scholarly journals Guided Self-Accelerating Airy Beams—A Mini-Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqi Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Milivoj R. Belic ◽  
Yanpeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Linear Potential ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Particle Manipulation ◽  
Spatial Control ◽  
Matter Waves ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acceleration Structure ◽  
Airy Beams

Owing to the nondiffracting, self-accelerating, and self-healing properties, Airy beams of different nature have become a subject of immense interest in the past decade. Their interesting properties have opened doors to many diverse applications. Consequently, the questions of how to properly design spatial manipulation of Airy beams or how to implement them in different setups have become important and timely in the development of various optical devices. Here, based on our previous work, we present a short review on the spatial control of Airy beams, including the interactions of Airy beams in nonlinear media, beam propagation in harmonic potential, and the dynamics of abruptly autofocusing Airy beams in the presence of a dynamic linear potential. We demonstrate that under the guidance of nonlinearity and external potential, the trajectory, acceleration, structure, and even the basic properties of Airy beams can be adjusted to suit specific needs. We describe other fascinating phenomena observed with Airy beams, such as self-Fourier transformation, periodic inversion of Airy beams, and the appearance of spatial solitons in the presence of nonlinearity. These results have promoted the development of Airy beams, and have been utilized in various applications, including particle manipulation, self-trapping, and electronic matter waves.

scholarly journals Achromatic terahertz Airy beam generation with dielectric metasurfaces

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cheng ◽  
Juncheng Wang ◽  
Ling Ma ◽  
Zhixiong Shen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Imaging ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Airy Beam ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Airy Beams

AbstractAiry beams exhibit intriguing properties such as nonspreading, self-bending, and self-healing and have attracted considerable recent interest because of their many potential applications in photonics, such as to beam focusing, light-sheet microscopy, and biomedical imaging. However, previous approaches to generate Airy beams using photonic structures have suffered from severe chromatic problems arising from strong frequency dispersion of the scatterers. Here, we design and fabricate a metasurface composed of silicon posts for the frequency range 0.4–0.8 THz in transmission mode, and we experimentally demonstrate achromatic Airy beams exhibiting autofocusing properties. We further show numerically that a generated achromatic Airy-beam-based metalens exhibits self-healing properties that are immune to scattering by particles and that it also possesses a larger depth of focus than a traditional metalens. Our results pave the way to the realization of flat photonic devices for applications to noninvasive biomedical imaging and light-sheet microscopy, and we provide a numerical demonstration of a device protocol.

ON "PLASTIC" WAVES IN SOLIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Bowsher
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Past Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engineering Significance ◽  
The Subject

The study of the propagation of "plastic" waves in solids has reached a stage where it is necessary to consider which direction future research should take. In the past 90 or so years many experiments, mostly designed to elucidate certain points of engineering significance, and a few attempts at a theoretical study have cast some light on the subject and revealed it as one of formidable difficulty.Nearly all the experiments have of necessity relied on rather dubious theories for their interpretation, and part of the present paper will be devoted to a description of an apparatus which gives results capable of being interpreted with a very minimum of theory. The remainder of the paper is devoted to a short review of past work with particular emphasis on basic phenomena and to a brief discussion on the most pressing problems still remaining. The experiments described in the present paper bring to light a factor in the propagation of "plastic" waves that seems to have been overlooked in previous work.

scholarly journals Brief structural insight into the allosteric gating mechanism of BK (Slo1) channel

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-502
Author(s):  
János Almássy ◽  
Péter P. Nánási
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gating Model ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Electrophysiological Measurements ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The big conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channel, also known as BK, MaxiK, Slo1, or KCa1.1, is a ligand- and voltage-gated K+ channel. Although structure-function studies of the past decades, involving mutagenesis and electrophysiological measurements, revealed fine details of the mechanism of BK channel gating, the exact molecular details remained unknown until the quaternary structure of the protein has been solved at a resolution of 3.5 Å using cryo-electron microscopy. In this short review, we are going to summarize these results and interpret the gating model of the BK channel in the light of the recent structural results.

scholarly journals Self-Healing Materials for Electronics Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Fouzia Mashkoor ◽  
Sun Jin Lee ◽  
Hoon Yi ◽  
Seung Man Noh ◽  
Changyoon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Self-healing materials have been attracting the attention of the scientists over the past few decades because of their effectiveness in detecting damage and their autonomic healing response. Self-healing materials are an evolving and intriguing field of study that could lead to a substantial increase in the lifespan of materials, improve the reliability of materials, increase product safety, and lower product replacement costs. Within the past few years, various autonomic and non-autonomic self-healing systems have been developed using various approaches for a variety of applications. The inclusion of appropriate functionalities into these materials by various chemistries has enhanced their repair mechanisms activated by crack formation. This review article summarizes various self-healing techniques that are currently being explored and the associated chemistries that are involved in the preparation of self-healing composite materials. This paper further surveys the electronic applications of self-healing materials in the fields of energy harvesting devices, energy storage devices, and sensors. We expect this article to provide the reader with a far deeper understanding of self-healing materials and their healing mechanisms in various electronics applications.

