scholarly journals Memories of war and problems of forming defence consciousness by means of book business

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
S. N. Lyutov

Actuality and significance of problems of forming social consciousness with its necessary defence component are conditioned by unremitting tension of inter-state relations, transiting into a certain degree of war confrontation. Experience of all wars testifies to the fact that all victories in war hostility are achieved not only by rivalry of military potentials and generals’ skills but also by firmness of spiritual bases and people moral strengths. War history many times has proved patriotic incite and the society unity to be important factors influencing the course and the result of wars. Since the moment of writing invention, oral traditions began to be supplemented by document evidences of war history and invention of book printing not only has widened possibilities of memorable history events’ data circulation but also has transformed the printed word into effective means of information hostility of struggling sides. This article aim is to actualize problems, connected with transformations of war memories, and using book for to preserve it and form a defence component of public consciousness. Historical and book-study analysis of military publishing practice of the XVII–XX centuries proves the tradition of describing war history not only for to study battle experience by military specialists but also for to consolidate the tragedy and lessons of war in public consciousness. Memories of war cannot be similar for winners and losers, and that produces different evaluations of war events and their relevant reflection on pages of fundamental militaryhistorical works and memoirs. Comparison of different memorialists’ viewpoints confirms memory variability, but permits the researchers to approach evaluations that are more objective. To observe the 75-th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 by carrying out the Year of memory and glory in Russia has become a new impulse for turning to historical memory and research of poorly studied problems. This war experience contains actual lessons of book usage as an important means of forming defence consciousness in the pre-war period and its reconstruction in the years of war.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ahmed Adam Abdalla Babiker

This study focuses on the theme of humanitarianism as portrayed in Hughes’ poetry. One key objective of this study is to find out to what extent Hughes deals with the theme of humanitarianism in his poetry. Also, to shed lights on the theme of humanitarianism as human value and to compare the western concept of humanitarianism with the Islamic one and reach some conclusions. The study follows the descriptive, analytic and comparative approach to discuss and rationally analyze five selected poems of Hughes with special reference to the theme of humanitarianism that is depicted in them. In accordance, a number of findings have been obtained:  many types of humanitarianism such as reducing the human suffering, protection of human rights, including, right of life, security, freedom, equality, justice and peace have been portrayed in Langston Hughes poetry. In addition, values of impartiality and neutrality which represent the central point of humanitarianism are also portrayed. Also, it can be said that conducting comparative studies is one important means for cultural understanding between different peoples, and can be used as an effective means for the exchange of ideas, values, experiences and yet draw the nations closer to each other; hence contributing to the spread of understanding and peace between peoples. Moreover, despite the existence of some differences in some points, specifications and concepts, nonetheless, the theme of humanitarianism is found as a key value in both American and Islamic traditions; although the difference of cultures, including religions. Lastly, it can be said that due to the findings of the study, we could argue that, the humanitarianism cannot be separated from human rights.


Author(s):  
Margaret S. Barrett

This article, which presents an overview by exploring the characteristic features of a range of musical beginnings and the possibilities for learning that are evidenced, demonstrates that much of young children's early music-making is improvised in the moment as a means to communicate with others and self. Such communications, from responses and exchanges in “motherese” or “parentese” to young children's independent invented song-making, may be regarded as the first “oral tradition.” Oral traditions draw on the power of repetition and the human urge to generate and create. Their musical outputs feature elaboration and ideational fluency as well as the acknowledgment of the musical cultures from which the tradition arises.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Sungjin Hong ◽  
Heesook Shin ◽  
Younhee Gil ◽  
Junghee Jo

Virtual reality (VR) has proven an effective means of job training for people with intellectual disabilities who may experience difficulties in learning. However, it is unlikely for them to successfully complete a certain task using only VR-based job training contents without receiving supplemental help from others. Accordingly, to increase the effectiveness of virtual job training for people with intellectual disabilities in training situations in which they may experience difficulty and become unable to proceed further, the contents of the training program need to automatically identify such moments and provide support so that they may correctly perform the task. To identity the moment of intervention, we conducted an experiment (n = 21) to collect eye tracking data of people with intellectual disabilities while performing VR-based barista training. We measured eye scanning patterns to identify any difference between people with intellectual disabilities who complete a given step independently and those who request intervention. We found that the information about the types of fixated objects did not help to identify any difference, but the information about eye transition, eye movements between two different areas of interest, was useful in identifying the difference. Our findings provide implications for identifying the moment of intervention for people with intellectual disabilities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
G.M. Bobizoda ◽  
◽  
T. Zh. Shakenova ◽  
N. Zh. Shakenova ◽  
◽  
...  

