection for aviation consumers in Indonesia is not optimal due to the ineffectiveness of the consumer protection system which includes compensation for lost goods, damage and flight delays. The legal consequences for airlines that do not protect consumers can be carried out through court (litigation) and out of court (non-litigation), in accordance with the implementation of existing laws but not yet optimal in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Protection Consumer

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The Zika Virus

Feminist Global Health Security ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197556931.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 53-80

Author(s):

Clare Wenham

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Global Health ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Levels Of Analysis ◽

Global Health Security ◽

Security Threat ◽

Health Security ◽

Integrated Vector Control

This chapter offers a contextual narrative to the Zika outbreak and justifies a pertinent case study for gender analysis in global health security. It contends that Zika was constructed as a security threat at multiple levels of analysis. This framing perpetuated an exclusion and problematization of women in global health security more broadly. The chapter argues that the key policies developed—integrated vector control, vaccine development and behavioural requests around reproduction, to paraphrase, ‘clean your houses and don’t get pregnant’—were inherently gendered given the activities required are socially prescribed women’s activities. It further argues that although the outbreak revolved around women, gender was not mainstreamed into any of the policies developed, and the securitised policies failed to protect those women most at risk from the disease.

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