scholarly journals KUALITAS PAKAN FERMENTATIF BERBAHAN KULIT UBI KAYU DENGAN INOKULAN MEP+ UNTUK KULTUR IKAN NILA GESIT (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Cahiadir Ali Akbar ◽  
Sukanto Sukanto ◽  
Siti Rukayah
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
High Price ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Local Materials

Feed is a major component in fish farming. However, the relatively high price of feed is very burdensome for fish farmers. Therefore a relatively low-cost solution is needed to address that problem. The use of local materials such as bran, waste mushroom, tofu, onggok starch, and skin cassava can be utilized as an alternative to reduce the needs of imported materials. However, the local materials have constraints regarding nutrition and digestibility, so an appropriate technology is required to overcome this. Improving the quality of the feed can be done by fermentation. Fermentation works by breaking macromolecules such as carbohydrates and amino acids into micromolecules, so the absorption of feed nutrients in the fish intestines become more efficient. The use of inoculants MEP+ aimed to improve the digestibility of feed, detoxification and increased the productivity of tilapia GESIT (Oreochromis niloticus). This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation on enhancing the quality of feed nutrients made from cassava skin chips by the application of inoculant MEP+. The study was carried out experimentally using a complete randomized design. The independent variable in this study was the type of feed. Observed dependent variable was feed quality. The main parameter measured was the proximate level. Supporting parameter was the growth of tilapia GESIT. The results showed a progressive increase in the levels of nutrients of feed fermented in each treatment. The increments were recorded in treatment A from 16.15 became 21.64, in B from 13.21 became 15.46, in C from 9.66 became 11.53, and in D from 8.34 became 9.87. This result implies that the use of MEP+ fermentation inoculants could boost the nutritional content of food, with an average of the increment value of 11-15%. The increment of nutrient contents in each treatment was also affected the weight gain of fish although no significant difference were observed.

scholarly journals Circadian variation of fatigue in both patients with paralytic poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celiana Figueiredo Viana ◽  
Márcia Pradella-Hallinan ◽  
Abrahão Augusto Juviniano Quadros ◽  
Luis Fabiano Marin ◽  
Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sleep Parameters

ObjectiveIt was to evaluate the degree of fatigue in patients with paralytic poliomyelitis (PP) and with post-polio syndrome (PPS), and correlate it with parameters of sleep and the circadian cycle.MethodsThirty patients, 17 female (56.7%), participated in the study: they answered the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale and performed a nocturnal polysomnographic study. Eleven had PP (mean age±standard deviation of 47.9±6.4 years), and 19 had PPS (mean age±standard deviation of 46.4±5.6 years).ResultsOur study showed that fatigue was worse in the afternoon in the PP Group and had a progressive increase throughout the day in the PPS Group. We also observed compromised quality of sleep in both groups, but no statically significant difference was found in the sleep parameters measured by polysomnography.ConclusionFatigue has a well-defined circadian variation, especially in PPS Group. Poor sleep quality is associated with fatigue and, therefore, sleep disturbances should be evaluated and treated in this group of PPS.

scholarly journals Rural Muslim Empowerment Through the Development of Applicable Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 330-347
Author(s):  
Thofiqur Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
General School

This paper focuses on the process of empowering rural Muslim communities by improving the quality of life through the development of appropriate technology to be renewable. Renewable technology is an effort to develop simple technology that is needed by the community, and the practice of using potential in the community environment, so that it can be updated at a low cost. The research setting is the Muslim community of Sokawera Village, Cilongok District, Banyumas Regency. The background of the problem is to find public poverty and general school dropouts, the abundance of manure waste, the lack of funds to buy fertilizers, and the imbalance between low economic capacity and the ownership of abundant potential in the form of community culture raising livestock. This type of research is qualitative research by conducting exploration through interviews, observation and forum group discussions. Data analysis is done by searching and compiling data systematically from the results of interviews, observation and forum group discussions. The findings of this study are in the form of a model of empowering rural Muslims through the development of appropriate technologies for renewable. The model is named after the House of Empowerment. Rumah Empowerment is a concept in carrying out the empowerment process from the beginning to the end. In this concept, there are five processes. The five processes must be carried out coherently so that the target of empowerment is maximally achieved and can be sustainable. The five processes referred to, namely; 1) Mapping the subject of empowerment, 2) Coordination, 3) Expansion of Empowerment, 4) Evaluation, 5) Improvement.

scholarly journals Assessing local materials for the treatment of wastewater in open drains

