scholarly journals Identification of Secondary Metabolites from Ethanol Extract of Ciplukan (Physalis angulate) Leaves and Toxicity Test on Post-Larvae of Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) [Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ektrak Etanol Daun Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) dan Uji Toksisitas terhadap Sintasan Post Larva Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Awaludin Awaludin ◽  
Yulma Yulma
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tiger Prawn ◽  
Garden Plant

AbstractPhysalis angulata is a garden plant that has been widely used as a medicinal plant by the community. This plant contains secondary metabolites that can be used as medicine and nutrition enhancement. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite compounds and their toxicity to the post-larva (PL) survival rate in tiger prawns. This study was conducted in several stages (1). P. angulata extraction using ethanol, (2) P. angulata GCMS test, (3) The identification of the secondary metabolites from P. angulata (4) LC50 test (Lethal Concentration 50) and (5) Data analysis. Based on the results of GCMS analysis, it was indicated that P. angulata contained the secondary metabolite compounds, including phenols, steroids, fatty acids, terpenoids, benzenes, and alkaloids. It is concluded that the compounds contained are presumed to be beneficial for prawn farming development in terms of disease prevention, growth acceleration, and egg quality improvement. Meanwhile, the toxicity test results by using tiger prawn larvae for 48 hours revealed that the safe concentration level used for prawn development by utilizing the cutleaf groundcherry extract was at 13.1 mg/l.AbstrakPhysalis angulata merupakan tumbuhan pekarangan yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai tumbuhan obat oleh masyarakat. Tumbuhan ini diduga memiliki metabolit sekunder yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat dan peningkatan nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi senyawa metabolik sekunder dan toksisitasnya terhadap sintasan post larva (PL) udang windu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan (1). Ekstraksi P. angulata dengan menggunakan etanol, (2) Uji GCMS P. angulata, (3) Identifikasi metabolit sekunder dari P. angulata (4) Uji LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) dan (5) Analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis GCMS menunjukkan bahwa P. angulata mengandung metabolit sekunder golongan senyawa antara lain fenol, steroid, asam lemak, terpenoid, benzene dan alkaloid. Senyawa- senyawa yang terkandung tersebut diduga dapat dijadikan sebagai pengembangan budidaya udang pada penanggulangan penyakit, percepatan pertumbuhan dan peningkatan kualitas telur. Sedangkan hasil uji toksisitas dengan menggunakan larva udang windu selama 48 jam menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi aman yang dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan udang dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak ciplukan dengan konsentrasi 13,1 mg/l.

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HOLOTHURIA ATRA IN MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
PANDU SALIM HANAFI ◽  
AJI SUTRISNO ◽  
TUTIK MURNIASIH ◽  
HARIJONO ◽  
MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra through the acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Methods: The sample was immersed in ethanol for 72 h at room temperature and repeated 3 times. The extracts were evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The identification of compounds in the ethanol extract of H. atra was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. The acute toxicity test was examined the effects of treating male mice with the ethanol extract of H. atra at 300 and 2000 mg/kg by oral administration for 14 days. On the past day of the toxicity test, liver of all experimental animals was taken for histopathological testing. Results: LCMS analysis showed that the ethanol extract of H. atra is contained polar compounds (chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, a glycosaminoglycan, and holothurin) and non-polar compounds (fatty acids). Acute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during the administration of both doses. Histopathological test results on the liver showed a few changes at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusions: The LD50 is equal to 5000 mg/kg and the ethanol extracts of H. atra can be classified as practically nontoxic. However, further studies are required to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

scholarly journals Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol dan Ekstrak Air dari Daun Jotang Kuda (Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.), Daun Gandarusa (Justicia Gendarussa Burm.F.), dan Daun Pulutan (Urena lobata L.) dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Agustinus Widodo ◽  
Akhmad Khumaidi ◽  
Putri Faradila A. Lasongke
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Jotang kuda (Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.), gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.) and pulutan (Urena lobata L.) leaves are used by several tribes in Central Sulawesi for the treatment of cancer. This study aims to determine the value of LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) of ethanol and water extracts from the S. nodiflora, J. gendarussa and U. lobata leaves and identify the class of chemical compounds contained in extracts with the highest toxicity. The ethanol extract was obtained by the maceration method using ethanol 96% and the water extract was obtained by the infusionmethod. The extract toxicity test was carried out byBrine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and dentification test was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The toxicity test results (LC50) of 96% ethanol extract and water extract of S. nodiflora leaves were 395.60 μg/ml and 109.25 μg/ml; J. gendarussa leaves 713.34 μg/ml and 18.02 μg/ml; and U.lobata leaves 188.38 μg/ml and 85.37 μg/ml, respectively. The results of identification showed that the water extract of the J. gendarussa leaves containing alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and steroids-terpenoids. The results of this study indicated that the extracts of S. nodiflora leaves, J. gendarussa leaves, and U. lobata leaves are potential to be developed as anticancer.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Etanol Buah Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Joni Tandi ◽  
Bella Melinda ◽  
Anita Purwantari ◽  
Agustinus Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Qualitative Assay

