scholarly journals Effects on C-phycocyanin content of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis of culture medium containing geothermal water.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Sibel Bayıl Oğuzkan ◽  
Betül Kut Güroy
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Experimental Group

This research aimed to compare effects on product quality and algal growth of inoculation ratio of Arthrospira platensis in the culture medium containing 20% geothermal water. A. platensis was inoculated at the ratio of 1/6, 1/10, and 1/20 of nutrient medium volume (2500 mL). The experiment medium was prepared with 20% geothermal water and 80% distilled water. Schlösser medium, 100% geothermal water medium, and 100% distilled water were used as the control group. At the end of the experiment, Spirulina biomass was obtained by filtration through 80-micron plankton cloth and freeze-dried at -60 °C. Increasing inoculation density shortened the culture time and increased the growth rate compared to the other groups. The best growth among the experimental groups was obtained in a 1/6 ratio inoculated Spirulina group in a 20% geothermal water medium. Among the experimental groups, dry biomass was obtained in the Spirulina group inoculated at 1/6 in only 20% geothermal water medium. The optical density value was 0.989 (A750), and the biomass yield was 0.476 g/L in the experimental group, the highest among the Schlösser groups was 1.259 (A750), and the biomass yield was 0.928 g/L. The most efficient growth and phycocyanin content was determined in the 1/6 inoculated groups. The phycocyanin content in the experimental group was found in 22.49%, and the purity rate was 2.24. In control groups, 3.73 purity and 28.62% phycocyanin were determined in the Schlösser medium. While 48.42% protein was detected in the geothermal water group, 61.64% was obtained with the Schlösser medium.

Effects of Garcinia Cambogia on the Weights of Normal Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2956-2957
Author(s):  
Gul Afshan ◽  
Ponum Mirani ◽  
Imtiaz Aslam ◽  
Sobia Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Smart Drugs ◽  
Group I ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim: Effects of available weight reducing drugs on the weights of a normal albino mice. Methodology: In this study, total 39 adult albino mice were used and were divided in three groups containing 13 animals in each. Group I served as control and was given 1 ml of distilled water once a day for 8 weeks. Group II and Group III served as experimental group and mice in these groups were given 0.5 mg of Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus drugs dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water respectively once a day for 8 weeks. To support these results weights of kidneys were also measured and relative tissue width index was calculated and compared with control group. Results: The weight of the animals increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. The overall difference for final weight among three groups was highly significant with p-value <0.01. When final weight compared group wise, the experimental groups had significantly higher weight as compared to control with p-values <0.01and 0.028 Conclusion: Both Ultra Slim Plus and Slim Smart drugs cause weight to increase in the individuals who are not obese and have BMI in normal range Keywords: Weight loss, Garcinia Cambodia, kidney, Albino mice

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Selected Philippine Indigenous Berries as Potential Food Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 684-684
Author(s):  
Maria Amelita Estacio ◽  
Liezl Atienza ◽  
Roxanne Gapasin ◽  
Jonna Rose Maniwang ◽  
James Ryan Aranzado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Objectives “Bignay” (Antidesma bunius), “lipote” (Syzygium polycephaloides) and “duhat” (Syzgium cumini) are indigenous berries in the Philippines that are known to contain high antioxidant properties and other health-promoting and disease-preventing compounds. However, oral toxicity studies on these berries are not yet explored. Hence, this study evaluated the acute oral toxicity of these berries in freeze-dried forms using 6-week old ICR mice following the OECD guidelines 425 (up and down method). Methods Treatment groups were administered with freeze-dried powders of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” reconstituted in distilled water at various doses: 55 mg/kg body weight (BW), 175 mg/kg BW, 550 mg/kg BW, 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW while control group was administered with distilled water. Body weight, feed and water intake were obtained daily. Biochemical profiles were measured prior to administration of reconstituted berries at day 1 and prior to euthanasia. Toxicity, morbidity and mortality cases were observed daily. Euthanasia and necropsy were performed to check for gross organ abnormalities. Results Mice that received the different concentrations of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” had normal feed and water consumption and gained weight during the test period. No clinical and behavioral signs of toxicity were observed and there was zero morbidity and mortality. Post-mortem evaluation showed no lesions on various organs examined. Blood ALT, BUN and creatinine levels were within normal published values. Conclusions These results show that different concentrations of freeze-dried “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” are non-toxic using ICR mice and therefore have high potential to be developed into food supplements and nutraceuticals. Funding Sources Philippine Council for Health Research and Development - Department of Food Science and Technology Enhanced Creative Work and Research Grant - Office of Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of the Philippines.