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jamwal ◽  
Daniel Phillips ◽  
Kim Karlsrud
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Aggregate Material

Abstract In the present study, three low-cost filter aggregate materials were tested and compared for organic matter and fecal coliform (FC) removal at the laboratory scale. Setups were subjected to synthetic wastewater at two hydraulic loading rates (HLR), i.e. 4 cm/day and 40 cm/day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) at the two HLRs varied from 4 days to 12 h, respectively. The result obtained shows that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiency of aggregate materials decreased with the increase in HLR. Both at high and low HLR, the terracotta aggregate material exhibited maximum BOD5 loading removal and without significant difference for the case of FC removal efficiency for all the three aggregate materials. At higher HLR, cell debris and biofilm loss from the aggregate material contributed to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in the treated water. The terracotta aggregate material provided best organic matter removal at both HLRs. The study demonstrates the potential of incorporating inexpensive and readily available local materials into decentralized, frugal green infrastructure interventions capable of lowering the quantum of harmful biological contaminants in open storm water channels in rapidly urbanizing cities of developing countries, and that the terracotta aggregate material provided best organic removal at both HLRs.

scholarly journals Quality of eyeglass prescriptions from a low-cost wavefront autorefractor evaluated in rural India: results of a 708-participant field study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Durr ◽  
Shivang R Dave ◽  
Daryl Lim ◽  
Sanil Joseph ◽  
Thulasiraj D Ravilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Form Factor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Angle ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo assess the quality of eyeglass prescriptions provided by an affordable wavefront autorefractor operated by a minimally trained technician in a low-resource setting.Methods and Analysis708 participants were recruited from consecutive patients registered for routine eye examinations at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India, or an affiliated rural satellite vision centre. Visual acuity (VA) and patient preference were compared between trial lenses set to two eyeglass prescriptions from (1) a novel wavefront autorefractor and (2) subjective refraction by an experienced refractionist.ResultsThe mean±SD VA was 0.30±0.37, –0.02±0.14 and −0.04±0.11 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units before correction, with autorefractor correction and with subjective refraction correction, respectively (all differences p<0.01). Overall, 25% of participants had no preference, 33% preferred eyeglass prescriptions from autorefraction, and 42% preferred eyeglass prescriptions from subjective refraction (p<0.01). Of the 438 patients 40 years old and younger, 96 had no preference and the remainder had no statistically significant difference in preference for subjective refraction prescriptions (51%) versus autorefractor prescriptions (49%) (p=0.52).ConclusionAverage VAs from autorefractor-prescribed eyeglasses were one letter worse than those from subjective refraction. More than half of all participants either had no preference or preferred eyeglasses prescribed by the autorefractor. This marginal difference in quality may warrant autorefractor-based prescriptions, given the portable form factor, short measurement time, low cost and minimal training required to use the autorefractor evaluated here.

Yoga in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer: Impact on quality of life in a randomized controlled trial.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 527-527
Author(s):  
Nita S. Nair ◽  
Nishu Singh Goel ◽  
Rohini W Hawaldar ◽  
Shabina Siddique ◽  
Vani Parmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

527 Background: Yoga has been tested in multiple small-randomized studies for its impact on quality of life (QOL) on breast cancer (BC). We propose to study the effect of yoga on disease free survival as the primary endpoint in women with operable breast cancer. (Study methodology details refer to NCT02161900). Methods: Women with non-metastatic BC were randomized to yoga and conventional exercise (YCE) versus conventional exercise only (CE) in addition to standard therapy. Over and above documentation of recurrence and death, QOL was assessed in these women using the EORTC QLQC30, BR23, Brief fatigue inventory (BFI), Visual pain scores (VPS) and a spirituality questionnaire (SQ). EORTC QLQ was assessed at baseline (BL), 6-9 months (mo), 18-21 mo. BFI and VPS at BL, 6-8 mo and 12-15 mo and SQ at BL and 12-15 mo. We report the first interim analysis of QOL in 605 patients randomized to the study with atleast 1 year of follow up. The groups were balanced in both arms with respect to clinico-pathological factors. Results: At 6-9 mo (completion of adjuvant therapy), there was no significant difference in global QOL scores (p = 0.08), however 52% women on YCE showed an improvement from baseline compared to 42% in CE. At 18-21 mo emotional function scores were better in YCE (p = 0.002); with lesser systemic side effects in YCE arm (44% vs 56% p = NS). The median score of fatigue after adjuvant therapy measured by QLQ C30 was lower in YCE (17.37vs22.22, p = 0.003) which was similar to that observed by BFI at 12-15 mo (1.6vs 2, p = 0.04). Also in YCE there was lower reporting of detriment in general activity (41%vs 59%) and mood (34%vs66%) (p = NS). In VPS at 12-15mo, the median scores for pain intensity (p = 0.042), pain on movement (p = 0.038), pain on mobilization (p = 0.008) were lower in YCE. Lastly SQ assessed spirituality and showed no difference, but less deterioration compared to baseline scores in YCE. Conclusions: Yoga did not show a significant difference in global QOL but had a major benefit reaching statistical significance in fatigue, emotional score and pain. Yoga is a low-risk, low-cost complementary therapy that may improve compliance to therapy by improving parameters that can affect day-to-day activity in women with breast cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT02161900.

