scholarly journals Hepatite B e C: diagnóstico e tratamento

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodrigues Viana ◽  
Nathalia Mundoco Veloso ◽  
Osvaldo Carvalho Neto ◽  
Nicolas Garcia Papacosta ◽  
Gabriel Martins Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Hépatite C ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Hépatite B

INTRODUÇÃO: As hepatites virais são consideradas as principais doenças hepáticas, podendo levar a quadros mais graves, como a cirrose e o carcinoma hepatocelular, tornando-se um importante problema de saúde pública. Tem distribuição global com áreas de altos índices de endemicidade, sobretudo em países asiáticos. Os principais agentes envolvidos são os vírus da hepatite A, B, C, D, E. O vírus da hepatite B e C se destacam nesse meio devido à grande capacidade de cronificação. As formas de transmissão são basicamente através do contato com fluidos corporais infectados, através de transfusões sanguíneas, uso de drogas injetáveis, transmissão vertical, etc. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um artigo de revisão no qual, a partir das palavras “hepatite B” e “hepatite C”, foi realizado busca por periódicos nos bancos de dados: PubMed, Scielo, Portal Periódicos CAPES e Google acadêmico. CONCLUSÃO: As hepatites B e C podem se apresentar apenas de forma aguda, ou podem se cronificar. O diagnóstico geralmente é realizado tardiamente, pois, na grande maioria dos casos apresenta-se oligossintomáticas ou até mesmo assintomática. O diagnóstico é feito através de exames sorológicos e quantificação viral através do PCR. O tratamento é basicamente sintomático, porem nos casos crônicos, é indicado uso de medicações, como interferons peguilhados e análogos de nucleosideos.   Palavras-chave: Hepatites virais; Hepatite B; Hepatite C. INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis are considered as one of the major liver diseases, being able to lead more severe outcomes, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma becoming an important public health problem. It has global distribution with areas of high endemicity, especially in Asian countries. The main agents involved are hepatitis A virus, B, C, D, E. The hepatitis B and C viruses stand out in the middle of a chronicling ability. As the transmission forms are basically through contact with infected body fluids, through blood transfusions, injecting drug use, vertical transmission, etc. METHODOLOGY: This is a review article, from the words "hepatitis B" and "Hepatitis C", was carried out by search for journals in databases: PubMed, Scielo, Portal Periodicos CAPES and Google academic. CONCLUSION: The hepatitis B and C can either be only a form of acute, or can be chronic. Therefore, the diagnosis is often late, since in the vast majority of cases it is oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through serological tests and viral quantification through PCR. The treatment is basically with symptomatic, such as pegged interferon’s and nucleoside analogs. Keywords: Viral hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses in the Hormozgan province southern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Behzadi ◽  
Victor Hugo Leyva-Grado ◽  
Mandana Namayandeh ◽  
Atoosa Ziyaeyan ◽  
Roya Feyznezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Abstract Background Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, causing thousands of deaths due to acute and persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Providing updated serologic data can improve both surveillance and disease control programs. This study is aimed to determine the seroprevalence of markers for viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D and E) and the epidemiology of such infections in the general population of southern Iran’s Hormozgan province. Methods Between 2016 and 2017, a total of 562 individuals with ages ranging from 1 to 86 years, who visited governmental public laboratories for routine check-ups, were tested for the presence of serological markers to hepatitis virus types A to E using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The overall anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody seroprevalence was 93.2% (524/562). The prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies was 15.8% (89/562) among which 1.6% (9/562) of the seropositive individuals also had evidence of recent exposure to the virus (IgM positivity). Two and a half percent (14/562) were positive for hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen, whereas 11.6% (65/562) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) antibodies. Among anti-HBc positive patients, 11% (7/65) had HBs Ag and 5% (3/65) were positive for anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) antibodies. The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies was 0.7% (4/562). The seroprevalence of anti-HAV, HEV IgG, anti-HBc antibodies, and HBs Ag increased with age. Conclusion The present study confirms a high seroprevalence of HAV infection among the examined population and reveals high levels of endemicity for HEV in the region. Planned vaccination policies against HAV should be considered in all parts of Iran. In addition, improvements on public sanitation and hygiene management of drinking water sources for the studied area are recommended.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Levels of University Students About Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Murat Dicle ◽  
Suleyman Gorpelioglu ◽  
Cenk Aypak
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
University Students ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
And Behaviors

Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of the university students about Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Methods: This study was done among 1048 students from different faculties of five different universities in Ankara, was carried out between October 2012 and July 2013. A questionnaire was prepared by the authors by rewieving the literature and the participants were asked to fill this questionnaire. Knowledge level of participants was scored from 1 to 5 out of 100 according to the answers given about Hepatitis A, B and C. Results: When the average points of knowledge about hepatitis A, B and C is considered, it is seen that the knowledge points of males according to females and the knowledge points of the students who study in medical faculties according to the other faculties are higher. Participants were found to have a risky attitude with respect to the spread of Hepatitis A, B and C infections. While males had more risky behaviors, it was seen that there was no significant difference between the students of medical faculties according to other faculties. Conclusion: Despite advances in technology and health, Hepatitis A, B and C infections continue to be an important public health problem today. This study showed that even university students, whose education and intellectual levels are considered to be high according to society, have low level of knowledge about viral hepatitis and exhibit risky attitudes and behaviors, necessity of individual and social education. The most effective way to protect against these diseases is to increase the knowledge and awareness levels of the society and prevent the transmission of these diseases. Keywords: hepatitis, knowledge, attitude, behavior, vaccines

scholarly journals Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis rastreados pelo pré-natal masculino

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Barros de Araújo ◽  
Patrícia Mendes de Barros ◽  
Roselma Lucchese ◽  
Aurelio Goulart Rodovalho ◽  
Graciele Cristina Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Hépatite C ◽  
Hépatite B ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Infecciones De Transmisión Sexual ◽  
Program Version ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis nos exames de pré-natal masculino. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, de casos novos de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis por rastreio de 335 exames pré-natais masculino. Utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa a ficha de registro do pré-natal masculino tendo as variáveis: idade, sexo, escolaridade, entre outros. Digitaram-se os dados em planilhas eletrônicas, analisando-os no programa SPSS, versão 22.0 Resultados: informa-se que os resultados foram considerados todos casos novos, uma vez que não havia relato anterior de diagnóstico ou tratamento das ISTs. Mostra-se que a idade média dos homens registrados foi de 30,55 anos. Dentre esta amostra houveram três casos reagentes para HIV/Aids, 22 para Sífilis, cinco casos reagentes para hepatite B, e três casos para hepatite C. Conclusão: conclui-se que mesmo diante de uma amostra não representativa numericamente do total de gestantes atendidas no município, observou-se que é importante realizar o rastreio positivo para casos novos de infecção por HIV/Aids, Hepatite B e C, sobretudo para Sífilis. Descritores: Sífilis Congênita; Hepatite B; Hepatite C; HIV; Prevalência; Saúde do Homem.AbstractObjective: to estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in male prenatal examinations. Method: this is a retrospective quantitative study of new cases of sexually transmitted infections by screening 335 male prenatal examinations. The research instrument used was the male prenatal registration form with the variables: age, sex, education, among others. Data was entered into spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS program, version 22.0. Results: it is reported that the results were considered all new cases, since there was no previous report of diagnosis or treatment of STIs. The average age of registered men is shown to be 30.55 years. Among this sample there were three cases reactive for HIV/AIDS, 22 cases for Syphilis, five cases reactive for hepatitis B, and three cases for hepatitis C. Conclusion: it is concluded that even before a sample not numerically representative of the total number of pregnant women attended in the It was noted that positive screening for new cases of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C infection is important, especially for Syphilis. Descriptors: Syphilis, Congenital; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; HIV; Prevalence; Men's Health.ResumenObjetivo: estimar la prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual en los exámenes prenatales masculinos. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo retrospectivo de nuevos casos de infecciones de transmisión sexual mediante la detección de 335 exámenes prenatales masculinos. El instrumento de investigación utilizado fue el formulario de registro prenatal masculino con las variables: edad, sexo, escolaridad, entre otros. Los datos se ingresaron en hojas de cálculo y se analizaron utilizando el programa SPSS, versión 22.0 Resultados: se informa que los resultados se consideraron todos los casos nuevos, ya que no había un informe previo de diagnóstico o tratamiento de las ITS. La edad promedio de los hombres registrados es de 30.55 años. Entre esta muestra, hubo tres casos reactivos para el VIH/SIDA, 22 casos para la Sífilis, cinco casos reactivos para la hepatitis B y tres casos para la hepatitis C. Conclusión: se concluye que incluso antes de una muestra no representa numéricamente el número total de mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el municipio, se observó que la detección positiva de nuevos casos de infección por VIH/SIDA, Hepatitis B y C, especialmente para Sífilis, era importante. Descriptores: Sífilis Congénita; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; VIH; Prevalencia; Salud del Hombre.

