scholarly journals DO SPLEEN MACROPHAGE AGGREGATES UNDERGO SEASON-DEPENDENT CHANGES? A STEREOMICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION IN WILD OHRID TROUT (SALMO LETNICA KAR.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Rebok ◽  
Irena Tavčiovska-Vasileva ◽  
Maja Jordanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Normal Fluctuations ◽  
Macrophage Aggregates ◽  
Anal Yses

In past decades macrophage aggregates (MACs) were being used in many monitoring studies as useful immu-nological biomarkers of environmental pollution and they are still encountered in the so-called “future biomarkers”, since quantitative studies in aquaculture and/or field of their normal fluctuations as a result of the influence of natural factors are extremely rare. Our investigation was designed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the seasons on MAC's relative volume, number and diameter in the Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica Kar.) spleen. Data showed that all investigated parameters had significantly higher values in fish collected during spring and winter. Correlation anal-yses revealed that the increasing of the relative volume of MACs is a result of the increasing of the relative volume of melanin loaded MACs, as well as the increasing of their number and diameter. These results confirmed that the sea-son can affect MACs variations and should be taken into consideration, especially when spleen MACs are used as pollution biomarkers in monitoring studies.

Environmental Pollution Due to Natural Factors: A Case Study in A Volcanic Area (Vulcano Island, Italy)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Marino Martini ◽  
Luciano Giannini ◽  
Antonella Buccianti ◽  
Laura Maggi ◽  
Franco Prati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Vulcano Island ◽  
Natural Factors

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Evgeny D. Savilov ◽  
N. I. Briko ◽  
S. I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
History Of

Now there is taken place forming of the new active risk factor contributing to the evolution of the epidemic process, namely, the technogenic environmental pollution as the manifestation of the scientific and technical progress which is closely connected with globalization processes. For the preservation of the own species for all history of the development, the human was to force to adapt to regular impact on the habitat of the negative natural factors promoting global changes of climatic conditions surrounding it. However, this feature cannot actively be shown to technogenic risk factors because this influence not only constantly changes, but also continuously increases at the expense of the constantly increasing number of the alien chemicals coming to the biosphere. Environmental pollution by industrial wastes results in significant differences in levels of the incidence of infectious diseases with its higher rates in territories of ecological trouble. Besides, in ecologically unfavorable conditions the instability of development of the epidemic process is revealed (shortening of long-term cycles and considerably bigger fluctuation band of incidence concerning the line of a trend in the years of its cyclical upswings). Technogenic pollution leads to a more severe clinical course of the infectious process, its longer duration, more frequent occurrence of complications, synchronization of process and lengthening of the convalescence period, promotes comorbidity formation. In ecologically unfavorable conditions the level of collective immunity against infections controlled with immune preventive measures in almost healthy children of school age is significantly lower, than in comparison group, which reduces the epidemiological efficiency of vaccine prevention. In the urbanized territories also a change of degree of pathogenicity takes place due to an increase in resistance of pathogens to antibacterial drugs that provide infections advantage for more wide circulation and promotes the growth of infectious pathology. All above-stated has allowed concretizing in the presented review its purpose as displays of an infectious pathology on organismal and population levels in the conditions of technogenic environmental contamination.

Myxosporidia and macrophage centres in chub (Leuciscus cephalus)–quantitative interactions focus on Myxobolus cyprini

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. HOLZER ◽  
O. SCHACHNER
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Macrophage Aggregates ◽  
Leuciscus Cephalus ◽  
Macrophage Aggregation

Six myxosporidian species were found in chub (Leuciscus cephalus) originating from Lower Austrian rivers. The frequency of the parasites and their localization was recorded. In all chub, independent of size and origin, Myxobolus cyprini occurred predominantly in the macrophage centres (MCs) of the haematopoietic organs, spleen and kidney. Exclusively in the head kidney of young fish not yet described vermicular plasmodia containing spores of M. cyprini were found. In muscle tissue the prevalence of M. cyprini was comparatively low. Other species of Myxobolus characterized by plasmodial cysts frequently occurred in gills and swimbladder but were rarely detected, and only in small numbers, in the haematopoietic organs. The number of M. cyprini spores and the relative volume of MCs in the haematopoietic organs were estimated in order to examine possible correlations. Significant interrelated changes were found only in juvenile fish up to a size of 15cm. In bigger fish, the number and size of macrophage aggregates were highly variable and independent of infection intensity and fish size, but the number of spores never exceeded that of the aggregated macrophages. The data suggest that due to an early date of infection M. cyprini is the only species which is closely associated with macrophage aggregation.

Influence of municipal drains of enterprises on the ecology of adjacent territories

10.12737/4854 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Владимир Минаев ◽  
Vladimir Minaev ◽  
Владимир Иванов ◽  
Vladimir Ivanov ◽  
Александр Жаворонков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consistent Approach

A number of environmental-management-related problems and issues arise during an assessment of operating and to-be-constructed enterprises in terms of their potential as sources of environmental pollution. The authors claims that a formulation of conditions for carrying out not only an ecological, but also an ethnological examination which will consider the impact of natural factors on the population of the region is required. The issues of environmental protections are considered as evidenced in the Murmansk region, whose many districts are sparsely populated regions and have one industrial enterprise, which excludes their mutual influence from the scope of research and allows the researchers to take a more consistent approach in tracking and analyzing the influence of each separate enterprise on the ecological situation in all the adjoining territories.

