scholarly journals Evaluation of the Fertilizing and Nematicidal Effects of Lixiviate from Banana Rachis and Purpureocillium lilacinum for a Reduction of Fallow Frequency in Dessert Banana Monoculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Serge Pacôme Seri DembyLaetitia Muriel Kouadio ◽  
Phillipe Gnonhouri Louise Turquin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Potassium Content

The practice of fallowing for one year represents a viable alternative to chemical control of Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus coffeae in dessert banana monoculture. Although necessary, fallowing has an economic disadvantage for farmers. The objective of this work is to evaluate the nematicidal and fertilizing effects of lixiviate from banana rachis and Purpureocillium lilacinum in order to reduce the frequency of fallowing. In this study, we performed a chemical analysis of the lixiviate and then compared the two types (plantain lixiviate and dessert lixiviate) at 25% concentration, Bioact (Purpureocillium lilacinum) at 106 spores/ml) and two mixed treatments (plantain lixiviate + Bioact and dessert lixiviate + Bioact) to an untreated control and a reference nematicide, fluopyram at 10% (Verango) during three cycles of cultivation of the dessert banana seedling Grande naine. At the end of each crop cycle, the evolution of the nematode population and the yield of banana plants were evaluated. Chemical analysis revealed a high potassium content in both products and a more remarkable amount of nitrogen in the plantain lixiviate. The results showed that Bioact did not show antagonistic effect against nematodes and impact on production. On the other hand, despite less nematicidal activity, the lixiviate significantly increased the yield compared to the chemical nematicide treatment. Therefore, only in the plots treated with lixiviate, it was possible to carry out several successive crop cycles. This result was more marked with the plantain lixiviate. The results presented in this work are encouraging for the development of biological control methods of banana nematodes by lixiviate.

DOUBLE BLIND FLUID THERAPY EVALUATION IN PEDIATRIC CHOLERA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-931
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gutman ◽  
David J. Drutz ◽  
George E. Whalen ◽  
Raymond H. Watten
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Replacement Solution ◽  
Lactated Ringer's Solution ◽  
High Potassium Content

Pediatric cholera has often had higher morbidity and mortality than adult cholera when treated in the same fashion. Because children have a greater need for free water and, in addition, produce cholera stools which are appreciably lower in sodium concentration than adult stools, the use of isotonic or hypertonic intravenous solutions designed for adults has been held partially responsible for the higher figures. Moreover, such solutions often contain insufficient dextrose, potassium, and alkali for optimal treatment of pediatric cholera. A pediatric cholera replacement solution (PCRS) formulated to overcome these problems was field tested in double blind fashion against lactated Ringer's solution in children with acute cholera. PCRS resulted in more rapid return of normal potassium and bicarbonate values, over-came the tendency toward hypoglycemia, and reduced the need for oral fluids. Despite its hypotonic composition and high potassium content, it produced neither hyponatremia nor hyperkalemia. The utility and safety of plasma specific gravity as a means of objectively quantitating the degree of dehydration in children is emphasized.

scholarly journals Macronutrients Use Efficiency and Phosphorus Exportation by Melon Plants in Response to Fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
José Israel Pinheiro ◽  
Adriana Guirado Artur ◽  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Jaciane Rosa Maria de Souza ◽  
William Natale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Unripe Fruits

This study aimed to evaluate macronutrients use efficiency and phosphorus accumulation, partition and partial balance in the melon hybrid Goldex F1, in response to mineral and organic fertilizers. The following fertilizations were evaluated: mineral fertilizer; bovine manure; bovine manure associated with mineral fertilizer; poultry litter; and poultry litter associated with mineral fertilizer. Plants were collected and separated into leaves, stem, and flowers and, when there were, unripe and ripe fruits for chemical analysis. Phosphorus accumulation increased along the melon crop cycle. Phosphorus partition between leaves + stems + flowers and unripe fruits + ripe fruits showed that about 80% of P was allocated to the fruits. The decreasing order of use by the plant was S > P > Mg > Ca > N > K. Only the treatment with poultry litter was within the range considered as adequate for P recovery. Mineral and organic fertilizers did not interfere with nutrient accumulation and P partition by the melon plants.

Studies of Ancient Glass and Their Application to Nuclear-Waste Management

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Römich
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Nuclear Waste Management ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Ancient Glass ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
High Potassium Content

AbstractDuring several hundred years of burial in the soil, glass objects, especially those with the high potassium content of medieval compositions, develop heavily corroded surfaces, showing phenomena such as local pitting, laminated layers, and browning effects. The long-term behavior of glass in the soil or in contact with groundwater is not only of interest to glass scientists with a background in archaeology, but also for those with a special interest in nuclear-waste management. Several attempts have been made to propose the decomposition of ancient glasses as an indicator for the performance of buried nuclear-waste glasses. In spite of differences in glass composition and exposure conditions, the development of alteration or corrosion layers with time is a common concern, as shown in this article. Laboratory experiments, representing a simplified model for real conditions, offer the possibility for systematic investigations.