This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and the levels of total secondary metabolites in ethanol extract of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit extract was prepared by maceration method with 96% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator that followed by a qualitative test for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins using suitable reagents with the test parameters, while for the qualitative assay using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Qualitative analysis of alkaloids using test parameters of total alkaloids equivalent to quinine, flavonoid using parameter of total flavonoids equivalent to quercetin, saponin using parameters of standard saponins total from the Quillaja Bark, and tannin using test parameters of total tannins equivalent to tannic acid. Qualitative test results indicated that the ethanol extract of Okra fruit tested positive for alkaloids content wich characterized by the orange deposition, flavonoids characterized by the formation of an orange-yellow color, a stable foam for saponins and tannins marked in black. The quantitative analysis resulted alkaloids of 2228.06 mg/gram, flavonoids of 2.79 mg/gram, saponins of 10.03 mg/gram, and tannins of 1973.27 mg/gram. Keywords: Okra fruit, secondary metabolites, UV- Vis spectrophotometry, qualitative, quantitative.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG TANAMAN PATAH TULANG (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) DENGAN METODE Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace S. Baud ◽  
Meiske S. Sangi ◽  
Harry S.J. Koleangan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis senyawa metabolit sekunder dan uji toksisitas pada batang tanaman Patah tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.). Analisis senyawa metabolit sekunder dilakukan dengan skrining fitokimia yaitu senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, saponin dan tanin pada ekstrak segar dan kering batang tanaman Patah tulang. Penentuan toksisitas ekstrak etanol batang tanaman Patah tulang menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Uji toksisitas digunakan hewan uji Artemia salina Leach sebagai bioindikator. Pada skrining fitokimia diperoleh positif flavonoid, tanin dan steroid sedangkan alkaloid, saponin dan triterpenoid negatif. Data pengujian toksisitas diperoleh dari analisis Lethality Concentration 50 (LC50) yang dilakukan dengan metode probit menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 20.0 (untuk sistem operasi Windows). Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etanol batang Patah tulang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak segar maupun kering bersifat sitotoksik dengan nilai LC50 (7,994ppm) untuk ekstrak etanol batang segar  dan LC50 (9,940ppm) untuk ekstrak etanol batang kering. Kata kunci : Euphorbia tirucalli L., Senyawa metabolit sekunder, Toksisitas, Artemia salina Leach, LC50.   ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS AND TOXICITY TEST OF  STEM  PLANT ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF  PATAH TULANG (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) BY BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST’S METHOD (BSLT) ABSTRACT A research on the analysis of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the stem of  patah tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) and its toxicity had been done. The analysis was performed through phytochemical screening of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins and tannins on extracts of fresh and dried stem of the plant. Toxicity of ethanol extract of the stem was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method with Artemia salina Leach as bioindicator. Phytochemical screening showed positive results for flavonoids, tannins, and steroids and negative one for alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids. Toxicity data were obtained from Lethality Concentration 50 (LC50) calculation trhrough probit analysis using SPSS 20.0 software (for Windows operating systems). Toxicity test showed that ethanol extracts of the fresh and dried stem were cytotoxic with LC50 value of 7.994 ppm and 9.940 ppm, respectively. Keywords: Euphorbia tirucalli L., Secondary metabolite compounds, Toxicity, Artemia salina Leach, LC50.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KADAR TOTAL METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TAMOENJU (Hibiscus surattensis L.)

