scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF KASTURI LEAF EXTRACT (Mangifera casturi) AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus sanguinis BACTERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Dita Puspita Sari ◽  
Didit Aspriyanto ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.

scholarly journals The In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Activity of Lime Peels (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Gempita Cahya aulia tambunan ◽  
Aparna Dutt ◽  
Sayra Nadhifa ◽  
Firdha Amelia ◽  
Ermi Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Lime Peel ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

There are various potential natural anti-diabetic drugs; one of them is lime peel or Citrus amblycarpa. This study was aimed to explore the anti-diabetic activity and phytochemical content of lime peels. This study was an experimental study that used the post-test only control group design. The lime peels that were collected from the Berastagi fruit market in Medan, North Sumatera were extracted using 70% ethanol by maceration methods. The phytochemical screening identified the presence of phenolic, steroid/triterpenoid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid. Meanwhile, the anti-diabetic activity of lime peels was evaluate using the α-glucosidase enzyme that was gotten from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition methods. Percent of inhibition was express as Mean ± SD and analyzed by One Way ANOVA, Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test, and followed by linear regression. The result of this study showed that there is a significant difference in percentage inhibition α-glucosidase enzyme in each concentration, and it had an IC50 Value amount of 125.93 ± 9.14 µg/mL. The phytochemical content of the lime peels was flavonoid, phenol, steroid/triterpenoid, and alkaloid. Hence, the lime peel has anti-diabetic activity by inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY TEST OF ULIN BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) ON THE GROWTH OF Porphyromonas gingivalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Della Isnadya Noor ◽  
I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus ◽  
Beta Widya Oktiani
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by bacterial colonization of dental plaque. Bacteria that play a role in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of mouthwash that reduce the number of P.gingivalis colonies is chlorhexidine 0.2%. Long term use of chlorhexidine 0.2% can cause some side effects to the oral cavity, so we need an alternative mouthwash from natural ingredients that can reduce the side effects of chlorhexidine 0.2%. Ulin bark extract contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin which can be an alternative base for mouthwash besides chlorhexidine 0.2%. Purpose: It is to analyze antibacterial effectivity of ulin bark extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: This study was using true experimental research and post-test only with control group design, that used 9 treatment groups with 4 replications, that were 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations, chlorhexidine 0.2%, and sterile aquadest against P. gingivalis. The total samples were as many as 36. Result: One Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Games Howell tests showed that the average absorbance values has a significant difference, then Kruskall Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney tests showed the number of colonies with significant differences. MIC in this study was at 5% concentration and MBC was at 20% concentration.. Conclusion: Ulin bark extract with 40% concentration has an absorbance value equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 20% concentration has a bactericidal effects equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine against the growth of P.gingivalis.Keywords:Antibacterial, Dilution method,Porphyromonas gingivalis, Ulin Bark Extract.

scholarly journals the influence of giving katu’s leaf extract fraction toward prolactin level of breastfeeding mice and neuralgia cells of young mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Kamariyah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Extract Fraction ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

