The Effect of Three Spacing and Goat Urine Application on Early Growth of Manglid

The productivity of manglid (Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. Ex Pierre) as the prominent plant commodity in West Java, can be improved by environmental manipulation such as spacing and fertilization. The objective of this research is to identify the effect of plant spacing and the use of goat urine as the leaves fertilizer on manglid planting until 19 month old. We used Randomized Block with Split Plot Design using three times replication. Main factor to be considered is the plant spacing with three different space :3 x 3 m (J1) ; 2 x 3 m (J2) and 2 x 2 m (J), while the secondary factor is three different doses of goat urine given : control (P1), 240 ml (P2), and 480 ml(P3. The results showed that the best treatment of planting manglid were treatment spacing of 2 x 2 m with goat urine fertilizer application as much as 240 ml per plant that produces high 191,5 cm and 3.83 cm of diameter up to the age of 19 months.

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Fréquences d’application d’engrais minéraux: Impact sur les variables de croissance et de développement de la tomate hivernale (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sous serre au centre du Burkina Faso.

Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences ◽

10.35759/janmplsci.v41-3.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41.3 ◽

pp. 7068-7085

Author(s):

Ali GARANE ◽

Koussao SOME ◽

Jeanne NiKIEMA ◽

Koala OUANGO ◽

Mamoudou TRAORE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Main Stem ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Feeding Frequency ◽

Secondary Factor ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Factor

1 RESUME L’objectif de l’étude a été d’évaluer l’effet des fréquences d’apport des engrais minéraux sur les variables de croissance, de développement, de précocité et de productivité des variétés de tomate en culture sous abri en saison pluvieuse. Trois doses, de NPK et d’urée ont été apportées sur les plants de variétés «Padama», «Thorgal» et «Tomy» de tomate dans un essai sous abri de mai à août 2014 en régime pluvial. Le dispositif expérimental était un split-plot avec 4 répétitions, ayant pour facteur principal les trois fréquences de fertilisation et le facteur secondaire la variété. Les observations et mesures ont porté sur la hauteur et le diamètre de la tige principale des plants, les dates de floraison et de nouaison, la hauteur d’insertion du 1er bouquet floral, les nombres de fleurs et de grappes à fruit par plant. Nos résultats ont montré que les plants issus d’un apport de NPK et d’urée toutes les trois semaines (F2) ont cru plus rapidement que ceux qui étaient sous F1 (2 semaines) et F3 (apport unique). De même, cette fréquence d’apport a induit une hauteur d’insertion plus élevé du 1er bouquet floral chez tous les cultivars. Toutefois il a été constaté une similarité des diamètres de la tige principale sous les trois fréquences d’apport pour chaque variété. L’apport unique (F3) et toutes les deux semaines (F1) d’engrais NPK et d’Urée, ont augmenté la préciosité chez toutes les variétés par rapport à l’apport toutes les trois semaines (F2). Aucunes différences significatives entre les trois traitements pour le nombre de bouquets floraux et de grappes à fruits n’ont été observées. Mineral fertilizers application frequencies: impact on the growth and development parameters of winter tomato under greenhouse in central Burkina Faso ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral fertilizer input frequencies on growth, development, earliness and productivity variables of tomato varieties under rainy season cover crops. Three doses of NPK and urea were applied to tomato "Padama", "Thorgal" and "Tomy" seedlings in a shelter trial from May to August 2014 under rainfed conditions. The experimental design was a split-plot with 4 repetitions, with the main factor being the three frequencies of fertilization and the secondary factor the variety. Observations and measurements related to the height and diameter of the main stem of the plants, the dates of flowering and fruit set, the insertion height of the 1st floral bouquet, the numbers of flowers and fruit clusters per plant. Our results showed that plants fed with NPK and urea every three weeks (F2) grew faster than those under F1 (two weeks) and F3 (one application). Likewise, this feeding frequency induced a higher insertion height of the 1st floral bouquet in all cultivars. However, a similarity of the diameter of the main stem was found under the three delivery frequencies for each variety. The single (F3) and biweekly (F1) intake of NPK and Urea fertilizers increased the preciosity in all varieties compared to the intake every three weeks (F2). No significant differences between the three treatments for the number of flower bouquets and fruit clusters were observed.