The article deals with the formation of functional literacy of students through the technology of project activities in biology lessons.Project activity is one of the most effective educational technologies of a modern school.It is a purposeful, independent activity of students under the guidance of a teacher.The teacher creates a positive emotional mood of all students during the work on the project and organizes equal partner confidential communication.The essence of this technology is to stimulate children's interest in certain problems involving the possession of a certain amount of knowledge and through project activities to show the practical application of the knowledge obtained. This project is designed for individual work, pair work, group work, which students perform for a certain period of time.At the same time,the role of the teacher changes - from a simple translator ofknowledge, it becomes a real organizer of joint work with students, contributing to the transition to real cooperation in the course of knowledge acquisition. The project activity is based on the development of students ' cognitive skills, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate the information space, and develop critical and creative thinking.This technology allows students to acquire knowledge in the process of their own educational and cognitive activities.Project activity is one of the most effective means of forming key competencies of students at the moment.


Author(s):  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Oleg Romanko

Introduction. The publication is a review of the monograph of British researcher V. Davis, dedicated to the Soviet and Post-Soviet memory of the Great Patriotic War in the hero city of Novorossiysk. Methods and materials. Based on a significant set of published materials and oral interviews, the author characterizes discourse, memorials, and practices related to the genesis and subsequent development of the “myth about Malaya Zemlya”. From the methodological point of view, the peer-reviewed monograph is written from the position of the popular direction of memory studies in the West and is characterized by interdisciplinarity, increased attention to the analysis of memorial discourse, visual representations and social practices, while completely ignoring the complex of archival sources on the research topic. Analysis and Results. The main conclusion of the author is that through its association with L.I. Brezhnev’s biography during his reign, the “malozemelniy myth” became an important part of not only local but also national historical memory. Generally, the reviewed book is a valuable contribution to the study of the collective memory of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet and Post-Soviet period, and the debatable nature of its individual provisions can serve as an incentive for the emergence of new studies. The main disadvantage of the book in terms of its scientific significance is the author’s desire to impose on the reader non-obvious political conclusions about the total mythology of the Soviet/Post-Soviet memory of the Great Patriotic War, as well as the permanent militarism of public consciousness in the USSR/Russia.


Bioethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
A.V. Basov ◽  
◽  
А.А. Ruhtin ◽  

The article examines the development of genetic science from the moment of its inception to the present state, shows the transformation of ideas about genetics and attitudes towards it during the evolution of public consciousness (from utopia nism to alarmism). The modern possibilities of genetic technologies, the prospects of their influence on social structures and on the nature of the person himself are analyzed, the risks and social consequences associated with this process are explicated. The potential of genetic engineering, technologies of "human improvement", genetic testing is considered, its ability to influence the fundamental foundations of human existence, the ability to transform the boundaries between biological and social, nature and culture, is demonstrated. The authors also touch upon the problem of transhumanism, within the framework of which the contradiction between the position of the supporters of the emergence of mankind on a new round of evolution and modern ideas about the natural equality of all people is indicated, the overcoming of which carries ethical, legal and political consequences that are difficult to predict.


Author(s):  
Ammar Shakir Mahmood

Investment is of paramount importance at the moment as it is the most effective means of advancing economic and social development and thus contributes to the development of countries and the well-being of peoples, whether directly or indirectly. This provided an incentive for countries to compete and compete with each other to attract investment by providing the appropriate legal framework to achieve an optimal investment environment. The success of this approach depends on the extent to which the legislator understands the concept of investment and clarifies its concept clearly and flexibly to accommodate all future investment activities., And to clarify the impact on the investment process to ultimately reach a specific concept of investment.


