Relative Efficacy of Organic Substrates on Maize Root Proliferation under Water Stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Safdar Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Water Contents

The aggravating threat for today’s agriculture is provision of food security to ever-escalating eating mouths utilizing scarce resources. Water scarcity is restraining humans to produce more from drops of water in place of gallons. Root is present at soil-plant interface and is main water extractor for plant. Its growth pattern varies as soil moisture conditions fluctuates. Present pot study consisting of two factors i.e. organic substrates (Farm manure, Poultry Manure and Molasses) and different water stress levels (50, 75, 100 and 125% of AWCs) using maize as test crop to assess their impact on different growth parameters (especially root growth). The experiment was conducted using CRD under factorial arrangement. Root length (44.55 cm), root fresh & dry biomass (71.10 g and 24.30 g), root diameter (1.73 mm), root volume (0.24 cm3) and root length density (7.4 × 10−3 cm cm−3) were observed in farm manure treated pots at 75% AWC that was statistically indistinguishable from all other treatments at same water level and 100% water availability but eloquently greater than plants of all treatments at 50% and 125% available water contents. Shoot length, dry and fresh weights were observed greater in plants having 100% available moistures, that were at par with 75% water treated plants. Comparing treatments for all of the parameters in multivariate cluster analysis it was concluded that 75% available water contents produce almost similar to 100% along with the benefit of water security.

Root and Shoot Responses to Salt Stress in Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonathan Ephrath ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
Amnon Bustan ◽  
Lina Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Over Time

<p>Salinity affects plant growth due to both osmotic and ionic stress. The root system is essential in defense mechanisms against salinity, particularly involving salt ion avoidance or exclusion. Jojoba (<em>Simmondsia chinensis</em>) displays significant resistance to salinity. In the present study, Jojoba was planted in 60-L plastic buckets containing perlite growth medium and were provided with eight distinct salinity levels using two operating tanks of final irrigation solutions. Response of Jojoba to salinity was measured in above ground parameters and in roots using minirhizotron access tubes and imaging analysis. Leaf phosphorous and potassium concentrations decreased with increasing salinity level while leaf manganese, calcium, sodium and chloride concentrations increased with irrigation salinity level. Jojoba plants were found to have high level of storage of salt minerals in leaves but without effects on photosynthesis or transpiration. Roots exhibited different distribution patterns under different salinity treatments. Root length density increased with increased salinity at each depth. Root number and root length increased over time. During spring, the plant growth was faster than winter. Root diameter decreased over time due to new root development. Time had a more significant effect on root length density than irrigation water salinity or soil depth. Root number and root length were not significantly affected by the salt treatments.</p>

scholarly journals ROOT GROWTH OF CHINESE JUNIPER DURING THE FIRST THREE YEARS AFTER PLANTING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064e-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root Spread

Shoot and root growth were measured on Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis L.) Var. `Torulosa', `Sylvestris', `Pfitzeriana' and `Hetzii' 1, 2 and 3 years after planting into a simulated landscape from 10-liter black plastic containers. Mean diameter of the root system increased quadratically averaging 1, 2 m/year; whereas, mean branch spread increased at 0, 33 m/year, Three years after planting, root spread was 2, 75 times branch spread and roots covered an area 5.5 times that covered by the branches. Percentage of total root length located within the dripline of the plants remained fairly constant (71-77%) during the first 3 years following planting. Root length density per unit area increased over time but decreased with distance from the trunk. In the first 2 years after planting shoot weight increased faster than root `weight. However, during the third year after planting, the root system increased in mass and size at a faster rate than the shoots. Root length was correlated with root weight within root-diameter classes, Root spread and root area were correlated with trunk area, branch spread and crown area.

scholarly journals Root Trait Variability in Coffea canephora Genotypes and Its Relation to Plant Height and Crop Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Larícia Olária Emerick Silva ◽  
Raquel Schmidt ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Valani ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Superficial Area

Coffee breeding based on root traits is important to identify productive genotypes under adverse environmental conditions. This study assessed the diversity of root traits in Coffea canephora and its correlation with plant height and crop yield. Undisturbed soil samples were collected down to 60 cm from 43 coffee genotypes, in which one of them was propagated by seed and all others by stem cutting. The roots were washed, scanned, and processed to quantify root length density, root volume, root superficial area, and root diameter. Additionally, plant height and crop yield were also assessed. Root length density ranged from 40 to 1411 mm cm−3, root volume from 6 to 443 mm3 cm−3, root superficial area from 61 to 1880 mm2 cm−3, and root diameter from 0.6 to 1.1 mm. Roots were concentrated in the topsoil (0–20 cm) for most genotypes. In deeper depths (30–60 cm), root length density, root volume, and root superficial area were higher in genotypes 14, 25, 31, and 32. Positive correlations were found between root traits and both plant height and crop yield. The results of this work may contribute to the overall cultivation of C. canephora, specially for crop breeding in adverse environmental conditions.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of radish

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Babi Basnet ◽  
Anil Aryal ◽  
Arjun Neupane ◽  
Bishal K.C. ◽  
Nuwa Hang Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Early Variety

