scholarly journals New book science: a look into the future

Bibliosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
D. A. Elyashevich ◽  
V. A. Mutyev
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Modern Textbook ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Book Studies ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
History Of Books ◽  
New Research

Modern media2 transformations are accompanied by changes in the spatio-temporal characteristics of social interaction. Traditional and new ways of fixing and transmitting ideas, their materialization through various communication channels are at the heart of these changes. This shapes the need for actualization of research, development of new approaches, clarification of the object and the subject of medialogical disciplines, including book studies.In this study, the main problems of modern Russian bibliology have been identified: limited potential of morally outdated approaches (structural-typological, functional, documentgraphics), a breakaway from the dynamically changing international social and humanitarian agenda and non-participation in international bibliological forums, the functioning of a closed system of scholarly communication. Among other problems are: methodological cliché, limited use of sociological methods, slow digitalization of book studies.The contemporary understanding of the production and dissemination of symbolic forms as an unstructured and non-hierarchical system requires fundamentally new research approaches, the extension of methodological tools, crossdisciplinary study of the theory and history of books.The purpose of the article is to form the concept of “a new book science” with the object which should be considered as a system with emphasis on feedback “author – writing – text – reading – reader”.A system of projects focused on practical implementation of this concept is proposed: medialogical approach development; interdisciplinary research of the history of the reader and reading in Russia; the formation of an independent scientific field – the sociology of book – and the design of the eponymous educational discipline; preparation of a modern textbook on book science for higher education. 

Muslim Integration and French Society

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
North African ◽  
French Society ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research

The subject of Muslim integration has been the focus of much policy development, media engagement, and everyday conversation in France. Because of the strong rhetoric about national identity—a national identity based on Republican ideals of universalism, equality, and French secularism (laïcité)—the question often becomes, “Can Muslims, as Muslims, integrate into French society and ‘be’ French?” In other contexts (e.g., the United States), religion may act as an aid in immigrants’ integration. In Europe, and France specifically, religion is viewed as an absolute hindrance to integration. Because of this, and thanks to a specific migration history of Muslims to France, the colonial grounding for the development of French nationality and secularism, and the French assimilationist model of integration, Muslims are often viewed as, at best, not able to integrate and, at worst, not willing to integrate into French society. The socioeconomic inequality between Muslim and non-Muslim French (as represented by life in the banlieues [suburbs]), the continued labeling of second- and third-generation North African Muslim youth as “immigrants,” the occurrence of terrorist attacks and radicalization on European soil, and the use of religious symbols (whether the head scarf or religious food practices) as symbols of intentional difference all add to the perception that Muslims are, and should be, the subject of integration efforts in France. While the discourse is often that Muslims have failed to integrate into French society through an acceptance and enactment of French values and policies, new research is suggesting that the “failed” integration of Muslims reveals a deeper failure of French Republican universalism, equality, and secularism.

Der Erzieher als Techniker, die Technologie der Pädagogik

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-483
Author(s):  
Heinz-Elmar Tenorth
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Basic Theory ◽  
Empirical Educational Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research ◽  
Sharp Rejection

Abstract The Educator as a Technician, the Technology of Pedagogy The article reconstructs the ambivalent history of dealing with the metaphor of technology between educational philosophy, practical knowledge of educationalists and empirical educational research. The sharp rejection of technology and a relatively unproblematic reflection and use of pedagogical technologies characterize the historical situation. The diagnosis of the simultaneity of technology deficit and technology verdict has redefined the subject and above all has shown that, despite new research, there is still no universally recognized understanding of the practices of education or clarity about the connection between knowledge, science and action in basic theory and educational philosophy. The metaphor codes fractions, but complicates the formation of theory.

scholarly journals The importance of the photosynthetic Gibbs effect in the elucidation of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Ebenhöh ◽  
Stephanie Spelberg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Reduction Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Textbook ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Carbon Reduction Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction ◽  
Central Scientific

The photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, or Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle, is now contained in every standard biochemistry textbook. Although the cycle was already proposed in 1954, it is still the subject of intense research, and even the structure of the cycle, i.e. the exact series of reactions, is still under debate. The controversy about the cycle's structure was fuelled by the findings of Gibbs and Kandler in 1956 and 1957, when they observed that radioactive 14CO2 was dynamically incorporated in hexoses in a very atypical and asymmetrical way, a phenomenon later termed the ‘photosynthetic Gibbs effect’. Now, it is widely accepted that the photosynthetic Gibbs effect is not in contradiction to the reaction scheme proposed by CBB, but the arguments given have been largely qualitative and hand-waving. To fully appreciate the controversy and to understand the difficulties in interpreting the Gibbs effect, it is illustrative to illuminate the history of the discovery of the CBB cycle. We here give an account of central scientific advances and discoveries, which were essential prerequisites for the elucidation of the cycle. Placing the historic discoveries in the context of the modern textbook pathway scheme illustrates the complexity of the cycle and demonstrates why especially dynamic labelling experiments are far from easy to interpret. We conclude by arguing that it requires sound theoretical approaches to resolve conflicting interpretations and to provide consistent quantitative explanations.

scholarly journals Horizons of cybernetical physics

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2088) ◽  
pp. 20160223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Fradkov
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Quantum Control ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chaotic Behaviour ◽  
Synchronization Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research

The subject and main areas of a new research field—cybernetical physics—are discussed. A brief history of cybernetical physics is outlined. The main areas of activity in cybernetical physics are briefly surveyed, such as control of oscillatory and chaotic behaviour, control of resonance and synchronization, control in thermodynamics, control of distributed systems and networks, quantum control. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Horizons of cybernetical physics’.

scholarly journals Mykola Yakovych Dakhnov (1862–1930): the Symbolic Personality of Steppic Forestry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Varfolomii Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is search and generalization of information about M. Ya. Dakhnovʼs life and activity and creation of the most complete biography of the outstanding forester of Ukraine for today.Methods of research: analytical-synthetic, historical-chronological, comparative-historical, logical, historical-biographical.The scientific novelty: for the first time in the historical-chronological context the life and creative way of the outstanding forester M. Ya. Dakhnov is being considered. The hypothesis about the M. Ya. Dakhnov's pedigree is expressed and substantiated.Practical significance: materials can be used in drawing up handbooks on the history of forestry in Ukraine.The originality of the research is based on a wide range of sources used and their analytical and synthetic elaboration.Type of article: descriptive, research. scientific and biographical.The main results. Based on the analysis of historiographical sources on the history of the development of the national steppe forestry, the subject of research was determined: the life and career of a well-known forester and gardener Mykola Yakovych Dakhnov. The little-known facts of his life activity were introduced into scientific circulation. A hypothesis was expressed about who were the parents (father) M. Ya. Dakhnov. The materials are given that in his youth M. Ya. Dakhnov was involved in protest actions against the government of the Russian Empire. The process of the formation of M. Ya. Dakhnov as a well-known specialist in the field of steppe forestry and gardening is considered. Based on the study of materials of the forestry congress in Great Anadol (1908), the role of M. Ya. Dakhnov in the creation and practical implementation of various types of afforestation and methods of "remediation" of forest stands was substantiated. His organizational and scientific activities during the 1908 congress in Great Anadol are shown and his proposals on strengthening the gardening direction in lower forest schools are considered. Given the little-known facts from the life and work of M. Ya. Dakhnov after 1919, when he retired, It was suggested that the resignation and relocation to Alushta could be associated with family circumstances caused by the civil war. Attention is drawn to the presence of "white spots" in biographical essays on M. Ya. Dakhnov. It is noted in this regard, the need for further research of his life and work.

scholarly journals People, Animals, Protected Places, and Archaeology: A Complex Collaboration in Belize

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-137
Author(s):  
Meaghan M. Peuramaki-Brown ◽  
Shawn G. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Multidisciplinary Program ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Maya Mountains ◽  
United Nations Declaration