Some Aspects of S.S.T. Operations in Non-optimum Conditions

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
P. S. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Penalty

Over the past few years, numerous papers have been written concerning various aspects of S.S.T. operations, the majority dealing with one or two facets. This short review considers those aspects which are of major importance when the S.S.T. is operated in non-optimum conditions and an attempt is made to indicate the relative cost penalty caused by the phenomena discussed, the performance in smooth standard conditions being taken as the datum. Little of the information presented is new and most of the points mentioned are considered in greater detail in the references. (Crown copyright, reproduced with the permission of H.M.S.O.)

Why blackseed can be the cure for all illnesses except death

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Rashid Bhikha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Vast Range ◽  
Regular Intake

The use of plants to prevent and treat illnesses has been known since time immemorial. Blackseed has been used in different civilizations around the world for centuries. The curative properties of blackseed were mentioned in the Bible and further elaborated on by Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) as “Hold on to the use of blackseed, as it has a remedy for every illness except death”. Extensive research conducted over the past century into the phytochemistry of blackseed has identified many active ingredients and confirmed its pharmacological action in the treatment of a vast range of illness conditions across the different systems of the body, including the prevention and treatment of cancer, and optimum functioning of the immune system. Furthermore, the Tibb philosophical principles highlight the ability of the body’s inherent self-healing capacity, known as Physis, and the intricate functioning of the human body, based on the temperamental and humoral theory. This paper emphasizes the importance of Physis, and its role in the maintenance and restoration of health with the regular intake of blackseed, highlighting why blackseed can be a cure for all illnesses except death. Keywords: Blackseed, phytochemistry, pharmacological action, Tibb philosophical principles.

scholarly journals Research journey of respirasome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu ◽  
Jinke Gu ◽  
Shuai Zong ◽  
Runyu Guo ◽  
Tianya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Resolution Structure

AbstractRespirasome, as a vital part of the oxidative phosphorylation system, undertakes the task of transferring electrons from the electron donors to oxygen and produces a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the coupled translocation of protons. Copious research has been carried out on this lynchpin of respiration. From the discovery of individual respiratory complexes to the report of the high-resolution structure of mammalian respiratory supercomplex I1III2IV1, scientists have gradually uncovered the mysterious veil of the electron transport chain (ETC). With the discovery of the mammalian respiratory mega complex I2III2IV2, a new perspective emerges in the research field of the ETC. Behind these advances glitters the light of the revolution in both theory and technology. Here, we give a short review about how scientists ‘see’ the structure and the mechanism of respirasome from the macroscopic scale to the atomic scale during the past decades.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Continuous-Flow Particle Manipulations Using Magnetic Fluids

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangchun Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Magnetic Fluids ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Particle Manipulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Medium Exchange ◽  
Flow Particle

Magnetic field-induced particle manipulation is simple and economic as compared to other techniques (e.g., electric, acoustic, and optical) for lab-on-a-chip applications. However, traditional magnetic controls require the particles to be manipulated being magnetizable, which renders it necessary to magnetically label particles that are almost exclusively diamagnetic in nature. In the past decade, magnetic fluids including paramagnetic solutions and ferrofluids have been increasingly used in microfluidic devices to implement label-free manipulations of various types of particles (both synthetic and biological). We review herein the recent advances in this field with focus upon the continuous-flow particle manipulations. Specifically, we review the reported studies on the negative magnetophoresis-induced deflection, focusing, enrichment, separation, and medium exchange of diamagnetic particles in the continuous flow of magnetic fluids through microchannels.

Recent Progress on the Synthesis of CF2H-Containing Derivatives

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (24) ◽  
pp. 4549-4567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Levi ◽  
Dafna Amir ◽  
Eytan Gershonov ◽  
Yossi Zafrani
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Group A

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the development of novel synthetic methods and new reagents for the synthesis of difluoromethylated compounds. Dozens of studies have been published on this topic each year over the past few years. These studies are focused on direct and indirect difluoromethylation of various organic functionalities via nucleophilic-, electrophilic-, radical-, carbene- or metal-mediated mechanisms. The present short review covers the very recent studies, published between mid-2017 and early 2019, on the synthesis of compounds containing a CF2H group. A brief summary of the physicochemical properties and medicinal applications of difluoromethylated compounds is also included.1 Introduction2 Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation2.1 Metal-Mediated Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation2.2 Non-Metal Difluoromethyl Nucleophiles3 Radical Difluoromethylation3.1 Metal-Induced Radical Difluoromethylation3.2 Non-Metal-Induced Radical Difluoromethylation3.3 Electrochemically Induced Radical Difluoromethylation4 Carbene-Based Difluoromethylation4.1 Metal-Induced Carbene Difluoromethylation4.2 Non-Metal-Induced Difluoromethyl Carbenes5 Cross-Coupling Difluoromethylation5.1 Palladium-Catalyzed Difluoromethylation5.2 Nickel-Catalyzed Difluoromethylation5.3 Copper-Mediated Difluoromethylation5.4 Iron-Catalyzed Difluoromethylation5.5 Gold-Mediated Difluoromethylation6 Electrophilic Difluoromethylation7 Other Examples7.1 A Difluoromethyl-Borane Complex7.2 A Tellurium Difluoromethyl Derivative8 Summary

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