Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Minerals on Growth Performance of Broilers

A study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing inorganic ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ with different levels of their organic complexes on growth performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers. Experiment was conducted with 300 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of 50 broiler chicks. All groups were further subdivided into five replications each containing 10 broiler chicks. The basal ration was formulated as per BIS (2007) specifications to meet energy and protein requirements of birds. In experimental groups, first group was kept as negative control (T1) containing mineral mixture without ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ and T2 (positive control containing mineral mixture with inorganic salts of ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’) while experimental groups T3, T4, T5 and T6 were supplemented with mineral mixture incorporated with organic ‘zinc’ and organic ‘manganese’ @ 50 and 100% in substitution of their inorganic sources. The highest body weight gain (2334.4g) and improved FCR (1.76) in broilers was observed in T6 group which was significantly (P<0.05) better than negative and positive control groups.

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Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Qaid ◽

Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽

Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽

Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽

Hani H. Albaadani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Serum Globulin ◽

Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

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The effects of dietary supplementation of encapsulated thyme essential oil on growth, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and serum amino acid profiles of broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2021-0029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Olfati ◽

Seyed Majid Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Amino Acid Profiles ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes inflammation and has adverse effects on the growth of broiler chicks. Meanwhile, plant derivations improve the growth performance and decrease inflammation, but they do not have enough stability. Encapsulation of essential oils is a new strategy for decreasing their instability. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of encapsulated Thyme essential oil (ETEO) on growth, inflammatory cytokines, and amino acid profiles of broiler chicks challenged with S. Typhimurium. Three hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were assigned into 6 groups, and 5 replications per group. The broiler chicks (3 groups) were challenged with S. Typhimurium, on day 21 and birds received basal diet (positive control), encapsulated Thyme (P-ETEO), and non-capsulated Thyme (P-NETEO), while other groups received the same diets, but under normal as a negative control, encapsulated Thyme (N-ETEO) and non-capsulated Thyme (N-NETEO). Growth performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and serum amino acid profiles were assessed on day 42. The challenged birds in positive control showed lower growth performance, higher concentration for inflammatory cytokines, and disturbed blood serum concentrations for amino acid profiles compared to the negative control (P<0.05). The result showed that dietary supplementation of the ETEO could improve growth performance and amino acid profiles, and also decrease inflammatory responses (P<0.05). In sum, S. Typhimurium had negative effects on growth, immunity, and inflammation, but dietary inclusion of the ETEO could decrease its negative effects.

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Efficacy of a Dietary Polyherbal Formula on the Performance and Gut Health in Broiler Chicks after Experimental Infection with Eimeria spp.

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 524

Author(s):

Vasilios Tsiouris ◽

Ilias Giannenas ◽

Eleftherios Bonos ◽

Elias Papadopoulos ◽

Ioanna Stylianaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Substantial Improvement ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Intestinal Lesions ◽

Eimeria Spp

One-hundred and fifty, one-day-old Ross-308 female chicks were randomly allocated to five equal treatments: NCONTR negative control—not challenged; PCONTR positive control—challenged; PHERB1 and PHERB2 diets were supplemented with phytogenic formula (1 and 2 g/kg feed, respectively)—challenged; PSALIN diet was supplemented with salinomycin (60 mg/kg feed)—challenged. Challenge was made by oral inoculation with 3.5 × 104 E. acervulina, 7.0 × 103 E. maxima and 5.0 × 103 E. tenella oocysts, at 14 days of age. One week post inoculation, bloody diarrhea, oocysts numbers, and intestinal lesions were evaluated, along with intestinal microbiota, viscosity, and pH of digesta, and histopathology. PHERB2 had a comparable (p ≤ 0.001) growth performance and feed conversion ratio to PSALIN. PHERB1 and PHERB2 had similar (p ≤ 0.001) oocyst counts to PSALIN and lower than PCONTROL. PHERB2 and PSALIN had lower (p ≤ 0.001) jejunal, ileal, and cecal lesion scores compared to PCONTR. PHERB1 and PHERB2 had higher (p ≤ 0.001) jejunal and cecal lactobacilli and lower (p ≤ 0.001) coliform counts compared to other treatments. PCONTR had lower (p ≤ 0.001) jejunum villus height, height to crypt ratio, and villus goblet cells. Breast and thigh meat resistance to oxidation was improved (p ≤ 0.001) in PHERB1 and PHERB2 compared to the PCONTR. The polyherbal formula exerted a substantial improvement on growth performance and intestinal health of the Eimeria-challenged birds.