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The Effect of Leaf Bud Trimming and Fruit Position Arrangement on the Quality of Golden Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eko Widaryanto ◽

Megawati Ristiaji Putri ◽

Wiwin Sumiya Dwi Yamika ◽

Akbar Saitama ◽

Akbar Hidayatullah Zaini

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Secondary Factor ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Cucumis Melo L ◽

Fruit Harvest ◽

Main Factor ◽

Plot Design

Melon are one of the most popular fruit commodities, but, despite the demand, its production in Indonesia has declined. One measure that can be used to optimize the quality of melon fruit is to trim off the leaf buds and arrange the position of fruiting on the stem, and this study, using the golden melon cultivar ‘Apollo,’ aimed to identify the effects of leaf bud trimming and fruit position arrangement in improving the quantity and quality of the fruit harvest. The experiment was conducted from March to May 2018 in the greenhouse of Food Crop and Horticulture Agribusiness Development (UPT Pengembangan Agribisnis Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura), in Lebo, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. It was based on a split-plot design, with leaf bud trimming as the main factor, consisting of two groups (trimming or not trimming), and fruit positions as the secondary factor, consisting of four stages, all repeated at four different time intervals. A correlation was found between leaf bud trimming and fruit position arrangement toward the number of leaves. However, the treatments did not affect the growth and yield of the plants, but did have a significant effect on fruit weight, sweetness, and volume. It was concluded that trimming off the leaf buds and arranging the fruiting position on golden melon plants can increase the quality of fruits, with the treatment involving trimming combined with arranging fruiting on the twelfth–thirteenth segment showing the best results.

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MALAPARI (Pongamia Pinnata (L.) Piere) GROWTH ON THREE PLANTING PATTERNS WITH TRICHODERMA AND MYCORRHIZAE SP APPLICATION

Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.229-239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 229-239

Author(s):

Aditya Hani

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Pongamia Pinnata ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Split Plot ◽

The Right ◽

Plot Design

Malapari (Pongamia pinnata) is a potential plant for biodiesel and has the ability to grow on marginal land. Malapari cultivation has not yet been carried out due to low economic value. Agroforestry crop patterns are expected to provide intermediate results so that people would be interested in planting malapari. Planting on coastal land requires the right technology to produce optimal growth. This study aims to determine the effect of malapari cropping patterns and evaluate biological fertilizer application in the seedling phase after planting in the field. The research uses a split plot design (Split Plot Design) with the main factors that are the pattern of malapari planting and sub-plots that are the type of application of biofertilizer. The results obtained from the study showed that the interaction of cropping pattern treatment and biofertilizer application did not give significant growth to malapari; the combination of the application of organic manure, Trichoderma spp and mycorrhiza bio-fertilizers in the nursery yielded the largest malapari diameter growth after planting in the field at the age of 3 years.

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The effect of biological fertilizer application on interest amount and relative water content in rehabilitation effort of old cacao

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 911 (1) ◽

pp. 012052

Author(s):

Marliana S. Palad ◽

Aminah

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽

Trichoderma Asperellum ◽

Split Plot ◽

Relative Water ◽

Biological Fertilizer ◽

Range Test ◽

Plot Design

Abstract Purpose This study was to examine the effect of the application of Trichoderma asperellum and Azotobacter chroococcum on the condition of cacao leaves (RWC and LMA) and their relationship to the interest amount formed, after treatment Inarching grafting in the rehabilitation of old cacao plants from side grafting. The method used in this study was Split Plot Design, with 2 factors, namely the use of T. asperellum and A. chroococcum which were repeated 3 times each, and using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The best results obtained were the relative water content of the leaves 98.43%; LMA 225.05 mg.mm−2, which produced an average number of 62 flowers every tree, with bacteria A.chroococcum and fungus T.asperellum applied twice each using the inarching grafting method which was carried out at the time of the appearance of the flush.