Effects of nematode infection and mulching on the yield of plantain (Musa spp., AAB-group) ratoon crops and plantation longevity in southeastern Nigeria

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Auwerkerken ◽  
Thomas Dubois ◽  
Bart De Schutter ◽  
Paul Speijer ◽  
Omalara Rotimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Infection ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Plant Crop

AbstractThe effects of nematode infection and mulching on plantain cv. Agbagba (Musa spp., AAB-group, false horn) yield and plantation longevity were examined in a field experiment at the High Rainfall Station of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) at Onne in southeastern Nigeria. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th crop cycles (1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, respectively) following the plant crop cycle (mother crop) were examined in nematode inoculated or non-inoculated and mulched or non-mulched treatments. Nematodes (Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and, to a lesser extent, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hoplolaimus pararobustus and Meloidogyne spp.) were inoculated at planting of the mother plant, but were also present in relatively high population densities in the non-inoculated treatments at harvest of the 1st crop cycle. Plants inoculated with nematodes failed to reach harvest and neither did plants in the non-inoculated non-mulched treatments in any ratoon. Only non-inoculated mulched plants reached harvest, producing 0.85, 1.22 and 0.2 Mg ha−1, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, taking toppled, broken and dead plants into consideration. Mulched plants were larger, had more suckers, survived longer and had healthier root systems compared with non-mulched plants. Damage to roots was greater in the inoculated plants compared with the non-inoculated plants for the 1st and 2nd ratoons but not for the 3rd ratoon. Radopholus similis was most strongly associated with root damage (percentage root necrosis and dead roots), although H. multicinctus population densities were also positively correlated with percentage root necrosis. At flowering of the 1st ratoon, 71% of the inoculated non-mulched plants were dead compared with only 1% of the non-inoculated mulched plants. Helicotylenchus multicinctus remained the most abundant nematode throughout the experiment. Together with R. similis, it comprised over 95% of the plant-parasitic nematode population.

scholarly journals Development of an Araucaria araucana Beer-like Beverage: Process and Product

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Angélica Durán ◽  
José Reyes-De-Corcuera ◽  
Gustavo Garay ◽  
Pedro Valencia ◽  
Alejandra Urtubia
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Araucaria Araucana ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
High Potassium Content

The seed from the Araucaria araucana (in Spanish, piñon) tree, native to Chile and Argentina, is sold mainly as raw seed. Engineering a process to add value to piñon has the potential to positively impact local indigenous communities with very little ecological impact because it is routinely harvested in the wild. This study evaluated the feasibility of using 100% piñon, or as a blend with barley malt, to produce a beer-like beverage, while also evaluating consumer acceptance of the beverage’s piñon characteristics. Prototypes generated based on 93% piñon and 7% oat (enzymatic treatment of α-amylase, glucoamylase, protease and β-glucanase), as well as 50% piñon and 50% barley (no external enzymatic treatment), were evaluated. Overall acceptability by a consumer acceptance panel (21 consumers) rated the 100% piñon and the piñon–barley malt blend 5/9 and 7/9, respectively. The piñon–barley malt blend prototype stood out for its low level of carbohydrates, high potassium content and banana and clove aromas.

scholarly journals CULTURAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS STRAINS

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
V. S. Rusaleyev ◽  
О. V. Pruntova ◽  
D. A. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
One Year

A decrease in therapeutic effect of some live lacto- and bifdobacteria-based drugs for veterinary use has been observed for the last 20 years that urges scientists to search for new microorganisms possessing probiotic properties. Many studies in this feld are focused onBacillus subtilisthat is widespread in the environment and non-pathogenic for animals and humans. Results of tests ofBacillus subtilisfor its biological properties and antagonistic activity aimed at optimization of methodical approaches for detection of strain with the highest antagonistic effect on some opportunistic microorganisms and their further use as probiotics are described. Cultural morphological and biochemical characteristics of the tested strains conformed to the species characteristics ofBacillus subtilis.Tested strains were nonpathogenic for white mice. Tests showed that spore biomass could be prepared both in liquid and on solid nutrient media. Methodically, spore biomass preparation in liquid nutrient medium is preferable. The tests showed that spores emerged from anabiosis non-uniformly and it depended on original seed spore storage period. Spore cultures stored less than one year emerged from anabiosis more quickly. It was found that the spores formed more readily when the cultures were aerated with oxygen as well as that lag-phase culture medium had a stimulating effect onBacillus subtilisspore germination.Bacillus subtilisstrains were found to have antagonistic effect onEscherichia coli, SalmonellaandStaphylococcus. Area of growth inhibition of the said bacteria was 15–20 mm. TestedBacillus subtilisstrains could be proposed for use as probiotics.

