Serological tests for foot and mouth disease in bovine serum samples. Problems of interpretation

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. HEDGER ◽  
I.T.R. BARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Isotype-specific antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in sera and secretions of ‘carrier’ and ‘non-carrier’ cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Salt ◽  
G. Mulcahy ◽  
R. P. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SummaryIsotype-specific antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) were measured in the sera and upper respiratory tract secretions of vaccinated and susceptible cattle challenged with FMDV by direct contact or by intranasal inoculation. A comparison was made between cattle that eliminated FMDV and those that developed and maintained a persistent infection. Serological and mucosal antibody responses were detected in all animals after challenge. IgA and 1gM were detected before the development of IgG1and IgG2responses. 1gM was not detected in vaccinated cattle. Challenge with FMDV elicited a prolonged biphasic secretory antibody response in FMDV ‘carrier’ animals only. The response was detected as FMDVspecific IgA in both mucosal secretions and serum samples, which gained statistical significance (P< 0·05) by 5 weeks after challenge. This observation could represent the basis of a test to differentiate vaccinated and/or recovered convalescent cattle from FMDV ‘carriers’.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study on foot-and-mouth disease in small ruminants: sero-prevalence and risk factor assessment in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice C. Chepkwony ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Gerald M. Muchemi ◽  
Abraham K. Sangula ◽  
Salome W. Kairu-Wanyoike
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Foot And Mouth

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya affecting cloven-hoofed ruminants. The epidemiology of the disease in small ruminants (SR) is not documented. We carried out a cross-sectional study, the first in Kenya, to estimate the sero-prevalence of FMD in SR and the associated risk factors nationally. Selection of animals to be sampled used a multistage cluster sampling approach. Serum samples totaling 7564 were screened for FMD antibodies of Non-Structural-Proteins using ID Screen® NSP Competition ELISA kit. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Studies Version 20. To identify the risk factors, chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used. The country animal level sero-prevalence was 23.3% (95% CI: 22.3-24.3%) while herd level sero-prevalence was 77.6% (95% CI: 73.9-80.9%). Sero-positivity was significantly higher in the pastoral zone (31.5%) than in the sedentary zone at 14.5% (χ2 =303.2, p<0.05). In the most parsimonious backward fitting logistic multivariable regression, the only risk factors that were significantly positively associated with FMD sero-positivity in SR were multipurpose (OR=1.150; p=0.034) and dairy production types (OR=2.029; p=0.003). Those that were significantly negatively associated with FMD sero-positivity were male sex (OR=0.856; p=0.026), young age (OR=0.601; p=0.037), sedentary production zone (OR=0.471; p<0.001), bringing in of SR (OR=0.838; p=0.004), purchase of SR from market/middlemen (OR=0.877; p=0.049), no interaction with wildlife (OR=0.657; p<0.001), mixed production type (OR=0.701; p=0.016), enclosure of SR day and night (OR=0.515; p=0.001), migratory grazing system (OR=0.807; p=0.047), on-farm watering system (OR=0.724; p=0.002), male-from-another-farm (OR=0.723; p=0.030) and artificial insemination (OR=0.357; p=0.008) breeding methods.This study showed that there is widespread undetected virus circulation in SR indicated by ubiquitous spatial distribution of significant FMD sero-positivity in the country. The risk factors were mainly husbandry related. Strengthening of risk-based FMD surveillance in carrier SR which pose potential risk of virus transmission to other susceptible species is recommended. Adjustment of husbandry practices to control FMD in SR and in-contact species is suggested. Cross-transmission and more risk factors need to be researched.

scholarly journals Use of Slaughterhouses as Sentinel Points for Genomic Surveillance of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Southern Vietnam

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2203
Author(s):  
Umanga Gunasekara ◽  
Miranda R. Bertram ◽  
Do H. Dung ◽  
Bui H. Hoang ◽  
Nguyen T. Phuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The genetic diversity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a challenge to the successful control of the disease, and it is important to identify the emergence of different strains in endemic settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sampling of clinically healthy livestock at slaughterhouses as a strategy for genomic FMDV surveillance. Serum samples (n = 11,875) and oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples (n = 5045) were collected from clinically healthy cattle and buffalo on farms in eight provinces in southern and northern Vietnam (2015–2019) to characterize viral diversity. Outbreak sequences were collected between 2009 and 2019. In two slaughterhouses in southern Vietnam, 1200 serum and OPF samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle and buffalo (2017 to 2019) as a pilot study on the use of slaughterhouses as sentinel points in surveillance. FMDV VP1 sequences were analyzed using discriminant principal component analysis and time-scaled phylodynamic trees. Six of seven serotype-O and -A clusters circulating in southern Vietnam between 2017–2019 were detected at least once in slaughterhouses, sometimes pre-dating outbreak sequences associated with the same cluster by 4–6 months. Routine sampling at slaughterhouses may provide a timely and efficient strategy for genomic surveillance to identify circulating and emerging FMDV strains.