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Pengaruh Lintasan Traktor dan Pemupukan Fosfat terhadap Perubahan beberapa Sifat Fisika-Mekanika Tanah dengan Sawi sebagai Tanaman Indikator

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1175 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 961-968

Author(s):

Zulfikar Zulfikar ◽

Yuswar Yunus ◽

Dewi Sri Jayanti

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Mustard Plant ◽

Experiment Method ◽

Split Plot ◽

Two Factors ◽

Speed Up ◽

Different Doses ◽

Plot Design

Abstrak : Pengolahan tanah dengan menggunakan traktor adalah kegiatan yang lazim dilakukan untuk mempercepat penanaman. Perlakuan lintasan dalam penelitian memiliki 3 level, yaitu 1 kali lintasan, 3 kali lintasan dan 5 kali lintasan.Pemupukan dilakukan dengan 3 taraf, yaitu tanpa dosis, dosis 75 kg/ha dan dosis 150 kg/ha.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lintasan traktor dan perubahan beberapa sifat fisika-mekanika tanah terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawidimana sawisebagai tanaman indikator.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen yang ditata dalam bentuk rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan pola faktorial 3 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan dan 27 satuan unit percobaan yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu lintasan traktor yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 1 kali lintasan, 3 kali lintasan dan 5 kali lintasan. Faktor kedua yaitu pemupukan fosfat dengan 3 dosis pemupukan yang berbeda, tanpa pemupukan, pemupukan dengan dosis 75 kg/ha dan pemupukan dengan dosis 150 kg/ha. Perlakuan lintasan traktor 1 kali dengan dosis pemupukan fospat 75 kg/ha berpengaruh nyata terhadap bulk density tanah. Perubahan beberapa sifat fisika-mekanika tanah yang terbaik diperoleh pada penggunaan traktor dengan lintasan 3 kali dan dengan dosis pemupukan fospat 150 kg/ha terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi. Terdapat hubungan antara 5 kali lintasan traktor dengan pemupukan fospat 75 kg/ha berpengaruh nyata terhadap bulk density tanah, sedangkan pada tinggi tanaman umur 10 hari berpengaruh sangat nyata akibat perlakuan 3 kali lintasan traktor dengan pemupukan fosfat 150 kg/ha.Abstract. Soil tillage using a tractor is an activity commonly to speed up planting. Traffic treatment in this research had three levels, that is one time traffic, three time traffic and five time traffic. Fertilization has been done by 3 levels, such as without dose, 75 kg / ha doses and 150 kg / ha doses. The research aimed to determine the influence of the tractor track and changes of physic-mechanic characteristics of the mustard plant growth as an indicator plant. This research was used a split plot design experiment method with 3 x 3 factorial each at three replications, so there are 9 treatment combinations and 27 experiment units which consisted of two factors. The first factor is the traffic tractor which consisted of three levels, i.e.: one time traffic, three time traffic and five time traffic. The second factor is the phosphate fertilization which consisted of three different doses of fertilization, i.e.; without fertilization, fertilizer with doses of 75 kg/ha and fertilizer with doses of 150 kg/ha. The treatment tractor one time traffic with a dose of fertilizing phosphate 75 kg/ha had have real impact of soil bulk density. Some of changes in the physic-mechanic of soil properties that it was best obtained on the use of tractors with three time traffic and with a dose of fertilizing phosphate 150 kg/ha on the growth of plants mustard. There was a relationship between the five time traffic of a tractor by fertilizing phosphate 75 kg/ha dose had have real impact of soil bulk density, while in high plant age 10 days influential very real due treatment to three time traffic of a tractor by fertilizing phosphate 150 kg/ha.