Kaersutite-bearing gabbroic inclusions and the late dike swarm of Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (311) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kent Brooks ◽  
R. G. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Angle ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Dike Swarm ◽  
Lower Tertiary ◽  
Sheet Silicates ◽  
High Potassium Content

SummaryThe Kangerdlugssuaq late dike swarm, which strikes at a high angle to the well-known East Greenland coastal swarm, is described and chemical analyses presented. The basic members are characterized by a high potassium content. A variety of kaersutite-bearing gabbroic inclusions in one member of this swarm is described in detail and microprobe analyses of clinopyroxenes, amphiboles, plagioclases, sheet silicates, and spinel minerals are presented. On the basis of this evidence it is deduced that these inclusions derive from a cumulate sequence formed at depths of between 5 and 10 km beneath the Lower Tertiary land surface. It is likely that fractionation of such assemblages causes a transition, at relatively low pressure, from undersaturated to oversaturated compositions, but the products appear to be quantitatively minor.

Stability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and quality traits in betelvine (Piper betle L.) genotypes under three different sets of conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Tirkey ◽  
Vibha Ramtake ◽  
S. S. Porte ◽  
P. K. Joshi ◽  
N. Khare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
High Potassium Content

Betelvine (Piper betle L.) is commonly consumed as betel quid or paan with areca nut and/or tobacco; and also utilized in Indian medicine systems and in religious ceremonies. The betel production is highly erratic and so is the income of farmers due to natural climatic factors and spoilage during transport. It is therefore important to improve its productivity per vine and per unit area to meet the demand. Correlation, path coefficient and stability analysis was carried out in fifteen genotypes of betelvine including 3 checks under three protected structures, namely, Bareja (E1), Poly tunnel (E2) and Net tunnel (E3). Among the three structures, Net tunnel was found suitable for the cultivation of betelvine in Chhattisgarh. With respect to quality parameters, Meetha paan (2.65 g/100g) followed by Billori (2.23 g/100g) found to have high protein content. Meetha paan (5.89g/100g) followed by Meetha-cum-bangla (5.36g/100g) was also found to possess high starch content. However, low fiber content was recorded in Meetha pan (1.83g/100g), whereas high potassium content was found in Ramtake meetha (933mg/100g) followed by Bidhan pan (991mg/100g). The genotype, Karapaku possessed high potassium content (2.67mg/g). Hedonic five point scale for organolaptic test showed Meetha paan (2.3/5) followed by Bali paan (2.4/5) were less pungent among genotype studied. Highest shelf life was found in genotype Karapaku and Bhaichigudi (18days). The results indicated that number of leaves per vein were positively correlated with leaf width (0.802 and 0.819) followed by leaf area (0.790 and 0.808), leaf area index (0.782 and 0.800), leaf length (0.745 and 0.759), specific leaf weight (0.681 and 0.709), petiole length (0.658 and 0.705), diameter of internodes (0.484 and 0.559) and R-value (0.112 and 0.110) at both phenotypic and genotypic level, respectively. Path analysis identified leaf width (0.8772) and leaf length (0.4712) had direct effects on leaf yield at phenotypic level. Highest positive direct effect on leaf yield was exerted by leaf area (1.3544) followed by leaf width (0.8986) at genotypic level. These characters can be used as selection criterion in a breeding programme to develop varieties of betelvine with high leaf yield. The stability analysis under three different protected structures viz; E1, E2, E3 indicated that the genotypes, Karapaku, Bhaichigudi and Maghai pan are stable across the environment for leaf yield.

Pipes Life Prolonging Possibility in Boilers Fired up by Municipal Waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Vlatko Marušić ◽  
Sergiy Kovalevskyy ◽  
Ivan Samardžić ◽  
Ivan Opačak ◽  
Luka Marušić
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
One Year

This paper describes the specifics of the waste incineration boiler with natural circulation fueled with municipal waste. During operation, certain parts of the boiler are exposed to corrosion and erosion due to effect of particles from the flue gas stream at high temperature. Tests have been performed which include sediment and pipe damage after one year of boiler work. Chemical analysis of sediment samples was taken from the tubes was determined presence of NaCl and Fe compounds and share from 18 % organic substances in the presence of SO3.

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