scholarly journals Multispecies Fresh Water Algae Production for Fish Farming Using Rabbit Manure

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Adandé Richard ◽  
Liady Mouhamadou Nourou Dine ◽  
Djidohokpin Gildas ◽  
Adjahouinou Dogbè Clément ◽  
Azon Mahuan Tobias Césaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rabbit Manure

The current study aims at determining the optimal usage conditions of rabbit manure in a multispecies fresh water algae production for fish farming. This purpose, the experimental design is made of six treatments in triplicate including one control T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 corresponding respectively to 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 g/m3 of dry rabbit manure put into buckets containing 40 L of demineralized water and then fertilized. The initial average seeding density is made of 4 × 103 ± 2.5 × 102 cells/L of Chlorophyceae, 1.5 × 103 ± 1 × 102 cells/L of Coscinodiscophyceae, 3 × 103 ± 1.2 × 102 cells/L of Conjugatophyceae, 2.8 × 103 ± 1.5 × 102 cells/L of Bascillariophyceae, and 2.5 × 103 ± 1.4 × 102 cells/L of Euglenophyceae. During the experiments, the effects of these treatments on abiotic and biotic parameters (chlorophyll-a concentration, phytoplankton density and algal density) of different production media were monitored. Results show that average density of different phytoplankton classes is higher in treatment T5 (7.91 × 108 ± 6.78 × 107 cells/L) followed by T4 (5.56 × 108 ± 4.27 × 107 cells/L), T2 (3.87 × 108 ± 3.10 × 108 cells/L), T3 (3.79 × 108 ± 3.18 × 108 cells/L, with high significant difference (F (4,84) = 5, 35, p < 0.00). Chl-a concentration varied from 0.07 ± 0.05 mg/L (T0) to 14.47 ± 12.50 mg/L (T5) with high significant differences observed among treatments (F (5,83) = 3,09, p = 0,01). In addition, fourteen (14) species belonging to eight (8) families, five (5) classes and three (3) phyla were identified in our different production media. During the culture, Chlorophyceae class was the most represented in all treatments with 5 species (36% of the specific diversity) while Euglenophyceae class (7%) was the least represented with only one (01) species. According to these results, treatments T2 (600 g/m3), T3 (900 g/m3) and T4 (1200 g/m3) of dry rabbit manure are those worthy to be recommended as an alternative for a low cost massive production of multispecies freshwater algae that can be easily used by freshwater zooplankton and macroinvertebrates. Indeed, despite the best performances that it shows, treatment T5, presents important eutrophication’s risks.

scholarly journals Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus G. Jansen ◽  
Payal Shah ◽  
Bettina Wabbels ◽  
Frank G. Holz ◽  
Robert P. Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Fundus Imaging ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Examination Time ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractSmartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) is a low-cost approach for screening of various ophthalmic diseases and particularly suited to resource limited settings. Thus, we assessed how best to upskill alternative healthcare cadres in SBFI and whether quality of obtained images is comparable to ophthalmologists. Ophthalmic assistants and ophthalmologists received a standardized training to SBFI (Heine iC2 combined with an iPhone 6) and 10 training examinations for capturing central retinal images. Examination time, total number of images, image alignment, usable field-of-view, and image quality (sharpness/focus, reflex artifacts, contrast/illumination) were analyzed. Thirty examiners (14 ophthalmic assistants and 16 ophthalmologists) and 14 volunteer test subjects were included. Mean examination time (1st and 10th training, respectively: 2.17 ± 1.54 and 0.56 ± 0.51 min, p < .0001), usable field-of-view (92 ± 16% and 98 ± 6.0%, p = .003) and image quality in terms of sharpness/focus (p = .002) improved by the training. Examination time was significantly shorter for ophthalmologists compared to ophthalmic assistants (10th training: 0.35 ± 0.21 and 0.79 ± 0.65 min, p = .011), but there was no significant difference in usable field-of-view and image quality. This study demonstrates the high learnability of SBFI with a relatively short training and mostly comparable results across healthcare cadres. The results will aid implementing and planning further SBFI field studies.