scholarly journals The effect of zoledronate on bone remodeling during the healing process

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Almeida Matos ◽  
Francisco Pereira Araújo ◽  
Fábio Brasileiro Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Group A ◽  
Experimental Group

PURPOSE: To check the effect of zoledronate in bone remodeling during bone healing. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were divided into two groups of fifteen animals each (control and experimental group respectively). Shaft osteotomy was performed on the cranial portion of the fibula of each animal. In the experimental group, a single dose of 0.04mg/kg of zoledronate was administered. In the control group, the same volume of bi-distilled water was administered. After one, two and four weeks, animals of both groups were killed and histological sections of the fibular metaphyseal area were examined histomorphometrically. The parameters analyzed were tissue volume (TV), fractional trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and fractional medullary fibrous volume (FbV/TV). RESULTS: Tissue volume increased in the experimental group (237.2mm².10-2) compared to the control (166.62mm².10-2). Trabecular bone volume was significantly larger in the experimental (60.2%) than in the control group (34.8%).The amount of fibrosis volume decreased in the experimental group (22%) compared to the control (49.4%). CONCLUSION: The effect of zoledronate is characterized by accentuated stimulus of bone formation in the metaphyseal area, resulting in a larger amount of trabecular bone volume and little fibrosis volume.

80 REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES LEVEL IN PIG EMBRYOS CULTURED IN PRESENCE OF HYALURONAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
B. Gajda ◽  
M. Kucia ◽  
Z. Smorag ◽  
M. Romek
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Experimental Group

It has been reported that during in vitro embryo culture reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and are detrimental to embryo development. A recent study (Smorag et al., Proc. 9th ICPR, 2013, 110) demonstrated that an addition of 1 mg mL–1 of hyaluronan (HA) to porcine embryo culture medium improves the development of zygote to blastocyst stage and the quality of produced embryos. Moreover, the embryos cultured with HA showed lower inner mitochondrial membrane potential (Romek et al., 2015 Proc. Symp. Progress in Cell Biology: Mitochondria and Chloroplast, Krakow, 31). Based on the beneficial effect provided by supplementation of HA during embryo culture, we investigated the ROS level in porcine embryos cultured with HA. Porcine zygotes were obtained surgically after flushing the oviducts of superovulated and inseminated gilts. In the experimental group, zygotes were cultured up to the blastocyst stage in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 1 mg mL–1 of HA (CROMA, Pharma GmbH, Leobendorf, Austria), in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2 in air, at 39°C. In the control group, HA supplementation was omitted. To measure ROS level, embryos at the stages 2–4 and 8–16 cell, morula, and blastocyst (experimental group) and zygote, 2–4 and 8–16 cell, morula, and blastocyst (control group) were labelled with 5 μM CM-H2DCFDA dye (Molecular Probes Inc., OR, USA) for 30 min at 39°C. Labelled embryos were then examined under a Nikon Eclipse microscope with a CCD camera. The total amount of fluorescence emitted from each individual embryos and proportional to the ROS level was measured in arbitrary units. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test. ROS level (mean ± standard error of the mean) in the experimental group was 8.21 ± 2.65 (n = 25), 10.31 ± 3.13 (n = 18), 9.08 ± 2.89 (n = 21), and 20.45 ± 2.38 (n = 31) for 2–4 cell, 8–16 cell, morula, and blastocyst, respectively, whereas in the control group was 9.15 ± 3.43 (n = 15), 7.11 ± 3.13 (n = 18), 8.67 ± 3.04 (n = 19), 11.47 ± 2.46 (n = 29), and 54.74 ± 2.89 (n = 21) for zygote, 2–4 cell, 8–16 cell, morula, and blastocyst, respectively. For experimental and control groups, ROS levels remained unchanged up to morula. On the contrary, at the blastocyst stage from the experimental group ROS level decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison with blastocysts from the control group. In conclusion, porcine blastocysts derived from zygotes cultured with supplementation of 1 mg of HA possess a significantly lower ROS level than blastocysts cultured without HA. This suggests that HA supplementation in culture medium can reduce the ROS level in porcine cultured blastocysts. The project was funded by the National Science Center based on decision number DEC-2012/07/B/NZ9/01326.

