ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF FLAVONOID FRACTION OF RAMANIA LEAF EXTRACT (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) AGAINST Porphyromonas gingivalis

Background: Chronic periodontitis is a periodontal disease with 80% of all cases of periodontitis. The major causes are the accumulation of plaque and bacteria. The dominant bacteria in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Treatment of chronic periodontitis can be done by scaling and root planing and supporting therapy by using mouthwash such as Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% which is the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% has disadvantages so that nowadays research on herbal plants is being done to find alternative medicines that are more effective. Ramania (Bouea machropylla Griffith) leaf contains flavonoids that have antibacterial properties. Objective: To analyze the antibacterial effectivity of the flavonoid fraction of Ramania leaf extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis that causes chronic periodontitis. Method: True experimental study and post-test with control group design consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely flavonoid fraction of ramania leaf extract with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as a control positive and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was repeated 6 times. Antibacterial tests using the dilution method with inhibitory rates calculated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and killing rates were calculated using a Colony Counter. Results: The average difference in absorbance values obtained inhibitory rates at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. One Way Anova Test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). The average number of colonies after 24 hours incubation showed the results of a kill rates in the concentration group of 0.3%, 0.5%, and positive control. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration of 0.1% and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained at 0.3% concentration. Keywords: Flavonoid Fraction, MIC, MBC, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Ramania Leaf Extract.

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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF FLAVONOID FRACTION OF RAMANIA LEAF EXTRACT (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) AGAINST Porphyromonas gingivalis

Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.20527/dentino.v6i1.10644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Lailatul Qomariyah ◽

Fransiska Uli Arta Panjaitan

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Flavonoid Fraction

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is a periodontal disease with 80% of all cases of periodontitis. The major causes are the accumulation of plaque and bacteria. The dominant bacteria in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Treatment of chronic periodontitis can be done by scaling and root planing and supporting therapy by using mouthwash such as Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% which is the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% has disadvantages so that nowadays research on herbal plants is being done to find alternative medicines that are more effective. Ramania (Bouea machropylla Griffith) leaf contains flavonoids that have antibacterial properties. Objective: To analyze the antibacterial effectivity of the flavonoid fraction of Ramania leaf extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis that causes chronic periodontitis. Method: True experimental study and post-test with control group design consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely flavonoid fraction of ramania leaf extract with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as a control positive and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was repeated 6 times. Antibacterial tests using the dilution method with inhibitory rates calculated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and killing rates were calculated using a Colony Counter. Results: The average difference in absorbance values obtained inhibitory rates at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. One Way Anova Test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). The average number of colonies after 24 hours incubation showed the results of a kill rates in the concentration group of 0.3%, 0.5%, and positive control. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration of 0.1% and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained at 0.3% concentration.Keywords: Flavonoid Fraction, MBC, MIC, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Ramania Leaf Extract.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN FROM HARUAN (Channa striata) FISH SCALES AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Porphyromonas gingivalis

Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.20527/dentino.v5i1.8122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahma Dania A.J ◽

Deby Kania Tri Putri ◽

Irham Taufiqurrahman

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Fish Scales ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Channa Striata

Background: Periodontal disease is one of the dental and oral diseases that is often found in people in Indonesia. RISKESDAS (2018) stated that the prevalence of people who have dental and oral health problems in Indonesia is 57.6%. The prevalence of oral and dental problems in South Kalimantan is 60%. Periodontal disease is damage to the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis which are gram negative bacteria. The growth of these bacteria can be inhibited and killed by chitosan from haruan fish scales. Chitosan is a natural product of chitin, chitosan is the basic ingredient of fish scales. Chitosan has advantages and more safety levels, because it has an active group that will bind to microbes so chitosan can inhibit and kill microbial growth. Objective: to analyze the antibacterial activity of chitosan scales (Channa striata) on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: This research used true experimental with randomized pre and post test with only control group design with eight treatments. Chitosan of haruan fish scales with liquid dilution method to obtain MIC and solid dilution test to obtain MBC. Results: The results showed that Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of chitosan haruan scales was found at a concentration of 2.5% characterized by a decrease in absorbance value of 0.092 and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration found at a concentration of 20% characterized by the absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Conclusion: There is an inhibitory activity and a bactericidal activity from chitosan of haruan fish scales on Porphyromonas gingivalis.

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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY TEST OF ULIN BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) ON THE GROWTH OF Porphyromonas gingivalis

Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.20527/dentino.v6i1.10638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Della Isnadya Noor ◽

I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus ◽

Beta Widya Oktiani

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by bacterial colonization of dental plaque. Bacteria that play a role in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of mouthwash that reduce the number of P.gingivalis colonies is chlorhexidine 0.2%. Long term use of chlorhexidine 0.2% can cause some side effects to the oral cavity, so we need an alternative mouthwash from natural ingredients that can reduce the side effects of chlorhexidine 0.2%. Ulin bark extract contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin which can be an alternative base for mouthwash besides chlorhexidine 0.2%. Purpose: It is to analyze antibacterial effectivity of ulin bark extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: This study was using true experimental research and post-test only with control group design, that used 9 treatment groups with 4 replications, that were 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations, chlorhexidine 0.2%, and sterile aquadest against P. gingivalis. The total samples were as many as 36. Result: One Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Games Howell tests showed that the average absorbance values has a significant difference, then Kruskall Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney tests showed the number of colonies with significant differences. MIC in this study was at 5% concentration and MBC was at 20% concentration.. Conclusion: Ulin bark extract with 40% concentration has an absorbance value equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 20% concentration has a bactericidal effects equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine against the growth of P.gingivalis.Keywords:Antibacterial, Dilution method,Porphyromonas gingivalis, Ulin Bark Extract.