KOVALEN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Astrid Natalia Alasa ◽  
Syariful Anam ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Quantitative Test ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Dark Blue

Tamoenju (Hibiscus surattensis L.) leaves are included in the malvaceae family which grows in the plateau and are known to have the antidiabetic activity that the standardization of the extract is needed to be conducted. The research aimed to discover the total level of secondary metabolites from ethanol extract. The extraction of Tamoenju leaves through maceration method with 96% ethanol was done to obtain the filtrate. The filtrate obtained was concentrated by using rotary evaporator at 40°C until the concentrated extract was obtained. The extract gained was then tested in a qualitative way with Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Saponin, and Tannin tests by using the suitable reagent for the test parameters. While in the quantitative test the method used was Gravimetric analysis on alkaloid and Saponin compounds, Permanganometry on Tannin compound, and UV-Visible Spectrophotometry on Flavonoid. The qualitative test results reveal that Tamoenju is positive for containing Alkaloid which was characterized by the presence of orange sediment, Flavonoid was characterized by the orange formation, Tannin was characterized by the dark blue and Saponin was characterized by the stable foam. The quantitative test results are Alkaloid by 305.181 g/g, Saponin by 371.112 g/g, Tannin by 55.417 g/g and Flavonoid by 14.999 mg/100 g.Keywords: Hibiscus surattensis L. , secondary metabolites, standardization

scholarly journals Phytochemical characteristics, antimitotic, cytotoxic and antitumor activities of bark extract of Streblus asper Lour

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANM Alamgir ◽  
Minhajur Rahman ◽  
Ataur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Streblus Asper

Ethanol extract of the stem bark of Streblus asper Lour was considered for qualitative assessment for its secondary metabolites content like alkaloids, glycosides, sterols and others. Bark extract revealed anticarcenogenic i.e. antimitotic, cytotoxic and antitumor activities. Results of different anticarcenogenic activities of the bark extract were discussed in relation to its secondary metabolite contents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15801 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(1): 17-22, 2013 (June)

scholarly journals Broodstock Condition and Egg Quality in Tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon, Resulting from Feeding Bioencapsulated Live Prey

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annita Yong Seok Kian ◽  
Saleem Mustafa ◽  
Ridzwan A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Tiger Prawn

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Brassicasterol from N-Hexane Fraction of Pometia pinnata and its Toxicity Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Yoan De Nanda Herru Adlis Santoni ◽  
Mai Efdi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Pometia pinnata leaves were extracted and fractionated using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The four fractions obtained were screened for cytotoxic testing using the Brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method, n-hexane fraction has the highest LC50 419,855 mg/L.The n-hexane fraction was continued for the isolation stage and a secondary metabolite compound was obtained, namely brassicasterol. The structure of this secondary metabolites was determined using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR).

scholarly journals The Gel Soap with Raw Materials of Lerak Fruit (Sapindus rarak DC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fitria Wijayanti ◽  
Mayang Sari ◽  
Roni Suprayitno ◽  
Dian Aminin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Quality Testing

Lerak (sapindus rarak DC) is one of the plants that is often used as a noble metal washer, facial cleanser as a remover for acne and as an insecticide, especially earthworms. In this study the manufacture of soap gel by using Lerak plants. Lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak DC) is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as an alternative in soap raw materials. Lerak fruit (S. rarak) contains several secondary metabolites. The most dominant secondary metabolite is saponin. These saponins act as raw material for making soap. The purpose of this study is the use of natural materials, especially Lerak fruit as raw material for gel soap Tests conducted on soap are foam test, soap quality with experiments on several stains and organoleptic soap tests. The results obtained Lerak fruit can be used as raw materials for soap. The foam test results on the soap found that the soap foaming durability was longer. The results of soap quality testing on several stains namely charcoal stains, soy sauce stains and sauces prove the soap can clean stains well. The organoleptic results get a distinctive aroma, odor, and average of density are 1.01.

EKSTRAK DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix DC) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA LARVA NYAMUK Aedes albopictus

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhamat Muhamat
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Extraction Method

Kaffir lime is one of the plants that produce secondary metabolites. This plant can be used as intercropping plant in the Agroforestry project. Part lime leaves have been used by communities as a refresher, stimulant and insecticide. This study aims to determine the yield of kaffir lime leaves extract and its toxicity against larvae of Aedes albopictus. The extraction method used in this study was maceration with methanol solvent. Yield of extraction Kaffir lime leaves was 8.16%. Toxicity test of Kaffir lime leaves extract against larvae of Aedes albopictus with 24 hours treatment were 2430 ppm for LC50 and 3760 ppm for LC90. This result is classified to the category of low.Keywords : kaffir lime leave, secondary metabolite, intercrooping, ectract, toxicity.

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