scholarly journals Frugivorous butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as a habitat quality indicator in Cerrado urban fragment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e904
Author(s):  
Ieza Aparecida Teles Porath ◽  
Rodrigo Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Environmental Indicator ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significant Difference

The environmental monitoring programs used to assess the quality of the habitats are often common to insects, mainly as frugivorous butterflies, as easily accessible biological indicators. These have ample availability of information, an easy to perform and low cost study method, in addition to responding easily to environmental changes, making it an efficient tool in environmental diagnosis. The way or objective of this work was to inventory as frugivorous butterflies in two different points, edge and center of an urban fragment belonging to the Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, state of Mato Grosso, using as an environmental indicator. As a hypothesis, it was believed to detect differences in species richness, the amount of composition and composition between two areas. A sampling was carried out between the months of February and May 2019, using 10 Van Someren-Rydon weapons, of which six were distributed at the edges and four in the center (interior) of the fragment. Take place as trapped collections once a week lasting three days at each event. 105 individuals belonging to nine species of Nymphalidae were captured, respectively, as subfamilies: Biblidinae (71), Satyrinae (31) and Charaxinae (03). There was no significant difference between species richness, quantity and composition in the edge area and in the center of the fragment.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF DEPOSITION BACK IN THE AQUAPONIC SYSTEM IN REDUCING NH3 IN CULTIVATION Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Hotlan Albert Adventus Sitompul ◽  
Eko Efendi ◽  
Agus Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Aquaculture Waste

The success of a culture depends on the quantity and quality of water used in fish culture without water exchange, the concentration of aquaculture waste such as ammonia (NH3) will increase very rapidly and is toxic to the cultivated organism. One of the innovations applied in fish farming is integrating plants through an aquaponics system. This study aims to determine the effect of using a settling tub in reducing ammonia waste (NH3) and growth in tilapia aquaculture using an aquaponic tidal system. The size of the initial tilapia seeds used is 3-4 cm. There are two treatments used, without settling tub (A) and addition of settling tub (B) with three replications. However, the results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments for all parameters observed. It is necessary to carry out further research on different fish and plants to see the optimization in reducing ammonia waste (NH3).

scholarly journals Comparisons of Four Methods for Thinning Eucalyptus Hybrid Coppice Shoots in Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nilton Cesar Fiedler ◽  
Ricardo Pinheiro Cabral ◽  
Adriano Ribeiro de Mendonça ◽  
Weslen Pintor Canzian ◽  
Antonio Henrique Cordeiro Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Both manual and semi-mechanized systems are used for operations involved in coppice remodeling. Thus, there is a paradigm about the higher yield of semi-mechanized operations compared to manual operations. However, the small volume of research on this subject does not present data which is capable of confirming this hypothesis. Thus, the present study aimed to perform a technical analysis of costs, quality and productivity of different methods for conducting regrowth in Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid plantations under coppice regeneration in areas of forest fostering. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with four treatments (sprouting methods) and four replications in plots of 360m² each. The methods used were: brushcutter, sickle, machete and hand digger. An F-test (p <0.05) was performed to verify the differentiation between treatments for a given characteristic after verifying the normal distribution of data and homogeneity of variances. The means were compared by analysis of variance at the 5% significance level to analyze if there was significant difference between the operating times in the analyzed methods. An estimate of the costs per hectare was subsequently obtained in each offspring method and the quality of the operation was evaluated by observing the frequency of damage to the remaining trunk. The mean operation time of the methods did not differ significantly (p> 0.05). The brushcutter presented the highest cost per hectare (US$ 40,06/ha-1) and the excavator presented the lowest (US$ 18,65/ha-1). Spreading with the brushcutter presented the lowest percentage of mechanical damage (6.88%) and the sickle obtained the highest (20.63%). It was concluded that the operation with brushcutter was the method that provided the highest productivity, but has the highest operational cost, making the method with brushcutter, advantageous for its low cost, associated with a satisfactory productivity.

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