scholarly journals Influence of Various Climatic Conditions on the Structural Changes of Semicrystalline PLA Spun-Bonded Mulching Nonwovens during Outdoor Composting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Puchalski ◽  
Piotr Siwek ◽  
Nicolay Panayotov ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Stanisława Kowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Viscosity Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study analyzed the structural changes of semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) in the form of spun-bonded mulching nonwoven, during outdoor composting. The investigation was carried out at the microstructural, supramolecular and molecular levels using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and the viscosity method, respectively. The results showed the varying degree of influence of the climatic condition, prepared compost mixtures and time on the molecular, supramolecular and micromorphological structure of PLA spun-bonded mulching nonwoven and its degradation rate. The obtained experimental results revealed how the popular outdoor composting method, realized under two different European climatic conditions (in Poland and in Bulgary), affects the degradation of PLA nonwoven, designed for agriculture use.

scholarly journals Influence of Various Climatic Conditions on the Structural Changes of Semicrystalline PLA Spun-Bonded Mulching Nonwovens during Outdoor Composting

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Puchalski ◽  
Piotr Siwek ◽  
Nicolay Panayotov ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Stanisława Kowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Viscosity Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study analyzed the structural changes of semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) in the form of spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, during outdoor composting. The investigation was carried out at the microstructural, supramolecular and molecular levels using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and the viscosity method, respectively. The obtained experimental results revealed how the popular outdoor composting method, realized under two different European climatic conditions (in Poland and in Bulgaria), affects the degradation of PLA nonwoven, designed for agriculture use. The results showed the insignificant influence of the climatic conditions and prepared compost mixtures on the molecular and micromorphological structure of PLA spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, with a visible increase in crystallinity after the first year of composting. Significant changes were observed only after the second year of composting, which indicates the resistance of semicrystalline PLA to degradation in outdoor composting conditions.

Investigation of Biocomposites Containing Glycerol-Plasticized Soy Protein and Kaolin

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1712-1717
Author(s):  
Hua Feng Tian ◽  
Guo Zhi Xu ◽  
Biao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

A series of soy protein/kaolin nanocomposites have been successfully prepared via solution mixing and then extrusion. The structure and the properties of the nanocomposite plastics were characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake as well as mechanical testing. WAXD revealed that the nano-sized kaolin filler in soy protein matrix retained the original structure as the pristine kaolin. In view of the results of SEM, kaolin distributed in the protein matrix homogeneously and exhibited fine adhesion with soy protein. The incorporation of kaolin into glycerol-plasticized soy protein led to great improvements of mechanical and water resistant properties. The thermal stability was also enhanced by the incorporation of kaolin as revealed by TGA characterization.

Synthesis of Ultra-Fine Conducting Polyaniline Micro/Nanotubes Using Fiber Template and Their NH3 Gas Sensitivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4515-4521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xue ◽  
Shaoyan Qi ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Shuang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gas Sensitivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conducting Polyaniline ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have recently fabricated ultra-fine conducting polyaniline (PANI) tubes with high gas sensitivity. This route includes two steps. Firstly, aniline polymerizes on the surface of a suitable fiber template prepared by electrospun nitrocellulose (NC). Then, the NC fiber template is dissolved and the ultra-fine PANI tubes are obtained. The structure of the conducting PANI tubes is characterized by IR spectrum and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the PANI shows the shape of ultra-fine tubes with average inner diameter of 250–350 nm. The wall thickness of the ultra-fine PANI tubes increases with increasing the content of oxidant. The conductivity of the doped PANI tubes is about 6 9 × 10−2 S. The results of gas sensitivity of the ultra-fine PANI tubes indicate that the PANI tubes can act as "electronic nose" to detect toxic NH3 gas below 20 ppm.