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Optimasi Sistem Penanaman dan Teknik Pemangkasan Tunas Pada Dua Varietas Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. Grossum) [Optimation of Planting System and Shoot Pruning in Two Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Grossum) Varieties]

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v28n1.2018.p77-86 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Nirkadi Gunadi ◽

Tonny Koestoni Moekasan ◽

Laksminiwati Prabaningrum

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Medium Size ◽

West Java ◽

Experimental Field ◽

System A ◽

Split Plot ◽

Planting System ◽

Plot Design ◽

Research Institute

Hasil paprika sangat tergantung pada pengaturan sistem penanaman dan teknik pemangkasan tunas. Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimasi sistem penanaman dan teknik pemangkasan tunas pada dua varietas paprika telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, Jawa Barat dari bulan Mei 2011 sampai Februari 2012. Tiga faktor perlakuan yang dicoba terdiri atas sistem penanaman (satu dan dua tanaman per polibag) sebagai petak utama, sistem pemangkasan tunas (pemangkasan per buku sisa dua daun dan sisa tiga daun) sebagai anak petak dan varietas (Inspiration dan Spider) sebagai anak-anak petak dicoba dengan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split plot design) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem penanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil paprika. Rata-rata hasil total dan hasil kelas buah >200 g yang ditanam dengan sistem penanaman satu tanaman per polibag berturut-turut lebih tinggi 14,1% dan 17,0% daripada tanaman yang ditanam dengan sistem penanaman dua tanaman per polibag. Perlakuan sistem pemangkasan tunas hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil kelas buah >200 g dan sistem pemangkasan sisa tiga daun memberikan hasil kelas buah >200 g lebih tinggi daripada sistem pemangkasan sisa dua daun. Hasil total, hasil kelas buah >200 g dan kelas buah 100–200 g varietas Spider lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan varietas Inspiration. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan bahwa tanaman paprika sebaiknya ditanam dengan sistem satu tanaman per polibag dan sistem pemangkasan sisa tiga daun. Bila buah paprika yang diinginkan relatif besar maka varietas Inspiration yang ditanam, sedangkan bila buah dengan ukuran sedang maka varietas Spider yang ditanam.KeywordsCapsicum annuum var. Grossum; Hasil; Sistem penanaman; Sistem pemangkasan; Varietas AbstractYields of sweet peppers depend on planting system and shoot pruning system. A research with the aim to optimize planting system and shoot pruning system in two sweet pepper varieties has been carried out in the Experimental Field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute in Lembang (1,250 m asl.), West Java from May 2011 until February 2012. Three treatment factors consisted of planting system (one plant and two plants planted per polybag), shoot pruning system (pruning with two leaves and three leaves remaining per node) and variety (Inspiration and Spider) were laid-out using split plot design with three replication. The results indicated that planting system treatment significantly affected the yields of sweet pepper. Average total yields and yields of fruit >200 g from plants using one plant per polybag were 14.1% and 17.0% higher than those of plants using two plants per polybag. The shoot pruning treatment significantly affected only on the yields of fruit >200 g and the shoot pruning system with three leaves remaining per node gave significantly higher yields of fruit >200 g compared to the shoot pruning system with two leaves remaining per node. The total yields, yields of fruit >200 g and yields of fruit 100–200 g of Spider were significantly higher than those of Inspiration with the average total yields of Spider 12.3% higher than Inspiration. The results suggest that sweet pepper should be planted using one plant per polybag and the shoot pruning with three leaves remaining per node. If desired the relatively big size fruit, Inspiration is recommended, however, if desired the medium-size fruit, Spider is recommended.

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Pertumbuhan Sengon dan Produksi Padi Gogo pada Taraf Pemupukan P yang Berbeda dalam Sistem Agroforestri

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.10.1.1-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Derie Kusuma Budi Ningrum ◽

Nurheni Wijayanto ◽

Arum Sekar Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Split Plot ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Main Plot ◽