73 LIPID CONTENT AND CRYOTOLERANCE OF PORCINE EMBRYOS CULTURED WITH PHENAZINE ETHOSULFATE

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gajda ◽  
M. Romek ◽  
I. Grad ◽  
E. Krzysztofowicz ◽  
M. Bryla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Cell Number ◽  
Phenazine Ethosulfate ◽  
Experimental Group

In this study, the addition of phenazine ethosulfate (PES) to culture medium was investigated for its effect on cytoplasmic lipid content in cultured pig embryo and survival after open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification (Vajta et al. 1997 Acta Vet. Scand. 38, 363–366). In addition, in cultured blastocysts, the total cell number per blastocyst and the degree of apoptosis were assessed. Porcine zygotes were cultured up to the blastocyst stage in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 0 (control, n = 146) or 0.05 μM PES (n = 150). To evaluate the lipid content in embryos, we employed Nile Red (NR), a fluorescent dye specific for intracellular lipids (Genicot et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 1181–1194). We measured the amount of fluorescence originating from NR using LSM 510 Meta Zeiss confocal microscope and ImageJ version 1.38x software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) and an Integrated Density (ID) parameter. The total amount of fluorescence per embryo (TF), proportional to the amount of lipids, was calculated as the sum of ID measured for all optical slices in each individual z-stack. Blastocysts that were cultured with (n = 48) or without PES (n = 34) were vitrified using OPS technology. Results were analysed using chi-square, Fisher, and Student’s t-tests. The total number of cells and the percentage of TUNEL-positive nuclei of PES-treated blastocysts were significantly different than for the control group (43.6 v. 37.6; P < 0.05 and 1.6 v. 2.9; P < 0.01, respectively). Blastocysts stained with Nile Red fluorescent dye showed intracellular lipid mainly localised to the lipid droplets. They were present both in the embryoblast and trophoblast cells. Mean values of TF estimated for the experimental group was lower by ∼23% than those of the control group. Thereby, blastocysts of the control group possess a higher content of lipids then those found in the experimental group cultured in medium with 0.05 μM PES (P < 0.001). The survival rate of vitrified blastocysts was slightly enhanced, although not significantly, in the presence of PES compared to the PES-free group (44.8 and 37.1%, respectively). These results showed that culturing porcine embryos in medium with phenazine ethosulfate supplementation increased the total cell number per blastocyst and reduced the index of DNA fragmentation of cultured blastocysts. Use of PES in porcine culture medium reduced the cytoplasmic lipid content, as measured by fluorescence of blastocysts stained with Nile Red. However, the use of PES during in vitro culture had a limited effect on porcine blastocyst survival after vitrification. This study was partially supported by Grant NR 12 0036 06 from NCBiR, Poland.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an experimental model for anorectal anomalies induced by ethylenethiourea

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Macedo ◽  
José Luiz Martins ◽  
Karine Furtado Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Anorectal Anomaly ◽  
Anorectal Anomalies ◽  
Associated Malformations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

PURPOSE: To evaluate an experimental model for anorectal anomalies and their principal associated malformations induced by ethylene thiourea (ETU). METHODS: Rat fetuses were utilized, divided into two groups: experimental group - fetuses from rats that received ETU on the 11th day of gestation at the dose of 125 mg/kg, diluted in distilled water to 1% concentration (12.5 ml/kg); and control group - fetuses from rats that received distilled water alone, at a volume of 12.5 ml/kg. On the 21st day of gestation, the animals were sacrificed by hypoxia in a carbon dioxide chamber, followed by laparotomy to remove the fetuses. These were initially examined externally to determine the sex and whether anorectal anomalies and malformations of the vertebral column and tail were present. Then, with the aid of microscopy, the fetuses underwent exploratory laparotomy to characterize the type of anorectal anomaly and investigate urological malformations. RESULTS: None of the fetuses in the control group presented anorectal anomaly, vertebral column malformation or urological structural alterations. In the experimental group, 71% presented anorectal anomaly, 80% presented vertebral column alterations and 35% presented urological alterations. CONCLUSION: The model described was shown to be easy to implement and presented results that allow its use in studying anorectal anomalies and associated malformations.

scholarly journals Effects of myo-inositol concentration on growth and pigments of Nannochloropsis oculata culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Yaşar DURMAZ ◽  
Gökhun Çağatay ERBİL
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group