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is necessary to enhance sustainable yield in an eco-friendly way. A field experiment was conducted in the research field of Midwest Academy and Research Institute College of Live Sciences, Tulsipur, Dang from November 2018 to January 2019 to investigate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of radish. Mino Early variety was used in the experiment. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications and 5 treatments. Nitrogen (N) was supplied through different sources. The treatment combinations were: control (T1), 100% recommended N through chemical fertilizer (T2), 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through farmyard manure (FYM) (T3), 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure (T4) and 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% vermicompost (T5). Significant effect was noted on leaf numbers, root length, root diameter and yield per ha but no significant effect was noted on the germination percentage and plant height. The highest germination percentage  (77.00 %), plant height (13.27 cm), root length (16.94 cm), root diameter (3.01 cm), and yield per ha (16.55 t/ha) was recorded at T4 (50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure). T5 (50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% vermicompost) recorded the highest leaf numbers (10.40). In our experiment, T4 (50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure) was found to be superior, so in inner terai places like Tulsipur, Dang it is suggested to apply 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure to obtain a high yield of radish.

scholarly journals Root system architecture in winter varieties of spelt (TriticumspeltaL.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Andrzej Żabiński ◽  
Urszula Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Soil Core

The objective of the study was determination of the variability of morphometry and comparison of the morphological structure of the root system in winter cultivars of spelt. Four spelt cultivars were used in the study: Frankencorn, Oberkulmer Rotkorn, Schwabenkorn and Ostro. The material for the study originated from a field experiment. The roots were collected using the soil core method to the depth of 30 cm, from the rows and inter-rows, then the roots were separated using a semi-automatic hydropneumatic scrubber. The cleaned roots were manually separated and scanned, obtaining their digital images. Image analysis was performed using the Aphelion computer software. In order to characterize the root system of the spelt cultivars included in the study, values of the following indexes were determined: root dry mass (RDM), root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL), mean root diameter (MD). Based on the obtained results it was determined that the RDM, MD and RLD indexes in all spelt cultivars attain the highest values in the row, at the depth 0–5 cm.The highest value of the RDM and MD indexes characterized the root system of the Ostro cultivar at the depth 0–5 cm. The Oberkulmerrotkorn spelt cultivar was distinguished among the tested objects by the highest value of the SRL index.

scholarly journals Guar root and shoot growth as affected by soil compaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doglas Bassegio ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Mansano Sarto ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto Sarto
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance

ABSTRACT Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is commonly grown in arid lands, because of its high drought-tolerance. However, soil compaction may be a limiting factor to its growth. This study aimed to evaluate the guar growth, according to the soil penetration resistance (0.20 MPa, 0.33 MPa, 0.50 MPa, 0.93 MPa and 1.77 MPa, in a layer with depth between 0.15 m and 0.20 m), in a Rhodic Acrudox soil. The shoot and root dry mass, root length by the Q1/2 index (mechanical soil penetration resistance in which the root growth is reduced by 50 %) and root diameter were evaluated. The impairment of the guar shoot growth begins when the penetration resistance is greater than around 1 MPa. The soil compaction alters the distribution of guar roots in the soil profile, concentrating them in the 0.15 m layer, but it does not prevent roots from penetrating this layer and developing in depth. The root diameter increases in the compacted layer. A soil penetration resistance of up to 1.77 MPa does not influence the root length density below the compacted layer, as well as the total root length density of guar. Although the guar Q1/2 index is greater than 1.58, the shoot and root dry mass are impaired.

Shoot and Root Responses to Water Deficits in Rainfed Lowland Rice

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Cruz ◽  
JC O'Toole ◽  
M Dingkuhn ◽  
EB Yambao ◽  
M Thangaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Area Index

A field study was conducted to determine the response of the rice cultivar IR54 to a gradient of soil moisture conditions imposed for 19 days at the vegetative stage using a line source sprinkler system. A mild plant water stress at the vegetative growth stage decreased tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), apparent canopy photosynthetic rates, leaf nitrogen per unit land area, shoot and total root dry mass, and total root length density. After complete stress relief by reflooding, LAI and crop growth remained below that of unstressed plants. The lower cumulative assimilation per unit land area in the stressed treatments resulted in reduced shoot and root dry matter yields and lower grain yields. Water stress increased the ratio of shoot dry mass to root dry mass, and the ratio of leaf area to total root length. The decrease in root length was attributed to increased soil mechanical impedance.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen addition on root traits and soil nitrogen in the long-term restored grasslands

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
Guanghua Jing ◽  
Zhikun Chen ◽  
Qiangqiang Lu ◽  
Liyan He ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
N Addition

Fine root traits are plastic and responsive to increased nitrogen (N) deposition. However, with the restoring of the ecosystem after grain for green, little research has been reported about the response of root traits in a long-term restored ecosystem to increased N deposition. Therefore, a successive N addition experiment was conducted in a long-term restored grassland on the Loess Plateau to analyse the effects of different N addition levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 g N/m<sup>2</sup>/year) on root morphological traits, soil carbon (C) and N. Our results showed that root morphological traits (except for root diameter) firstly increased and then declined, with the maximum in the N level of 5 g/m<sup>2</sup>/year. N addition significantly increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N) with the increasing N addition level, especially in the soil surface layer. Specific root length and specific root area had remarkable negative correlations with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N, while root diameter and root length density had positive correlations with soil availability N and soil microbial biomass carbon. This study indicated that plants could have the threshold response to adapt to the N addition and prefer to slowly grow rather than quickly invest and return in order to adapt to the environmental stress.  

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