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Effect of Spearmint (Mentha spicata) on Performance and Blood Serum Parameter of Broiler

JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.24297/jssr.v8i2.6618 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1600-1606

Author(s):

Huda Mohammed Saad Elamin ◽

K.A. Mohamed ◽

Mukhtar A. Mukhtar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Dietary Treatments

The present study was planned to evaluate the response of broiler chicks to diets containing graded levels of spearmint (Mentha spicata). A total of 200 , five days-old, unsexes (cob) broiler chicks were used. Chicks were weighed individually and assigned randomly to five groups of 40 chicks per treatment and each treatment was subdivided to four replicates of 10 chicks each. Five experimental diets were formulated (A, B, C, D and E) to meet the nutrient requirements of broiler chicks. The experimental parameters examined were growth performance, serum metabolite, electrolyte and enzyme activities and economic appreciable. Diet (A) Negative Control (NC), a basal diet without antibiotic or spearmint, diet B as Positive Control (PC) basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (Neomycin 16 mg/Kg), diets C,D and E were basal diet supplemented with spearmint at levels of 1,1.5,and 2%, respectively. Result obtained showed that addition of spearmint improved significantly (P<0.05) the performance (body weight gain and feed conversion ratio) of broiler chicks compared to group fed on NC while no significant (P<0.05) differences between chicks fed on diets supplemented with spearmint and PC group observed, no significantly difference was found in feed consumption between all treated groups. The mortality rate did not influenced by the dietary treatments. Results revealed no significant differences (P<0.05) observed among all treatment groups in the carcass dressing percentages, Supplementation of broiler diets with spearmint at various levels was resulted in significant (p>0.05) reduction of abdominal fat, serum cholesterol, and AST enzyme activity compared to both NC and PC groups while the levels of urea, total protein, glucose and ALP and serum electrolytes levels remained unchanged. The highest profitability ratio (1.13) was obtained from the diet (E) supplemented with 2% spearmint. This study showed that spearmint when added as growth promoter in broiler diets has a similar effect on performance as that of antibiotic without any adverse effects.

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Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2027

Author(s):

Doaa Ibrahim ◽

Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽

Eman Khalifa ◽

Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽

Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Production Costs ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

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A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Julie C. Lynegaard ◽

Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽

Julie K. Bache ◽

Nicolai R. Weber ◽

Christian F. Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Soy Protein Concentrate ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

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Effect of energy to protein ratio using alternative feed ingredients on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1007 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

M. Alqazzaz ◽

A.A. Samsudin ◽

L.H. Idris ◽

D. Ismail ◽

H. Akit

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Protein Ratio ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽

Different Levels

Present study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of energy to protein ratios (EPR) using food waste and black soldier fly larvae meal (FWBSFL) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of 160 one-day old broiler chicks were divided randomly to four groups and each group had 8 replicates with 5 chicks per replicate. The control diet was formulated using conventional feed ingredients with EPR of 154 for the starter period and 167 for the finisher period. The other treatments were diets with normal, low, and high EPR (154,143, and 166 for the starter period; 167, 155, and 177 for the finisher period) using FWBSFL. Feed consumption and body weight gain as well as digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, and fat were decreased due to feeding of FWBSFL diets. Different levels of EPR using FWBSFL decreased growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers.