High Production ◽

Plot Design

Agroforestry of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sengon tree (Paraserianthes falcataria) could increase the growth of sengon trees; however, it would also increase the percentage of empty grain due to shade from the tree. Fertilization with P is expected to increase plant height, grain weight and weight of straw of upland rice and growth of sengon tree. The aim of this research is to analyze the growth and production of sengon and upland rice with agroforestry and P fertilizer application. Application in cultivation of upland rice using split-split plot design. The main plot is agroforestry and monoculture, subplot of Sintanur and Situ Bagendit varieties and split-split plot of P fertilization consisting of 4 levels, namely: P 0 = 0 g / plant, P50 = 3 g / plant, P100 = 6 g / plant and P150 = 9 g / plant. The application of P fertilizer showed that P 100% had high production on Sintanur varieties with monoculture. Agroforestry system can increase the growth of sengon plants.Keywords: agroforestry, P fertilizer, sengon, upland rice.

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Production and quality of cowpea seeds desiccated with saflufenacil and flumioxazin

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n3p209-215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 209-215

Author(s):

Jeovane N. Silva ◽

Adriano Jakelaitis ◽

Jacson Zuchi ◽

Leandro S. Pereira ◽

Estevam M. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Cowpea Seeds ◽

Split Plot ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Technological Quality ◽

Main Factor ◽

Plot Design

ABSTRACT The use of desiccants allows to anticipate cowpea harvest at a time closer to physiological maturity. The desiccants saflufenacil and flumioxazin promote the drying and falling of leaves and loss of water from seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of saflufenacil and flumioxazin doses applied to the cowpea crop on the production and quality of seeds at harvest and after storage for six months. Two experiments were carried out in a split-plot design (5 × 2). In the first experiment, the main factor consisted of saflufenacil doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 g ai ha-1), while the second factor consisted of evaluation periods (after harvest and six months after harvest). In the second experiment, the main factor consisted of flumioxazin doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g ai ha-1) and the second factor consisted of the same evaluation periods. The treatments were designed in randomized blocks, with four replications. Saflufenacil application from 25 g ha-1 compromised the yield components and technological quality, while flumioxazin doses did not affect the yield components. Storage at 20 °C for six months decreased the physiological quality of seeds. Flumioxazin application at cowpea harvest promoted uniformity of maturity and harvest anticipation, without compromising the physiological quality after harvest.

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Split-plot Analysis—Now and Then

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.762b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 762B-762

Author(s):

George C.J. Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Standard Error ◽

Error Term ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Main Factors ◽

Factorial Treatments ◽

Main Factor ◽

Plot Design

Split-plot design is a very popular experimental design in analyzing factorial treatments in horticultural experiments. Two different sizes or types of experimental units are assigned to main plot and the split-plot treatments. The SAS procedure GLM with the TEST option is commonly used to analyze the split-plot data by assigning the correct error term to test the main plot factor. In SAS GLM, no option is available to compare the two main factors within a split-plot factor. The CONTRAST tests and LSMEAN comparisons are valid only for comparing split-plot factors within a main plot treatment. The main factor standard error provided by the LSMEAN option is also incorrect. The new PROC MIXED procedure available in SAS 8.08 or above can be used to correct these problems in split-plot analysis. The analysis of split-plot experiments using the PROC MIXED is presented here.

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Growth and yield of shallots (Allium cepa var aggregatum L.) under different seed bulbs storage period

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130601043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 306 ◽

pp. 01043

Author(s):

Rismawita Sinaga ◽

Nurmalita Waluyo ◽

Astiti Rahayu ◽

Rini Rosliani

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Storage Period ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

West Java ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design ◽

Research Institute

The availability of qualified and sustainable seeds is one of the determinants of the success of shallot farming. One of the constraints factor in the supply of shallot seeds is the short storage period that is about 2-3 months. This study aims to determine the effect of varieties and seed storage period on growth and yield shallots. This research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. The study was designed using split plot design with four replications. The main plot was seed storage period for four months, five months and six months after harvest and the subplot was varieties, consisting of seven varieties that have been released, namely Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Trisula, Pancasona and Mentes. The results showed that the yield of wet bulbs per hectare of five-months-storage period bulb seeds was significantly higher than six months storage period for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes. Five-months-storage period of shallot bulb seeds can still be used as a source of seeds for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes.

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