scholarly journals Response of broiler chicks to L-Glutamine feeding in the immediate pre- and post-hatch periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karamik ◽  
C. Kop-Bozbay
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Small Intestinal

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo and post-hatching supplementation with L-Glutamine (Gln) on hatching characteristics, performance, small intestinal morphology, and muscle development of broilers. At day 18 of incubation, 960 fertilized eggs were allocated to four treatments with six replicates. Eggs were i) not injected (negative control) (NC), ii) subject to the standard incubation procedure (PG), iii) injected with 1 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (positive control) (PC), and iv) injected with 1% Gln solution (IG). On hatching, the SC chicks were fed with 1% Gln for seven days. The remaining chicks were fed a commercial starter feed. After hatching, there were six replicates of 28 birds in each treatment. Hatchability and yolk sac weight were lower and yolk-free chick weight (YFCW), whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and breast muscle weights were higher at hatching for chicks from the IG treatment. At 42 days old, feed conversation ratio (FCR) was lower in birds that had Gln added to their diet than for the other treatments. The FCR was also lower in IG birds than birds in the NC group. The GIT weight, villus height, villus width and crypt depth of the birds receiving dietary supplementation of Gln were greater than those of birds in PC and IG. Thus, in ovo injection of Gln improved hatching characteristics except for hatchability. Further, in ovo and dietary Gln administration reduced FCR by stimulating digestive system development.

Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamins on ostrich organ weight, bone characteristics, and small intestinal morphology

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Akbar Zamani ◽  
Farid Shariatmadari ◽  
Shaban Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Dry Bone

A total of 144 ostrich eggs (24 per group) were injected with 4 mL of physiological saline solution [positive control (PC)], carbohydrates (CHO — 20% maltose, 2.5% sucrose, and 2.5% dextrin), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), vitamin B6 solution, and vitamin D3 (vit D3) solution at 38 d of incubation. Injection of 4 mL physiological saline decreased the hatchability compared with negative control (NC) group (not injected eggs) (68.5% vs. 71.7%; P < 0.05). There was also lower hatchability and more number of embryonic deaths before piping in vitamin-injected group (72.2%). Heart, gizzard, pancreas, spleen and thymus, ileum, cecum, and rectum relative weight were not significantly different among treatments at hatch (P > 0.05). Carbohydrates group had higher duodenum and jejunum relative weight, whereas NC and PC groups had the least duodenum, jejunum relative weight (P < 0.05). Vit D3 injection increased bone strength, fresh and dry bone relative weight (P < 0.01). Chicks from HMB and CHO group had the highest levels of glycogen in the livers, whereas PC, NC, and vit D3 exhibited very low levels of glycogen in their liver (P = 0.014). Vitamins in ovo injected groups had the least duodenum villus height and also vit D3 group had the least jejunum villus height (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the use of CHO for the in ovo injection of ostrich hatching eggs would be practical in industry due to improvement in hatchability, bone characteristics, small intestine villus height and capacity, and also liver glycogen sources.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Architecture in Broiler Infected with Salmonella

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeldein M. Abudabos ◽  
Muttahar H. Ali ◽  
Mohammed A. Nassan ◽  
Ahmad A. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

A total of 600 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) confirmed for the absence of Salmonella were randomly allocated to five treatments each with 10 replicates: negative control (basal diet only); positive control (basal diet) + infected with Salmonella; T1, Salmonella infected + avilamycin; T2, Salmonella infected + Bacillus subtilis (ATCC PTA-6737; 2 × 107 CFU/g) and T3, Salmonella infected + B. subtilis (DSM 172999; 1.2 × 106 CFU/g). The results revealed that feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in T1 compared to T2. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in T2 and T3 compared to other treatments. Similarly, the performance efficiency factor (PEF) was also significantly (p < 0.01) higher in T2 and T3 compared to positive control. Villus height was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in T2 compared to all other treatments. However, villus width and surface area were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in T1. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with B. subtilis improved growth and intestinal health by reversing the negative effects of Salmonellosis.