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Amino acid requirements of pigs. 3. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of pigs in different stages of growth.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v38i3b.16582 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (3B) ◽

pp. 609-622

Author(s):

N.P. Lenis ◽

J.T.M. van Diepen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Net Energy ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Amino Acid Requirements ◽

Limiting Amino Acids

Individual and group housed crossbred pigs 45 to 105 kg and 65 to 95 kg in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were given basal diets with L-threonine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg. Positive and negative control diets contained total threonine 5.7 and 4.5 g/kg, respectively. To prevent other amino acids being limiting, the negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The requirement for total threonine of growing-finishing pigs for maximum growth performance was about 5.6 g/kg in a diet containing net energy 9.4 MJ/kg. This figure corresponds with about 4.7 g/kg apparent faecal digestible threonine and 4.3 apparent ileal digestible threonine. There was no difference between the growing and the finishing pigs. The requirement for ileal digestible threonine, relative to ileal digestible lysine requirement, was about 64%. It is concluded that dietary protein can be reduced by 2 percentage units without any adverse effect on growth performance, if limiting amino acids are sufficiently supplemented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Response of broiler chicks to L-Glutamine feeding in the immediate pre- and post-hatch periods

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i6.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

Author(s):

S. Karamik ◽

C. Kop-Bozbay

Keyword(s):

Digestive System ◽

Muscle Development ◽

System Development ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Villus Height ◽

In Ovo ◽

Small Intestinal

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo and post-hatching supplementation with L-Glutamine (Gln) on hatching characteristics, performance, small intestinal morphology, and muscle development of broilers. At day 18 of incubation, 960 fertilized eggs were allocated to four treatments with six replicates. Eggs were i) not injected (negative control) (NC), ii) subject to the standard incubation procedure (PG), iii) injected with 1 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (positive control) (PC), and iv) injected with 1% Gln solution (IG). On hatching, the SC chicks were fed with 1% Gln for seven days. The remaining chicks were fed a commercial starter feed. After hatching, there were six replicates of 28 birds in each treatment. Hatchability and yolk sac weight were lower and yolk-free chick weight (YFCW), whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and breast muscle weights were higher at hatching for chicks from the IG treatment. At 42 days old, feed conversation ratio (FCR) was lower in birds that had Gln added to their diet than for the other treatments. The FCR was also lower in IG birds than birds in the NC group. The GIT weight, villus height, villus width and crypt depth of the birds receiving dietary supplementation of Gln were greater than those of birds in PC and IG. Thus, in ovo injection of Gln improved hatching characteristics except for hatchability. Further, in ovo and dietary Gln administration reduced FCR by stimulating digestive system development.

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Effect of Janova, Sepia and Ovsynch Protocol on Blood Biochemical Profile and Fertility in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4225 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jitendra Kumar ◽

Sushant Srivastava ◽

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Govind Mohan ◽

Vikas Chaudhiry

Keyword(s):

Animal Husbandry ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Biochemical Profile ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Mineral Mixture ◽

Oestrus Induction

Background: Anoestrus is still one of the most prevalent reproductive disorders in dairy cows despite technological advances in animal husbandry. Evaluation of blood biochemical profile is of diagnostic value to determine disease or health status of animal. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different therapeutic regimen on blood biochemical profile, oestrus induction response and conception rate of anoestrus cows.Methods: Thirty two postpartum anoestrus cows randomly allocated to four groups as G0 (negative control), GI, GII, GIII, GIV and 8 normal cyclic as GV (positive control). Dewormer and mineral mixture administered to GI, GII, GIII, GIV while group GII, GIII and GIV additionally received janova, sepia and Ovsynch protocol respectively.Result: Different therapeutic protocols have variable effects on blood biochemical parameters. Overall oestrus induction response in G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV and GV is 0.00, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5 and 100.00 per cent respectively with corresponding conception rate of 0.00, 75, 80, 66.66, 57.13 and 75.00 per cent. On the basis of findings it can be concluded that aforesaid therapeutic regimens have definite bearings on fertility and can be used to manage postpartum anoestrus in cows.

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