scholarly journals CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
G. V. Volynets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The article presents the results of a literature review devoted to the study of the problems of the concurrent course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), as well as chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) - chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The prevalence of CHB and CHC in IBD in different countries ranges from 1% to 9%. The clinical course of these concurrent diseases, the possibility of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy are described. Recommendations on the peculiarities of examination and management of patients with concurrent pathology of IBD and CVH are presented. The combined pathology of IBD and CVH is a significant public health problem worldwide that requires further largescale study. The use of immunosuppressive therapy for IBD can be accompanied by the activation of HBV and HCV infection, therefore, the management of such patients should occur on an individual basis.

scholarly journals Soroprevalência em testagem itinerante para sífilis, hiv e hepatites

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josely Pinto de Moura ◽  
Alex Sandro Antonio Silva Ferreira Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Hépatite C ◽  
Hépatite B ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Teaching Unit ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a soroprevalência de sífilis, HIV e hepatites B e C nos atendimentos de pacientes no CTA Itinerante do Ambulatório Escola. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo. Escolheu-se o método de pesquisa documental. Obteve-se o registro de 1125 usuários do serviço de CTA Itinerante no ano de 2017. Apresentaram-se os resultados em forma de tabelas. Resultados: identificou-se a soroprevalência de 79 (7,02%) casos confirmados de todas as patologias testadas (HIV, sífilis, hepatite B e C), incluindo 5 (0,44%) testes positivos para HIV; 4 (0,36%), para hepatite B; 7 (0,62%), para hepatite C e 63 (5,60%), para sífilis. Conclusão: reportou-se a alta prevalência de sorologias positivas, principalmente, para sífilis, que apresentou um número bem mais elevado. Conclui-se, portanto, que as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis estão presentes na população em geral e que o CTA Itinerante pode contribuir para identificar novos casos e, consequentemente, para que sejam encaminhados para o tratamento o mais precocemente possível, levando a um prognóstico favorável. Descritores: Estudos Soroepidemiológicos; HIV; Hepatite B; Hepatite C; Sífilis; Unidades Móveis de Saúde.ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the seroprevalence of syphilis, HIV and hepatitis B and C in the care of patients in the Itinerant TCC of the Ambulatory Clinical Teaching Unit. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study. The documentary research method was chosen. The registration of 1125 users of the Itinerant TCC service was obtained in 2017. The results were presented in the form of tables. Results: seroprevalence of 79 (7.02%) confirmed cases of all pathologies tested (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C), including five (0.44%) positive HIV tests; four (0.36%) for hepatitis B; seven (0.62%) for hepatitis C and 63 (5.60%) for syphilis. Conclusion: a high prevalence of positive serologies was reported, mainly for syphilis, which presented a much higher number. It is concluded, therefore, that sexually transmitted infections are present in the population in general and that the Itinerant TCC can contribute to identify new cases and, consequently, to be referred to the treatment as early as possible, leading to a favorable prognosis. Descriptors: Serum epidemiology; HIV; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Syphilis; Mobile Health Units.RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la seroprevalencia de sífilis, VIH y hepatitis B y C en las atenciones de pacientes en el CTA Itinerante del Ambulatorio Escuela. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se eligió el método de investigación documental. Se obtuvo el registro de 1125 usuarios del servicio de CTA Itinerante en el año 2017. Se presentaron los resultados en forma de tablas. Resultados: se identificó la seroprevalencia de 79 (7,02%) casos confirmados de todas las patologías probadas (VIH, sífilis, hepatitis B y C), incluyendo 5 (0,44%) pruebas positivas para el VIH; 4 (0,36%), para la hepatitis B; 7 (0,62%), para hepatitis C y 63 (5,60%), para sífilis. Conclusión: se reportó la alta prevalencia de serologías positivas, principalmente, para sífilis, que presentó un número mucho más elevado. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que las infecciones sexualmente transmisibles están presentes en la población en general y que el CTA Itinerante puede contribuir a identificar nuevos casos y, consecuentemente, para que sean encaminados al tratamiento lo más precozmente posible, llevando a un pronóstico favorable. Descriptores: Estudios Seroepidemiológicos; VIH; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Sífilis; Unidades Móviles de Salud.