People knew that Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr (katu’s leaf) have good nutrient and can enhance breast milk production. Study about influence of giving katu’s leaf extract fraction toward prolactin level and neuralgia cells in mice is not available recently. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of giving katu’s leaf extract fraction toward prolactin level and neuralgia cells at mice, and influence prolactin level in breast feeding mouse towards amount of neuralgia cells in mice. Method of this study is laboratories experiment ”the post test-only control group” type experimental animals is mouse (Rattus norvegicus). The samples are 24 breast feeding mice with body weight 150-200 gram and divided into 4 groups, that are control group and treatment group which is given katu’s leaf extract fraction. Treatment group 1 with the dosage 24 mg, treatment group 2 with the dosage 48 mg and treatment group 3 with the dosage 72 mg. Treatment begun at the 3rd day post delivery until the 11th day. The 12th day the mouse is killed, blood from pericardium taken for prolactin test, while the mice is killed and it’s brain made as substance for testing of amount of neuralgia cells. Study result of prolactin with One Way Anova got significant difference (ρ=0,000). Continued with Post Hoc test got significant difference at C–T2, C–T3, T1–T2, T1–T3, and T2–T3. Result of neuralgia cells test at One Way Anova got significant difference (p=0,000).  Continued with Post Hoc test got significant difference at C–T2, C–T3, T1–T2, T1–T3, and T2–T3. Result of linier regression test got ρ (0.940) > α (0,05), means there is no influence prolactin level in breast feeding mouse towards amount of neuralgia cells in mice. The conclusion of the study was prolactin level in breast feeding mouse and amount of neuralgia cells in mice after giving katu’s leaf extract fraction have prolactin level higher and amount of neuralgia cells increase at the dosage 48 and 72 mg. If this study will be applied to human, should be done laboratorial test. More study about containing of breast milk after giving katu’s leaf extract fraction need to be continued.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF RAMANIA LEAF (Bouea macrophylla Griff) EXTRACT GEL ON COLLAGEN FIBERS DENSITY IN INCISIONAL WOUND OF MALE WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Dinda Rizkia ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman ◽  
Renie Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACTBackground: Ramania leaf (Bouea macrophylla Griff) extract gel has secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, steroids, phenols and terpenoids which have a role as antioxidant. They will protect the body from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing endogenous antioxidants SOD, CAT and GPX, so that wound healing will not be inhibited and the process of collagen synthesis can run smoothly. Objective: To analyze the effect of ramania leaf extract gel that was applied topically with 5%, 10% and 15% concentration on collagen fibers density in incisional wound of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) on the 7th and the 14th day. Method: This research is a pure experimental study with a posttest-only control group design, using 24 rats which were divided into 4 groups: the treatment groups given ramania leaf extract gel of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group given placebo gel. The application of the extract gel was done once within 24 hours. The collagen level was measured with a spectrophotometer on the 7th and the 14th day. Results: Two-Way ANOVA test results on the 7th and the 14th day of each group showed a significant difference with p=0.000 (p<0.05). The Bonferroni Post-hoc Test showed a significant difference with p<0.05 between the placebo gel group and the groups of ramania leaf extract gel of 5%, 10%, 15% on the 7th and the 14th day. Conclusion: There is an effect of ramania leaf extract gel on collagen fibers density with the most effective concentration of 15%.Keywords: Antioxidant, , Collagen, Ramania Leaf Extract Gel

scholarly journals Efektifitas Debridemen Mekanik Pada Luka Bakar Derajat III Terhadap Kecepatan Penyembuhan Luka

JKEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Nurma Afiani ◽  
Sanarto Santoso ◽  
Tina Handayani N ◽  
M. Fendi Nur Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Third degree burn is a special wound cause consist of eschar for a long time. Kept eschar in third degree burn will delay healing procces. That is why eschar should be disapper by debridement process. Mechanical debridement used in this research. The aim of this research is to know the differences between mechanical debridement 24 hour and 48 hour in healing acceleration. This research is a true experimental by using  post test only control group design. The samples was selected by simple random sampling and was divided into three groups, each group consist of six rats, they are 24 hour group, 48 hour group and control group. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA then followed by Post Hoc LSD. The one way ANOVA result  p = 0,018 (p < 0,05) so there was a significant difference between control group and experimental groups. But the Post Hoc LSD results p = 0,123 ( p > 0,05)  so there was no significant difference between 24 hour group and 48 hour group in healing acceleration. For further researchers, it is suggested to use microscopic technique to know the effect of mechanical debridement in healing acceleration.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sri Kunarti ◽  
Aulia Ramadhani ◽  
Laskmiari Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF FLAVONOID FRACTION OF RAMANIA LEAF EXTRACT (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) AGAINST Porphyromonas gingivalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Lailatul Qomariyah ◽  
Fransiska Uli Arta Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Flavonoid Fraction