Investigation of foot-and mouth disease outbreak in a pig farm at Kollam district of Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rout ◽  
S. Subramaniam ◽  
J. K. Mohapatra ◽  
B. B. Dash ◽  
B. Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
Pig Farm

The present paper describes the investigation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in a private pig farm at Kotty in Kollam district of Kerala during October 2013. During the clinical phase, severe vesicular lesions on snout and skin around the coronary bands were observed in pigs. A total of 48 serum samples and 12 clinical samples (ruptured snout epithelia) were collected. All serum samples were subjected to indirect 3AB nonstructural protein (NSP) ELISA and liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA. In 3AB NSP ELISA, all serum samples were found positive for NSP antibodies indicating infection. In LPB ELISA, 42 of 48 (87.5%) pigs were found to have protective log10 antibody titre of ³1.8 against FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia 1. All the clinical materials were found positive for serotype O in antigen detection ELISA as well as in multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR). In VP1 region-based phylogenetic analysis, the serotype O isolates causing the outbreak were found to conglomerate within Ind2001 lineage. Pigs infected with FMD may pose rigorous threat to other susceptible domestic livestock as they exhale enormous quantity of virus. As a consequence, they should be included under prophylactic vaccination and surveillance programmes ongoing in the country.

scholarly journals Development of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies against the 3B Protein of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Satya Parida ◽  
Tim Salo ◽  
Kate Hole ◽  
Lauro Velazquez-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most highly contagious and economically devastating diseases, and it severely constrains the international trade of animals. Vaccination against FMD is a key element in the control of FMD. However, vaccination of susceptible animals raises critical issues, such as the differentiation of infected animals from vaccinated animals. The current study developed a reliable and rapid test to detect antibodies against the conserved, nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of the FMD virus (FMDV) to distinguish infected animals from vaccinated animals. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the FMDV NSP 3B was produced. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for FMDV/NSP antibody detection was developed using a recombinant 3ABC protein as the antigen and the 3B-specific MAb. Sera collected from naive, FMDV experimentally infected, vaccinated carrier, and noncarrier animals were tested using the 3B cELISA. The diagnostic specificity was 99.4% for naive animals (cattle, pigs, and sheep) and 99.7% for vaccinated noncarrier animals. The diagnostic sensitivity was 100% for experimentally inoculated animals and 64% for vaccinated carrier animals. The performance of this 3B cELISA was compared to that of four commercial ELISA kits using a panel of serum samples established by the World Reference Laboratory for FMD at The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom. The diagnostic sensitivity of the 3B cELISA for the panel of FMDV/NSP-positive bovine serum samples was 94%, which was comparable to or better than that of the commercially available NSP antibody detection kits. This 3B cELISA is a simple, reliable test to detect antibodies against FMDV nonstructural proteins.

scholarly journals Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies against the 2C and 3ABC Nonstructural Proteins Induced by Infecting Pigs with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zezhong Liu ◽  
Junjun Shao ◽  
Furong Zhao ◽  
Guangqing Zhou ◽  
Shandian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACT The potential diagnostic value of chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) has been accepted in recent years, although their use for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) diagnostics has not been reported. Full-length 3ABC and 2C proteins were expressed in bacteria and purified by affinity chromatography to develop a rapid and accurate approach to distinguish pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from vaccinated pigs. The recombinant proteins were then used as antigens to develop two CLIAs for the detection of antibodies against nonstructural viral proteins. The diagnostic performance of the two assays was compared by analyzing serum from pigs (naive pigs, n = 63; vaccinated, uninfected pigs, n = 532; naive, infected pigs, n = 117) with a known infection status. The 3ABC-2C CLIA had a higher accuracy rate, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.5%, than the 3ABC CLIA, which had a diagnostic sensitivity of 95.7% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.0%. The results of the 3ABC-2C CLIA also had a high rate of concordance with those of two commercial FMDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits used to assess serum collected from 962 pigs in the field (96.2% and 97.8%, respectively). The 3ABC-2C CLIA detected infection in serum samples from infected pigs earlier than the commercial ELISA kits. In addition, the 3ABC-2C CLIA produced results within 15 min. On the basis of these findings, the 3ABC-2C CLIA could serve as the foundation for the development of penside FMD diagnostics and offers an alternative method to detect FMDV infections.