The Effects of Interferon and Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatite C

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2147-2150
Author(s):  
Liliana Coldea ◽  
Florin Grosu ◽  
Alina Liliana Pintea ◽  
Sebastian Ioan Cernusca Mitariu ◽  
Nicolae Grigore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Extrahepatic Manifestations ◽  
Hépatite C ◽  
Response Versus

The chronic hepatitis C is a frequently problem in worldwide, the number of infected individuals is high and go on, getting a public health problem [1]. In Romania there are nearly 1 million persons infected with hepatitis C virus, the scope of spreading is related with specific risk factors. An important number of infection with hepatitis C virus present simultaneous extrahepatic manifestations proved to be alone manifestation tracing; its important for diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed the effects of interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C in General C.F. Hospital Sibiu, between 2008 � 2012. The association between infection with hepatitis C virus and extrahepatic manifestations is important to be recognized for adequate diagnosis tests. By comparing the results of therapy in patients with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations, the study found that 30 patients (58.83 %) with liver manifestations had an incomplete response versus 10 patients (26.32 %) with extrahepatic manifestations; 11 patients (21.54 %) with hepatic manifestations had a complete response versus 3 patients (7.89 %) with extrahepatic manifestations; and 10 patients (19.63 %) with hepatic manifestations did not respond to treatment versus 25 patients (65.79 %) with extrahepatic manifestations. Analyzing the results of antiviral therapy in patients with hepatic manifestations and those with extrahepatic manifestations, antiviral treatment appears to be more advantageous in cases with only hepatic manifestations.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in Viral Hepatitis-Associated Hospitalizations in the American Indian/Alaska Native Population, 1995–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy K. Byrd ◽  
John T. Redd ◽  
Robert C. Holman ◽  
Dana L. Haberling ◽  
James E. Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Significant Change

Objective. We described the changing epidemiology of viral hepatitis among the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population that uses Indian Health Service (IHS) health care. Methods. We used hospital discharge data from the IHS National Patient Information Reporting System to determine rates of hepatitis A-, B-, and C-associated hospitalization among AI/ANs using IHS health care from 1995–2007 and summary periods 1995–1997 and 2005–2007. Results. Hepatitis A-associated hospitalization rates among AI/AN people decreased from 4.9 per 100,000 population during 1995–1997 to 0.8 per 100,000 population during 2005–2007 (risk ratio [RR] = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1, 0.2). While there was no significant change in the overall hepatitis B-associated hospitalization rate between time periods, the average annual rate in people aged 45–64 years increased by 109% (RR=2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.2). Between the two time periods, the hepatitis C-associated hospitalization rate rose from 13.0 to 55.0 per 100,000 population (RR=4.2, 95% CI 3.8, 4.7), an increase of 323%. The hepatitis C-associated hospitalization rate was highest among people aged 45–64 years, males, and those in the Alaska region. Conclusions. Hepatitis A has decreased to near-eradication levels among the AI/AN population using IHS health care. Hepatitis C-associated hospitalizations increased significantly; however, there was no significant change in hepatitis B-associated hospitalizations. Emphasis should be placed on continued universal childhood and adolescent hepatitis B vaccination and improved vaccination of high-risk adults. Prevention and education efforts should focus on decreasing hepatitis C risk behaviors and identifying people with hepatitis C infection so they may be referred for treatment.

Viral Hepatitis: 1985 Update

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

During the past two decades extraordinary advances in hepatitis research have clarified the etiology and natural history of the disease. At least four types of hepatitis have been identified: A, B, D (delta), and non-A, non-B. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have been characterized. Serologic tests have been developed to detect the antigens and antibodies associated with these three hepatitis infections. As of the present time, the non-A, non-B viral agents have not been identified. Therefore, non-A, non-B hepatitis is diagnosed by excluding other viral causes of hepatitis, such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and others. A recent report indicating that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be caused by a retrovirus, if confirmed, may provide a specific marker of this infection. The course of viral hepatitis is variable; it may be an asymptomatic, anteric infection, or it may be an acute illness characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Most patients recover completely, but occasionally the infection may be complicated by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and, occasionally, by a fulminant fatal outcome. This review will be devoted predominantly to a discussion of the diagnostic and prophylactic aspects of hepatitis A and hepatitis B viral infections.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C: Crioglobulinemia y vasculitis cutánea con acronecrosis. Reporte de un caso.

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa MOSTORINO ELGUERA ◽  
Eduardo GOTUZZO HERENCIA ◽  
Víctor ULLOA PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Extrahepatic Manifestations ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

The C Hepatitis, it is a RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, that introduces within their spectra of infection, manifestations liverworts and extrahepatic, being these last few frequent. Crioglobulinas could be detected in a third of patient with C hepatitis, but in only 1-2% of the cases develop cutaneous manifestations, some of this manifestatios are vaculitis with acronecrosis. The infection for C hepatitis occurs in other countries with diferent prevalence, they have more prevalence than in our countrie, being different to the prevalence for other types of viral hepatitis (B hepatitis). We are introduced the case of a patient attended to in our department with infection for C hepatitis and extrahepatic manifestations(acronecrosis) associate to presence of crioglobulinas.

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