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Antibacterial Activity of Cherry Leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) Extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis Growth

el–Hayah ◽

10.18860/elha.v6i2.4536 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Dewi Muflikhah ◽

Amandia Dewi Permana Shita ◽

Pudji Astuti

Keyword(s):

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Maximum Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Post Test ◽

Digital Caliper

Pathological inflamatory condition that often complained and neglected in Indonesian is periodontal disease . The main ethiology of periodontitis is dental plaque. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria which contained in dental plaque. Increase in P. gingivalis colony will escalate damage in periodontal tissues. One of the alternative to control microorganism growth is by antibacterial agents in cherry leaf based material which contain flavonoids, saponins and tannins as active subtance. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cherry leaf extract to P. gingivalis growth and to determine the maximum concentration in inhibiting the growth of P. gingivalis. Methods: This research used experimental laboratories methods with the post test only control group design. This research used well diffusion with 8 samples of each group. BHI-A was filled into petridish and inoculated by P. gingivalis. The holes was made 5 mm diameter and was filled 20μl cherry leaf extract concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, aquadest steril (K-) and Chlorhexidine (K+). Petridish was placed in desicator and incubator at 370C for 24 hours. Zone of inhibition were measured by using digital caliper. Result and Conclusion: Cherry leaf extract contain antibacterial effect which can inhibit P. gingivalis increase in number with maximum concentration of 100%.

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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF KASTURI LEAF EXTRACT (Mangifera casturi) AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus sanguinis BACTERIA

Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.20527/dentino.v5i1.8118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Dita Puspita Sari ◽

Didit Aspriyanto ◽

Irham Taufiqurrahman

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova

Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.

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Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.5.2.2017.17370 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Ramschie ◽

Pieter L. Suling ◽

Krista V. Siagian

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

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Uji konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) sebagai antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.4.2.2016.13766 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Klaudya E. Warokka ◽

Jane Wuisan ◽

Juliatri .

Keyword(s):

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Test Methods ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Study Program ◽

Group Design

Abstract: Inadequate oral and dental hygiene can cause plaques containing various kinds of bacteria; one of them is Streptococcus mutans which is the main cause of dental caries. Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) is a medicinal herb that contains antibacterial compounds namely flavonoids, alkonoid, terpanoid, and saponins. This study aimed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of binahong leaf extract to the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The method used in this study was serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry as the test methods. Binahong leaves were taken from Tempok village and were extracted with maceration method using ethanol 96%. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were obtained from a pure bacterial stock in Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The result showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia steenis) to the growth of Streptococcus mutans was 6.25%.Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, binahong leaf, MIC, tooth cariesAbstrak: Kebersihan gigi dan mulut yang buruk dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya plak yang mengandung berbagai macam bakteri, salah satu diantaranya Streptococcus mutans yang menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya karies gigi. Daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia steenis) merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung senyawa antibakteri yaitu flavonoid, alkonoid, terpanoid dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode serial dilusi dengan metode pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun binahong diperoleh di desa Tempok, dan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Bakteri Streptococcus mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa KHM daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan streptococcus mutans ialah pada konsentrasi 6,25%.Kata kunci: Streptococcus mutans, daun binahong, KHM, karies gigi

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IN VITRO TESTING OF CLOVE EXTRACTS IN INHIBITING AND KILLING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI

DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) ◽

10.14710/dmj.v10i1.29420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Nadia Dwi Rahmawati ◽

Tri Nur Kristina ◽

Endang Sri Lestari ◽

Hardian Hardian

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

E Coli ◽

Clove Extract

Background: Diarrhea that could be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can be prevented by increasing hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand rub, but frequent use might cause skin irritation. Replacing alcohol with herbs could avoid this side effect. Cloves have been proved to have antibacterial properties. However, most researches used complex extraction methods that might not be applicable on a household scale.Objective: To prove that clove extracts have ability to inhibit and to kill S. aureus and E. coli.Methods: This is an experimental study by using post-test only control group design. Clove extract was obtained with simple aqueous maceration. Samples were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 allocated into six groups: clove extracts at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% respectively; 70% alcohol as a positive control; and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was given 5 repetitions of intervention. MIC was measured with dilution method, while MBC with streak method. Negative controls were only used to monitor the quality of this work.Results: MIC of S. aureus was started at 50% concentration of clove extract, while MBC of S. aureus was started at 25 % concentration of the same extract. MIC and MBC of E. coli was both started at 25% concentration of clove extract. MIC and MBC of 100% concentration of clove extract were equal with 70% alcohol.Conclusion: Concentration of 100% clove extracts have similar ability with 70% alcohol to inhibit and to kill S. aureus and E. coli. Keywords: Clove Extracts, Escherichia coli, MBC, MIC, Staphylococcus aureus