Inositols are used as growth promoting agents over plants. But microalgae are different from higher plant especially photosynthetic efficiency and productivity. According to the results of this study, myo-inositol addition to the culture medium of Nannochloropsis oculata provides higher cell densities. 100 mg L-1 myo-inositol added experimental group was reached to 1.42 fold cell mL-1, while the 500 mg L-1 myo-inositol added group was reached to 1.28 fold cell mL-1 than the control group. Mean chlorophyll a per cell amounts were calculated for experimental groups and control groups as 0.052 pg cell-1 and 0.053 pg cell-1, respectively. Mean total carotene per cell amounts were calculated for all groups as 0.016 pg cell-1. These results show that no difference was occurred between all groups by chlorophyll a and total carotene amounts per cell. This study shows that myo-inositol use in microalgae production may provide higher yields.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG RATS BY USING NANOSTRUCTURED DRUG

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
A.I. Girfanov ◽  
◽  
G.B. Bozova ◽  
V.E. Katnov ◽  
V.O. Ezhkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this work is to study the growth and development of young rats after oral admin-istration of different doses of a complex preparation on the basis of nanozeolite and amino acids. The object of the study were white rats of the Wistar breed (n=12), aged 1 month. The integrated product asked animals mixed with grain, the control group received grain, kneaded with distilled water. Studied the changes of live weight gain of animals. Found that the best results in comparison with the control group, showed the first and third experimental group, the maximum result was ob-served in the third group.

scholarly journals Aspartame-based Sweetener as a Strong Ant Poison: Falsifying an Urban Legend?

Sociobiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni Sorvari ◽  
Marja-Katariina Haatanen
Keyword(s):  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Urban Legend ◽  
Overall Mortality

Information about the usability of artificial sweeteners, mainly aspartame, for controlling pest ants has spread widely in the internet. With a laboratory experiment we tested the effect of an aspartame based sweetener on the mortality of the black garden ant Lasius niger, a common pest ant in kitchens in Europe. The aspartame-based sweetener was added to the laboratory jelly food of ants in the experimental group (16 colonies). The control group (14 colonies) received otherwise similar jelly but without the aspartame-based sweetener. During the 35 day period of experiment we did not find any signs of aspartame induced mortality in tested ants. In addition, 135 colony founding L. niger queens were submerged in a sweetener solution (artificial sweetener + distilled water) and 135 queens were submerged in distilled water (control). The overall mortality was very low (<1.5%) and no between-group differences in mortality were found within 24 and 96 hours. Our results strongly oppose the rumors that aspartame sweeteners are effective as an ant poison, at least with a typical dose of household aspartame products.

scholarly journals The Effect of a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Gel on Mercury and Silver Ion Release from Admixed and Spherical Dental Amalgams

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Kasraei ◽  
Loghman Rezaei-Soufi ◽  
Mohaddese Azarsina
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 16 percent carbamide peroxide gel on mercury and silver ions released from admixed and spherical dental amalgams. Methods and Materials A total of 96 amalgam discs were prepared from two different types and brands of dental amalgam (admixed and spherical). The samples were stored at room temperature in glass tubes containing distilled water for 24 hours. The specimens were then polished and again immersed in distilled water at room temperature and stored for one month. Samples of both types of dental amalgam were treated with carbamide peroxide 16 percent gel (Nite White, Discus Dental, Inc., Culver City, CA, USA) for 14 and 28 hours (experimental group) and compared to samples not exposed to the bleaching agent but stored continuously in distilled water. Mercury and silver levels of each solution were measured using the VAV–440 analyzer system. Results Mercury and silver ions released from the experimental group were significantly greater than from the control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean levels of mercury and silver ions in the two kinds of amalgams after treatment with 16 percent carbamide peroxide (p=0.119 for mercury and p=0.199 for silver). Increasing the storage time in the carbamide peroxide gel from 14 to 28 hours did not result in significant changes in the amount of ions released (p=0.329 for mercury and p=0.082 for silver). Also, the interaction effect between amalgam particles’ shape (admixed and spherical) versus storage time (14 versus 28 hours) was not statistically significant (p=0.901 for mercury and p=0.951 for silver). Conclusion Treatment with 16 percent carbamide peroxide gel increased mercury and silver ions released from admixed and spherical amalgams, compared to samples in the control group, but the difference between the two amalgams was not statistically significant. Clinical Significance The amount of mercury and silver ions released from high-copper dental amalgams during bleaching with 16 percent carbamide peroxide is in the safe range of mercury intake for patients. Citation Kasraei S, Rezaei-Soufi L, Azarsina, M. The Effect of a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Gel on Mercury and Silver Ion Release from Admixed and Spherical Dental Amalgams. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 December; 11(6):009-016. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue6-rezaeisoufi

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