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is a periodontal disease with 80% of all cases of periodontitis. The major causes are the accumulation of plaque and bacteria. The dominant bacteria in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Treatment of chronic periodontitis can be done by scaling and root planing and supporting therapy by using mouthwash such as Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% which is the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% has disadvantages so that nowadays research on herbal plants is being done to find alternative medicines that are more effective. Ramania (Bouea machropylla Griffith) leaf contains flavonoids that have antibacterial properties. Objective: To analyze the antibacterial effectivity of the flavonoid fraction of Ramania leaf extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis that causes chronic periodontitis. Method: True experimental study and post-test with control group design consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely flavonoid fraction of ramania leaf extract with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as a control positive and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was repeated 6 times. Antibacterial tests using the dilution method with inhibitory rates calculated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and killing rates were calculated using a Colony Counter. Results: The average difference in absorbance values obtained inhibitory rates at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. One Way Anova Test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). The average number of colonies after 24 hours incubation showed the results of a kill rates in the concentration group of 0.3%, 0.5%, and positive control. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration of 0.1% and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained at 0.3% concentration.Keywords: Flavonoid Fraction, MBC, MIC, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Ramania Leaf Extract.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF RAMANIA (Bouea macrophylla Griff) AND BINJAI (Mangifera caesia) LEAVES EXTRACT GEL EFFECT ON COLLAGEN DENSITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Nabilah Nabilah ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman ◽  
Nolista Indah Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Gel Effect ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Collagen Density ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: The extract of ramania Bouea macrophylla Griff) and binjai (Mangifera caesia) leaf have flavonoid compounds that function as antioxidants to balance the amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in tissues and optimize wound healing by helping synthesis of hydroxyproline which is used as a collagen synthesis material. Objective: To compare the effect of 15% concentration of ramania leaf extract gel, 15% concentration of binjai leaf extract gel on collagen density in back incision wounds of male Wistar rats on day 7 and day 14. Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a posttest-only with control group design. The study sample used male wistar rats that were healthy and active, aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 250-300 grams. The total sample was 18 rats divided into 6 groups. The 15% concentration of ramania and binjai leaves was given topically, then the rats were euthanized on the 7th and 14th day. Collagen index measurement was using hydroxyproline concentration. Results: Two-way Anova data analysis showed a significant value of 0.00 (p<0.05), which means that there was a difference in effect between the treatment gel and wound day. Bonferroni Post Hoc test showed a significant value in all treatment gel groups. Conclusion: There is a difference in the effect of 15% concentration of ramania leaf extract gel and 15% concentration of binjai extract gel on collagen density. Binjai leaf extract gel at 15% concentration is more effective for collagen density than Ramania leaf extract at 15% concentration and placebo. Keywords : Binjai Leaf Extract Gel, Collagen, Hydroxyproline, Ramania Leaf Extract Gel.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Senam Nifas terhadap Penurunan Tinggi Fundus Uteri dan Lochea pada Ibu Pasca Bersalin yang Mendapatkan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini dan Mobilisasi Dini

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Siska Toloan Toloan ◽  
Harimat Hendarwan
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Masa nifas adalah hal sangat penting untuk diperhatikan guna untuk menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Pengaruh Senam Nifas Terhadap Penurunan Tinggi Fundus Uteri Dan Lochea Pada Ibu Pasca Bersalin Yang Mendapatkan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Dan Mobilisasi Dini Di Praktek Bidan Mandiri Kota Depok Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain penelitian Quasy Exsperimental dengan pendekatan post test only control group design. Populasi yang diambil yaitu 65 ibu pasca bersalin. Sampel diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling besar sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan rumus Federer setiap variabel bebas terdiri atas 3 kelompok dan setiap kelompok sebanyak 9 sampel sehingga jumlah total sampel 27 ibu pasca bersalin. Pengumpulan data berupa data primer dan uji yang digunakan yaitu uji One Way Anova. Dapat dilihat dari nilai signifikan uji One Way Anova pada penurunan tinggi fundus uteri hari pertama sampai hari kesepuluh dengan nilai signifikan yaitu p-value < 0,05 yang artinya H0 ditolak atau ada perbedaan secara signifikan dan dilihat. Hasil post hoc test tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kelompok inisiasi menyusu dini, inisiasi menyusu dini dan mobilisasi dini dan kelompok inisiasi menyusu dini, mobilisasi dini dan senam nifas terhadap penurunan tinggi fundus uteri.

scholarly journals Using Karaoke to Enhance Recognition of Chinese Words: A Cross-Languages Adoption

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Shirban Sasi ◽  
Shu-Ting Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
English Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teaching Chinese ◽  
One Way Anova

This study investigated the effects of Chinese karaoke on recognition and retention of the Chinese characters/words by the Iranian male junior high school learners (N=61, p<.05). In a posttest control group design, students in three English language institutes in Tehran were randomly divided into three groups of Text-only which received the Chinese words via merely a text; Song group which were taught the words via an audio song as well as the text; and finally, Karaoke group which received the words by karaoke, plus the text. The lessons were instructed in two consecutive 20-minute long periods at the end of their routine English classes. The subjects then were tested for their recognition of the 24 Chinese words in question. A One-way ANOVA was run to analyse the scores of the participants. The results revealed that students under Karaoke obtained significantly higher scores as compared to both Text-only and Sound groups. The results, however, did not show any significant difference between the scores of the Text-only and Sound groups. Furthermore, based on the experiment design of this study, this paper advocates consideration of the Arabic writing system as a substitute for the Romanized Pinyin when teaching Chinese to language learners who are familiar with Arabic.

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