Author(s):  
Р.Я. Фидарова ◽  
И.А. Кайтова

Критический реализм художественный метод, с помощью которого осетинская литература отражает жизнь в формах самой жизни, в образах, создаваемых посредством специфических приемов типизации различных явлений и фактов действительности. Именно он дает возможность литературе стать важнейшим средством познания мира и человека, раскрыть порой противоречивую сущность жизни, процессуально показать взаимодействие героя и действительности, влияние социально-исторических обстоятельств на формирование личности человека. Одной из важнейших функций осетинского искусства критического реализма является художественное исследование социальной действительности в поступательном ходе ее развития, т.е. изучение и анализ не только уже существующих в обществе форм взаимоотношений людей между собой, но и процесс вызревания также и новых типов людей, характеров и обстоятельств. В целом это существенно меняет характер и сущность осетинской литературы. Критический реализм в осетинской литературе воплощает принципы жизненно-правдивого изображения действительности, целью которых является глубокое, последовательное и осмысленное познание человека и окружающего его мира во всей их противоречивой сути. Как форма общественного сознания, осетинская литература критического реализма отражает сущность объективного мира осетин, но не пассивно и зеркально. Осмысление гносеологических основ ленинской теории отражения приводит к пониманию важности и необходимости постановки вопроса о философских основах критического реализма в осетинской литературе. В целом это дает возможность исследования сложной диалектики ее отношения к действительности. Критический реализм ставит и решает в осетинской литературе сложные философские проблемы, исследуя структуру буржуазного общества на стыке XIX и ХХ вв., т.е. на стыке эпох: своеобразие и сущность труда, собственности, морали, семьи, человека, народа, классов, специфики системы общественного управления, эволюции общественного и индивидуального сознания, духовности осетинского общества и т.д. Таким образом, критический реализм дает возможность глубоко и многоаспектно проанализировать анатомию осетинского общества и в целом общественного бытия осетин. Благодаря критическому реализму осетинская литература сформировала универсально-целостный философский взгляд на общественную жизнь, на взаимосвязи общества и человека накопила большой художественно-эстетический опыт осмысления проблем общества и человека. Critical realism is an artistic method by which Ossetian literature reflects life in the forms of life itself in images created through specific techniques of typifying various phenomena and facts of reality. It is this very method which makes it possible for literature to become the most important means of understanding the world and a man, to reveal the sometimes contradictory essence of life, to procedurally show the interaction of the hero and reality, the influence of socio-historical circumstances on the formation of ones personality. One of the most important functions of the Ossetian art of critical realism is an artistic study of social reality in the progressive course of its development, i.e. the study and analysis of not only forms of relationships between people among themselves existing in the society, but also of the process of maturing of completely new types of people, characters and circumstances. In general, this significantly changes the nature and essence of the Ossetian literature. Critical realism in the Ossetian literature embodies the principles of a life-truthful depiction of the reality, the purpose of which is deep, consistent and meaningful knowledge of a person and the world around him in all their contradictory essence. As a form of public consciousness, the Ossetian literature of critical realism reflects the essence of the objective world of the Ossetians, but not passively and speculatively. Understanding the epistemological foundations of the Leninist theory of reflection leads to an understanding of the importance and necessity of raising the question of the philosophical foundations of critical realism in the Ossetian literature. In general, this makes it possible to study the complex dialectics of its relationship to reality. Critical realism poses and solves complex philosophical problems in the Ossetian literature, exploring the structure of bourgeois society at the turn of the XIXth and XXth centuries, i.e. at the intersection of eras, the uniqueness and essence of labor, property, morality, family, man, people, classes, the specifics of the system of public administration, the evolution of social and individual consciousness, the spirituality of Ossetian society, etc. Critical realism makes it possible to deeply and multifacetedly analyze the anatomy of Ossetian society and the general social life of Ossetians. So, thanks to critical realism, Ossetian literature has formed a universally-integrated philosophical view of the social life, of the relationship between society and man accumulated a great artistic and aesthetic experience in understanding the problems of the society and a man.


Bibliosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
S. N. Lyutov

The article presents an attempt to study the historical-bibliologic concept of memory. Studying the opinions of historians, sociologists, bibliologists allowed comprehending the role of book and reading in the processes of memory preservation and forming the public consciousness historical component. The author analyzes relationship between the traditions of bookishness and memory; negative tendencies of the «break with tradition» in a sphere of modern book culture.


2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 1199-1203
Author(s):  
Xiu Qin Li ◽  
Xi Liang Yang

The simulation has become an important means to evaluate and analysis performance of the design during the study of switch structure and scheduling algorithm. Simulation software for switch structure and scheduling algorithm exist at present all defective in inheritable and scalability. In order to evaluate the performance of PPS system accurately and intuitively, the simulation platform CICQ-PPS-SIM for PPS system was designed. We used Object-oriented technology to analysis, design and implement the platform. CICQ-PPS-SIM overcame the problems of simulation software existing like lack of scalability, poor operational and so on, provides an effective means to evaluate the performance of switch system.


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