The authors of this chapter direct the Stann Creek Regional Archaeology Project (SCRAP), featuring a multi-year, multi-site, multidisciplinary program of archaeological research along the south-eastern margins of the Maya Mountains, Stann Creek District, Belize. While we and our team members most frequently direct our academic efforts in an attempt to reconstruct and understand the complicated suite of developmental processes, experiences, and life histories of the inhabitants of this region more than 1000 years ago, this ancient past represents only one of the two dominant spatio-temporal and socio-political contexts with which we engage on a regular basis. In this chapter, we shift our focus to the interactions with present-day individuals, communities, and institutions that structure our archaeological work. For some perspective, we will discuss the history of the development of the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and connected forest reserves—totaling some 1011 km2 of nominally ‘protected’ space—and ongoing co-management organization and use relationships with adjacent Indigenous Maya communities. We frame this development within the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and supplement historical records with informally gathered impressions from local rights-holders and stakeholders, as well as through our own experiences and observations. We conclude by returning to the subject of our own operations within the region to highlight how SCRAP has attempted to learn from this history—particularly with respect to co-management and community engagement—and to propose areas for improvement.

A History of Discriminated Buraku Communities in Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teraki Nobuaki ◽  
Kurokawa Midori
Keyword(s):  
Social Problem ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Source Book ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Japan ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Research

At the heart of modern Japan there remains an intractable and divisive social problem with its roots in pre-history, namely the ongoing social discrimination against the D?wa communities, otherwise known as Buraku. Their marginalization and isolation within society as a whole remains a veiled yet contested issue. Buraku studies, once largely ignored within Japan’s academia and by scholarly publishers, have developed considerably in the first decades of the twenty-first century, as the extensive bibliographies of both Japanese and English sources provided here clearly demonstrates. The authors of the present study published in Japanese in 2016 and translated here by the Oxford scholar Ian Neary, have been able to incorporate this most recent data. Because of its importance as the first Buraku history based on this new research, a wider readership was always the authors’ principal focus. Yet, it also provides a valuable source book for further study by those wishing to develop their knowledge about the subject from an informed base. This history of the Buraku communities and their antecedents is the first such study to be published in English.

scholarly journals Nowe perspektywy w badaniach nad nowożytnymi albumami przyjaźni

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Anna Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
History Of Books ◽  
New Research ◽  
The University

New research perspectives on books of friendshipThe article, based on a study of books of friendship alba amicorum in the collection of the University Library in Wrocław, aims at presenting new research perspectives on this kind of manuscripts. The author outlines the history of books of friendship and gives an explanation on the state of research footnotes 11 to 19, focusing on methods and undertaken topics. In the subsequent sections, alba amicorum are presented as “Objects and elements of the network,” “Collections” and “Performances.” The section “Objects and network elements of the network” refers to the return to materiality and the idea of the agency of things. It presents alba amicorum as material entities not only carriers of certain information or pieces of art, as well as an active part in the development and sustaining of social networks. Each book of friendship is both a collection of autographs, visual objects, quotes from literature and a collectible piece. This approach was presented in the section titled “Collections.” At the same time, alba amicorum gathered in museums or libraries tend to lose their performative character, presented in the last section.

scholarly journals From the History of Conferences on the Machine and Mechanism Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. I-VII
Author(s):  
J. Wojnarowski
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Classification Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthesis Of Mechanisms ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Research

Abstract In the course of the past sixty years of the Polish Committee for the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (PC TMM) 24 scientific and didactic conferences have been held. The subject matter of these conferences, generally organized every other year, comprised problems of the classification, analysis and synthesis of mechanisms, the dynamics of machine systems, investigations concerning self-excited vibrations, the stability of the systems, the control of machines and biomechanics. The numbers of submitted papers as well as the number of participants substantiate the need of organizing such conferences, their importance and the activity of the Polish Committee of TMM for the purpose of creating a platform for the presentation and discussion of new research methods in the domain of mechanisms, machines, biomechanics and mechatronics.

scholarly journals The history of the transformation of women of Naddnipryansk Ukraine from an object into a subject of the political process: from idea to practical implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (28-29) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Valeria Motuz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article substantiates the theoretical and practical foundations of the development of the women’s movement in Naddnipryan Ukraine in the conditions of active politicization of society in the late 19th – early 20th century. When the object of the study is the increase by women from Naddnipryanskaya Ukraine of their social status in society, and the subject is their transformation from an object into a subject of political activity. This process is revealed from the standpoint of the influence of the politicization of Ukrainian society in the late 19th – early 20th century on the movement of socially active women in Nadnipryansk Ukraine towards achieving the modernization of the system of power and management from the point of view of gender equality and is presented as a transitional stage to this.

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