Assess the Effect of the Foot and Mouth Disease Type O Inactivated Vaccine (O/MYA98/BY/2010 Strain) for Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Bin Li ◽  
Jian Ping Liang
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Individual

Recently, O-type foot and mouth disease epidemic situation has changed, there has been MYA98 epidemic strains, has caused many Asian countries for many kinds of animal damage. In January 2011, a new matching vaccine developed, namely Foot and mouth disease type O inactivated vaccine (O/MYA98/BY/2010 strain). In order to master this vaccine effectiveness in pig production, all the individual pigs in the ten farms had been immunized.A total of 97786 individuals or times immunized pigs were observed. All pigs were traced surveillance for foot and mouth clinical signs. A total of 295 serum samples were detected for antibody titers.The results show that although there adverse side effects, but other than the vaccine adverse reactions and extent has significantly decreased, pigs immunized were non-occurrence of type O foot and mouth disease, the antibody titer is eligible. So here we show , the vaccine is safe and effective, can be widely used.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Fiber-Modified Adenovirus Vector Vaccine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisselle N. Medina ◽  
Nestor Montiel ◽  
Fayna Diaz-San Segundo ◽  
Diego Sturza ◽  
Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTNovel vaccination approaches against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) include the use of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vectors that contain the capsid-encoding regions of FMD virus (FMDV). Ad5 containing serotype A24 capsid sequences (Ad5.A24) has proved to be effective as a vaccine against FMD in livestock species. However, Ad5-vectored FMDV serotype O1 Campos vaccine (Ad5.O1C.2B) provides only partial protection of cattle against homologous challenge. It has been reported that a fiber-modified Ad5 vector expressing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) enhances transduction of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in mice. In the current study, we assessed the efficacy of a fiber-modified Ad5 (Adt.O1C.2B.RGD) in cattle. Expression of FMDV capsid proteins was superior in cultured cells infected with the RGD-modified vector. Furthermore, transgene expression of Adt.O1C.2B.RGD was enhanced in cell lines that constitutively express integrin αvβ6, a known receptor for FMDV. In contrast, capsid expression in cattle-derived enriched APC populations was not enhanced by infection with this vector. Our data showed that vaccination with the two vectors yielded similar levels of protection against FMD in cattle. Although none of the vaccinated animals had detectable viremia, FMDV RNA was detected in serum samples from animals with clinical signs. Interestingly, CD4+and CD8+gamma interferon (IFN-γ)+cell responses were detected at significantly higher levels in animals vaccinated with Adt.O1C.2B.RGD than in animals vaccinated with Ad5.O1C.2B. Our results suggest that inclusion of an RGD motif in the fiber of Ad5-vectored FMD vaccine improves transgene delivery and cell-mediated immunity but does not significantly enhance vaccine performance in cattle.

scholarly journals Field serological investigation for peste des petits ruminants, foot-and-mouth disease, and bluetongue diseases in illegally introduced animals in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1661-1666
Author(s):  
Wafaa Abd El Wahab Hosny ◽  
Eman Mohamed Baheeg ◽  
Hala Abd El Raheem Aly ◽  
Samia Said Abd El Nabi ◽  
Nadia Maher Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Investigation ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Study Laboratory

Aim: In this study, laboratory scoping on the viruses that cause peste des petits ruminants (PPR), bluetongue (BT), and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was performed to evaluate the current status of animals illegally introduced into Egypt. This study aims to help control these infectious illnesses and tries to prevent the introduction of other strains of these three viruses to Egypt, as these illnesses spread quickly if not controlled. Materials and Methods: In the year 2018, 62 serum samples were collected and serologically tested through competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits to detect antibodies against PPR, BT, and FMD, which are three important transboundary infectious illnesses. Results: The results indicated that 60 out of 62 serum samples were positive for PPR antibodies (96.7%), 31 out of 62 were positive for FMD antibodies (50%), and 59 out of 62 serum samples were positive for BT antibodies (95%). Conclusion: This study revealed that PPR, FMD, and BT can be introduced into Egypt through the illegal introduction of sheep and goat from neighboring countries. Laboratory diagnostic abilities should be improved for the early detection and control of these illnesses.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in large ruminants in periurban dairy farms near Islamabad, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Farooq ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Hamid Irshad ◽  
Asma Latif ◽  
Khalid Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

AbstractBackgroundFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an enzootic viral disease affecting livestock in Pakistan.ObjectivesTo determine the seroprevalence of FMD in large ruminants in periurban dairy farms near Islamabad.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 636 large ruminants during 2011 to 2012; 584 (92%) were buffaloes (Bos bubalis bubalis) and 52 (18%) were cattle (Bos taurus indicus). The population sampled was mainly adult (n = 514) and female (n = 596). Sera were assayed for antibodies against a nonstructural protein of the FMD virus using a Chekit FMD-3ABC bo-ov enzyme immunoassay Kit (Idexx Laboratories). Data were analyzed using a χResultsThe seroprevalence of FMD in the ruminants was 46% (n = 293, 95% confidence interval (CI); 42.18- 49.95) and was significantly higher in buffaloes (285, 97%; χConclusionsLarge ruminants in periurban dairy farms near Islamabad have a high FMD virus seroprevalence and play a potential role in the persistence and transmission of FMD in Pakistan.

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