Residual Gas Reaction in the Electron Microscope: II The Design of a Gas-Control Chamber for Quantitative Observations

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Chester J. Calbick ◽  
Richard E. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ion Pump ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Differential Pumping ◽  
And Control

Quantitative studies of the phenomenon associated with reactions induced by the electron beam between specimens and gases present in the electron microscope require precise knowledge and control of the local environment experienced by the portion of the specimen in the electron beam. Because of outgassing phenomena, the environment at the irradiated portion of the specimen is very different from that in any place where gas pressures and compositions can be measured. We have found that differential pumping of the specimen chamber by a 4" Orb-Ion pump, following roughing by a zeolite sorption pump, can produce a specimen-chamber pressure 100- to 1000-fold less than that in the region below the objective lens.

Identification of Pulmonary Deposits from a Sandpaper Worker: A Study by Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
S. K. Peng ◽  
M.A. Egy ◽  
J. K. Singh ◽  
M.B. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Documented Case ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
Pulmonary Changes

Electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) are found to be very useful tools for identification of etiologic agents in pneumoconiosis or interstitial pulmonary disorders. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and granulomatosis are frequently associated with occupational and environmental pollution. Numerous reports of pneumoconiosis in various occupations such as coal and gold miners are presented in the literature. However, there is no known documented case of pulmonary changes in workers in the sandpaper industry. This study reports a rare case of pulmonary granulomatosis containing deposits from abrasives of sandpaper diagnosed by using EDXA.

Comparative strengths and weaknesses of peroxidase and colloidal gold in pre- and post-embedding immunolabeling techniques

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1002-1005
Author(s):  
D. R. Abrahamson ◽  
P. L. St.John ◽  
E. W. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Dense Suspension ◽  
Antigen Localization

Antibodies coupled to tracers for electron microscopy have been instrumental in the ultrastructural localization of antigens within cells and tissues. Among the most popular tracers are horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an enzyme that yields an osmiophilic reaction product, and colloidal gold, an electron dense suspension of particles. Some advantages of IgG-HRP conjugates are that they are readily synthesized, relatively small, and the immunolabeling obtained in a given experiment can be evaluated in the light microscope. In contrast, colloidal gold conjugates are available in different size ranges and multiple labeling as well as quantitative studies can therefore be undertaken through particle counting. On the other hand, gold conjugates are generally larger than those of HRP but usually can not be visualized with light microscopy. Concern has been raised, however, that HRP reaction product, which is exquisitely sensitive when generated properly, may in some cases distribute to sites distant from the original binding of the conjugate and therefore result in spurious antigen localization.

Understanding Why Older People Develop a Wish to Die

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Rurup ◽  
H. R. W. Pasman ◽  
J. Goedhart ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
A. J. F. M. Kerkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Quantitative studies in several European countries showed that 10–20% of older people have or have had a wish to die. Aims: To improve our understanding of why some older people develop a wish to die. Methods: In-depth interviews with people with a wish to die (n = 31) were carried out. Through open coding and inductive analysis, we developed a conceptual framework to describe the development of death wishes. Respondents were selected from two cohort studies. Results: The wish to die had either been triggered suddenly after traumatic life events or had developed gradually after a life full of adversity, as a consequence of aging or illness, or after recurring depression. The respondents were in a situation they considered unacceptable, yet they felt they had no control to change their situation and thus progressively “gave up” trying. Recurring themes included being widowed, feeling lonely, being a victim, being dependent, and wanting to be useful. Developing thoughts about death as a positive thing or a release from problems seemed to them like a way to reclaim control. Conclusions: People who wish to die originally develop thoughts about death as a positive solution to life events or to an adverse situation, and eventually reach a balance of the wish to live and to die.

Review of Environmental Pollution and Mental Health.

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 568-568
Author(s):  
GEORGE W. ALBEE
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Environmental Pollution

Equipment dentifying Vapor Leakages and Recovery of Petroleum Product Vapor When Stored

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Y.N. Rybakov ◽  
◽  
V.E. Danilov ◽  
I.V. Danilov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Vapor Absorption

The problem of losses of oil products from leaks during their storage and transportation at oil supply facilities is considered. The influence of oil product leaks on the environmental situation around oil depots and gas stations is shown. A detailed overview of existing methods and tools for detecting leaks of petroleum products from storage facilities is presented. The evaluation of their effectiveness. Two methods for detecting oil leaks and devices based on them are proposed. The first device monitors the movement of liquid in the tank, the second-detects petroleum products in wastewater. The problem of recovery of petroleum vapors and environmental pollution from the release of vapors of light fractions into the atmosphere is also considered. An overview of existing methods and means of recovery of petroleum vapors is presented. Two methods and devices for capturing oil vapors and returning them to the reservoir are proposed, based on different principles: vapor absorption in the cooled oil product and vapor recovery on the principle of the Carnot cycle. It is shown that these devices can provide effective detection of oil leaks and recovery of their vapors, as well as improve the effectiveness of environmental protection at modern gas stations and tank farms.

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