Effects of dietary red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) on growth performance, blood profile, ileal morphology, and oxidative status in weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88+

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonjin Koo ◽  
Sirini Buddhika Amarakoon ◽  
Balachandar Jayaraman ◽  
Yaw L. Siow ◽  
Suvira Prashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Cornus Stolonifera ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twenty-eight piglets weaned at 21 days of age (6.94 ± 0.28 kg of body weight) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 14 days: 1) negative control (NC; a corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet), 2) positive control (PC; NC + 0.025% antimicrobial growth promoter [AGP]), 3) ROD2 (2% red-osier dogwood [ROD]), and 4) ROD4 (4% ROD). All pigs were orally inoculated with Escherichia coli K88+ on day 8. The pre-planned orthogonal test was performed to compare 1) NC vs. PC and 2) NC vs. ROD. The inclusion of ROD in a nursery diet increased (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the serum. Moreover, pigs fed with ROD diets had shallower (P < 0.05) crypt depth and higher (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio than those fed the NC diet. Dietary AGP supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the MDA concentration in the ileum and serum at 24 h after challenge and improved (P < 0.01) the SOD activities in the serum. In conclusion, the inclusion of ROD in a nursery diet enhanced the antioxidative defense system and intestinal morphology, showing comparable effects with AGP supplementation.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Delivery Route: Effect on Broiler Chicken’s Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Intestinal Morphology, Immune, and Antioxidant Status

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3386
Author(s):  
Samson Oladokun ◽  
Janice MacIsaac ◽  
Bruce Rathgeber ◽  
Deborah Adewole
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oil Blend

This study evaluated the effect of an essential oil blend and its delivery routes on broiler chicken growth performance, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and immune and antioxidant status. Eggs were incubated and allotted to 3 groups: non-injected group, in ovo saline group, and in ovo essential oil group. On d 18 of incubation, essential oil in saline or saline alone was injected into the amnion. At hatch, chicks were assigned to post-hatch treatment combinations (1) in ovo essential oil + in-water essential oil (in ovo + in-water EO); (2) in ovo essential oil (in ovo EO); (3) in ovo saline; (4) in-water essential oil; (5) in-feed antibiotics (Bacitracin methylene disalicylate) and (6) a negative control (NC; corn-wheat-soybean diet) in 8 replicate cages (6 birds/cage) and raised for 28 d. The in ovo EO group reduced (p < 0.05) chick length and hatchability, all groups recorded no difference in growth performance at 0–28 d. The in ovo + in-water EO treatment reduced (p < 0.05) blood creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels whilst increasing (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity in birds. The in ovo + in-water delivery of EO might represent a potential antibiotic reduction strategy for the poultry industry but more research is needed to address the concern of reduced hatchability.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKEN TO INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROSEMARY OIL(ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Positive Effect

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler  subjected  to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300  eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of  0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of  0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability  percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected eggs was significantly (P < 0.05) highest through the experiment. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved with in ovo administration of rosemary oil at 0.075 and 0.1 ml doses. In addition, the level of  blood cholesterol and blood glucose  were decreased (p<0.05) in birds from rosemary oil-injected eggs.  The obtained data showed a positive effect of in-ovo injection of rosemary  oil on stimulating bird's immunity.

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Yining Xie ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control diet (CON), 3 diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (XOS100, XOS500, and XOS1000). There were 4 replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From d 1 to 14, there were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOS showed a quadratic effect on BW on d 28, ADG and G:F d 1-28 of piglets (P &lt; 0.05). From d 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (d 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on d 14 and 28 (P &lt; 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on d 14 and 28 (P &lt;0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 group. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of Occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in the ileum compared to the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 group were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than CON group. In conclusion, xylo-oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Improvement of gut morphology and meat quality of broiler chickens by encapsulated citral and cinnamaldehyde

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Chongwu Yang ◽  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Marion Mogire ◽  
Argenis Rodas-González ◽  
Moussa S Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Gut Morphology