Annealing induced structural changes and microcracking in Mo-Mo3Si

2002 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-L. Wang ◽  
J. H. Schneibel ◽  
Y. D. Wang ◽  
J. W. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTCast Mo-Mo3Si intermetallic composites develop microcracks after annealing at high temperature. Neutron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, composition analysis, and scanning electron microscopy have been used to characterize the structural changes induced by annealing of Mo-Mo3Si. It is shown that the observed cracking cannot be attributed to differential thermal stresses that developed on cooling from the annealing temperature. Instead, the experimental data suggest that the cracks were initiated at high temperature, possibly due to diffusion of Si atoms from supersaturated α-Mo to Mo3Si.

scholarly journals Effect of hydrothermal treatment on the structure of an aluminosilicate polymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Melar ◽  
Vratislav Bednarik ◽  
Roman Slavik ◽  
Miroslav Pastorek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Polycondensation Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Product ◽  
Amorphous Aluminosilicate ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe effect of hydrothermal treatment on the structure of an aluminosilicate polymer prepared by a polycondensation reaction between silicate and hydroxoaluminate in alkaline aqueous solution was studied. The structural changes were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy imaging and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the amorphous aluminosilicate polymer transformed into a crystalline product during the hydrothermal treatment at 145°C. The crystalline phase was identified as a mineral of the zeolite group, most likely phillipsite. This transformation required an alkaline environment during the hydrothermal treatment.

Higher Photocatalytic Activity of P-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 452-456
Author(s):  
Khairul Arifah Saharudin ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

TiO2 nanotubes arrays were prepared by anodization of Ti in EG containing H3PO4 and NH4F electrolyte. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and photoluminescence spectra (PL). The as-anodized TiO2 nanotubes were annealed in inert (argon), reducing (nitrogen), or oxidizing (oxygen) atmosphere at 400 °C for 4 hr. XRD analysis revealed that the TiO2 nanotubes were anatase after annealing. In this study, the TiO2 nanotubes annealed in argon exhibited the highest degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) solution under ultraviolet irradiation among the samples. The degradation rate was approximately 98% after 5h, which may be ascribed to the large amount of oxygen vacancies and defects (phosphorus) within the Ar - TiO2 sample that simultaneously increased the degradation rate of MO.

scholarly journals Effects of Organomontmorillonite Content on Morphology and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/Polyamide-66 Nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunxiao Yang ◽  
Chunling Xin ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Lilong Jiang ◽  
Yadong He
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phenylene Oxide ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nanocomposites consisting of polymer matrix and nanofiller have attracted great attention because of the improved physical properties. In this paper, organomontmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced into poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) grafted maleic anhydride (PPO-g-MA) compatibilized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/polyamide-66 (PPO/PA66) blends by melt extrusion. The morphology of PPO/PA66 nanocomposites with different amounts of OMMT was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The OMMT platelets exhibited an exfoliated structure in the PA66 matrix and an intercalated structure on the surface of PPO domains at low OMMT loading (2 phr). However, the exfoliated platelets in matrix were found to transform into intercalated stacks by adding 6 phr of OMMT. The mechanical properties and thermal stability were significantly improved with the coexistence of exfoliated and intercalated OMMT at low OMMT loading (2–4 phr). The exfoliated OMMT platelets imposed a confinement effect on the macromolecular chains and thereby increased the storage modulus and complex viscosity of nanocomposites.

Preparation of Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils by Sonochemical Method and its Morphological Characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 864-868
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Zhi Hui Wu ◽  
Ji Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The eucalyptus cellulose micro/nano fibrils were prepared by using high intensity ultrasonication with chemical pretreatment. The basic characteristics of cellulose micro/nano fibrils were evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction instrument (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Synthesis and Activity of Ag-Doped Bi2WO6 Photocatalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Chen ◽  
Chao Hao Hu ◽  
Shuai Wei ◽  
Jin Hong Xia ◽  
Jian Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Photocatalysts ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ag-doped Bi2WO6 photocatalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method using from Bi (NO)3·5H2O, NH4VO3, and AgNO3 and further characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectra techniques. The photocatalytic activity of Ag-doped Bi2WO6 photocatalysts was evaluated by degrading RhB (10 mg/L) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The results showed that in comparison with pure Bi2WO6 the photocatalytic activity of Ag-doped composite photocatalysts was improved significantly, and the degradation rate of RhB was increased about 26% when the Ag+ dopant concentration was 15%.

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