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Potensi ekstrak daun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) terhadap ekspresi MMP-8 fibroblas gingiva pada model tikus dengan disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitisPotential of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf extract on the MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblast in rats model with ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis

Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkg.v32i2.27466 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Zahara Meilawaty ◽

Amandia Dewi Permana Shita ◽

Paramudibta Lungit Kuncaraningtyas ◽

Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti ◽

Zahreni Hamzah

Keyword(s):

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Gingival Fibroblast ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Ovarian Dysfunction ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test

Pendahuluan: Disfungsi ovarium merupakan kondisi yang menimbulkan defisiensi hormon estrogen dan progesteron. Penurunan hormonal ini menyebabkan peningkatan produksi tumor necrosis factor (TNF) yang dapat memicu peningkatan produksi matriks metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). Periodontitis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri gram negatif akan memicu makrofag melepaskan TNF-α yang berkontribusi dalam pembentukan MMP-8. MMP-8 ini berperan dalam degradasi kolagen jaringan ikat gingiva. Meningkatnya MMP-8 dapat menyebabkan terjadinya periodontitis. Gejala periodontitis karena disfungsi ovarium dan induksi bakteri ini dapat diperlambat dengan bahan alam, yaitu daun singkong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi ekstrak daun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) terhadap ekspresi MMP-8 fibroblas pada model tikus disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan post-test only control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu (1) kelompok kontrol (K), (2) Kelompok yang diinduksi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan diberi aquades, (3) Kelompok yang diinduksi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan diberi ekstrak daun singkong, (4) Kelompok yang diberi perlakuan ovariektomi dan diberi aquades, (5) Kelompok yang dilakukan ovariektomi dan diberi ekstrak daun singkong. Pengambilan jaringan gingiva setelah tahap euthanasia dilakukan untuk pembuatan preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Pengamatan dan penghitungan ekspresi MMP-8 dilakukan dengan menggunakan software ImageJ dan Immunoratio. Hasil: Hasil analisis data one-way ANOVA, ekspresi MMP-8 fibroblas gingiva menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun singkong dapat menurunkan ekspresi MMP-8 fibroblas gingiva tikus yang mengalami disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis diinduksi P. gingivalis. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dapat menurunkan ekspresi MMP-8 sel fibroblas gingiva pada model tikus disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis.Kata kunci: Disfungsi ovarium, periodontitis, ekspresi MMP-8, ekstrak daun singkong. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Ovarian dysfunction is a condition that causes estrogen and progesterone deficiency. This hormonal decrease causes an increase in the production of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), which can trigger an increase in the production of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). Periodontitis caused by gram-negative bacteria will trigger macrophages to release TNF-α, which contributes to the formation of MMP-8. MMP-8 plays a role in collagen degradation of the gingival connective tissue. An increase in MMP-8 can cause periodontitis. Periodontitis symptoms due to ovarian dysfunction and bacterial induction can be slowed down by natural ingredients, such as cassava leaf. The purpose of this study was to analyse the potential of cassava leaf extract (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblast in rats model with ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. The samples were female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups: (1) control group (K); (2) Porphyromonas gingivalis induced group and given aquadest; (3) Porphyromonas gingivalis induced and given cassava leaf extract; (4) Group with ovariectomy treatment and given aquadest; (5) Group with ovariectomy treatment and given cassava leaf extract. Gingival tissue retrieval after the euthanasia was carried out for the histopathology preparations by immunohistochemical staining. Observation and calculation of MMP-8 expressions were performed using ImageJ and Immunoratio software. Results: The results of the one-way ANOVA analysis of MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblasts showed a significant difference (p = 0.000); thus cassava leaf extract reduce the MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblasts of rats with ovarian dysfunction and P. gingivalis induced periodontitis. Conclusion: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf extract can reduce the MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblast cells in rats’ model with ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis.Keywords: Ovarian dysfunction, periodontitis, MMP-8 expression, cassava leaf extract.

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Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi linn) terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi linn Leaf Extract against Enterococcus Faecalis)

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v6i2.2016.93-98 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Ranggi Hardian Nugro Astuti ◽

Karlina Samadi ◽

Eric Priyo Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigation

Background. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial infection caused the failure of root canal treatment between 24%-77%. This is due to various factors resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. This research to find alternative materials that have antibacterial properties and by utilizing natural ingredients that can later be used as a root canal irrigation. Antibacterial activity of the Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract that has antibacterial activity against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is a labolatory experimental with post test only control group design which use diluted Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 according Mc. Farland standard 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml. With treatment Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract on concentration 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25% given to each of 0,05 ml Enterococcus faecalis and using Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) as planting media. Result. At the concentration 30% of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract, showed that colony’s growth less than 10%. At the concentration 35% was not revealed any bacterial growth. Conclusion. The Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract has antibacterial effect on bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. The MIC was at 30% and MBC was at 35%.

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