Abstract This study investigated the effects of encapsulated citral (CIT) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and meat quality in broilers. A total of 320 0-day-age male broilers (Cobb 500) were allocated 32 pens with 8 pens per treatment. The treatments included: 1) Corn-wheat-SBM basal diet (negative control); 2) basal diet with 30 ppm avilamycin premix (positive control); 3) basal diet with 50 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCL); 4) basal diet with 100 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCH). There were no significant differences between treatments in growth performance (P &gt; 0.05) at each feeding stage. Additionally, birds had similar relative organ weights of heart, liver, spleen and bursa (P &gt; 0.05). The higher ratios of villus height to crypt depth (VCR; P ≤ 0.05) were detected in broilers fed either CCL or CCH, with an average being 14.67 and 15.13 in the duodenum, and 15.13 and 13.58 in the jejunum, respectively. Regarding meat quality, a higher pH value (pH = 6.21) in the breast was observed in 24-h post mortem chickens fed CCL (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences of pH were detected in the breast in 96-h post mortem birds. The breast color (redness, yellowness, and lightness) in either 24-h or 96-h post mortem chickens was not significantly different among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). No change in purge loss (%) was observed in the breast after 48 h. The severity of white striping (WS) or woody meat (WB) was higher in the positive control (WS = 0.58; WB = 0.15) than in other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary treatment with encapsulated CIT and CIN improved gut morphology and meat quality of broilers by increasing VCR in the small intestine and reducing the severity of WS/WB in the breast, respectively, without affecting growth performance.

scholarly journals Dietary chitosan-Cu chelate affects growth performance and small intestinal morphology and apoptosis in weaned piglets.

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
X. Yue ◽  
L. Hu ◽  
X. Fu ◽  
M. Lv ◽  
X. Han
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Small Intestinal

The effects of dietary chitosan-copper chelate (CS-Cu) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal morphology and epithelial cell apoptosis in weaned piglets was investigated. One hundred and sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weanling barrows with an average body weight of 7.75 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub>, (3) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub> mixed with chitosan (CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS), (4) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CS-Cu. The feeding trial lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the pigs receiving a diet containing CS-Cu had higher average daily gain and lower diarrhea incidence than the pigs receiving dietary CuSO<sub>4</sub> and CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. Villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were higher and crypt depth was lower in CS-Cu treated pigs than in pigs fed dietary CuSO<sub>4 </sub>or CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. An apparent decrease of ileal epithelial cell apoptosis in pigs fed CS-Cu diet was found. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in pigs fed dietary CS-Cu than in those fed other diets. The results indicated that dietary CS-Cu showed better biological and physiological function in improving small intestinal morphology and reducing diarrhea incidence.

Carbohydrase enzymes improve performance of broilers fed both nutritionally adequate and marginal wheat-based diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wu ◽  
M. Choct ◽  
S. B. Wu ◽  
Y. G. Liu ◽  
R. A. Swick
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

SummaryA study was conducted to examine the effects of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme complex on the nutritive value of wheat in diets differing in nutrient density. It was hypothesised that response to enzyme inclusion would be greater in diets with lower nutrient density. The study was conducted using 1008 Ross 308 male broiler chicks (four treatments with seven replicate pens of 36 chicks). A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed. Factors were adequate or low nutrient density with or without enzyme supplementation. The wheat-soybean meal based positive control (PC) diet was formulated to be nutritionally adequate in energy and digestible amino acids according to local industry recommendations. A negative control (NC) was formulated to have 80 kcal/kg less ME and 1.5% less digestible amino acids as compared to the PC. A multi-carbohydrase complex containing 19 carbohydrase activities derived from Penicillium funiculosum was added in both the PC and NC diets (Rovabio® Excel LC, Adisseo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore). Birds fed the NC had 3.7 points (P < 0.05) poorer FCR than the PC. Across the diet type, enzyme supplementation increased body weight by 3.2% (P < 0.05) and improved FCR by 5.2 points (P < 0.01). There was no nutrient density x enzyme interaction (P > 0.05), indicating that performance improvement was independent of nutrient density. Apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein followed a similar trend, showing a 4.9% enhancement (P < 0.01) with the inclusion of the enzyme product in either diet. Enzyme supplementation reduced ileal viscosity by 39.0% (P < 0.05). It was concluded that multi-carbohydrase could overcome the negative effect in broiler performance brought by nutrient reduction, however, there was no indication that nutrient density affected bird response to supplementation of multi-carbohydrase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document