Investigation of Biocomposites Containing Glycerol-Plasticized Soy Protein and Kaolin

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1712-1717
Author(s):  
Hua Feng Tian ◽  
Guo Zhi Xu ◽  
Biao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

A series of soy protein/kaolin nanocomposites have been successfully prepared via solution mixing and then extrusion. The structure and the properties of the nanocomposite plastics were characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake as well as mechanical testing. WAXD revealed that the nano-sized kaolin filler in soy protein matrix retained the original structure as the pristine kaolin. In view of the results of SEM, kaolin distributed in the protein matrix homogeneously and exhibited fine adhesion with soy protein. The incorporation of kaolin into glycerol-plasticized soy protein led to great improvements of mechanical and water resistant properties. The thermal stability was also enhanced by the incorporation of kaolin as revealed by TGA characterization.

Processing of Biodegradable Polymer Composite Using Soy Protein-Based Resin and Nanoclay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Hossain ◽  
Samira N. Shaily ◽  
Hadiya J. Harrigan ◽  
Terrie Mickens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

A completely biodegradable composite was fabricated from an herbal polymer, soy protein concentrate (SPC) resin. Soy protein was modified by adding 30 wt% of glycerol and 5 wt% of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) to enhance its mechanical as well as thermal property. 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20% nanoclay (NC) were infused into the system. To evaluate its mechanical properties, crystallinity, thermal properties, bonding interaction, and morphological evaluation, tensile, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests, and optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation were performed. Tensile tests showed that the addition of nanoclay improved the mechanical properties of the modified resin. Soy protein is hydrophilic due to the presence of amino acids that contain various polar groups such as amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl. As a result, polar nanoclay particles that are exfoliated can be evenly dispersed in the SPC resin. From experimental results, it is clear that adding of nanoclay with SPC resin significantly increased the stiffness of the SPC resin. A combination of 5% clay, 30% glycerol, and 5% PVA with the modified SPC resulted in the maximum stress of 18 MPa and Young modulus of 958 MPa. The modified SPC showed a reduced failure strain as well. X-ray diffraction curves showed an improvement of crystallinity of the prepared resin with increasing amount of nanoclay. Interaction among soy, glycerol, PVA, and nanoclay was clearly demonstrated from the FTIR analysis. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed rougher surface in the nanoclay infused SPC samples compared to that of the neat one. SEM evaluation revealed rougher fracture surface in the NC infused samples.

scholarly journals Influence of Strong Acid Hydrolysis Processing on the Thermal Stability and Crystallinity of Cellulose Isolated from Wheat Straw

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemar J. Huntley ◽  
Kristy D. Crews ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdalla ◽  
Albert E. Russell ◽  
Michael L. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cellulose extractions from wheat straw via hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods were carried out. X-ray diffraction spectral analyses reveal that depending on the acid conditions used the structure of the cellulose exhibited a mixture of polymorphs (i.e., CI and CIII cellulose phases). In addition, the percent crystallinity, diameter, and length of the cellulose fibers varied tremendously as determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis measurements revealed that the thermal stability of the extracted cellulose varied as a function of the acid strength and conditions used. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the aggregation of cellulose fibers during the drying process is strongly dependent upon the drying process and strength of the acids used.

Synthesis of Ultra-Fine Conducting Polyaniline Micro/Nanotubes Using Fiber Template and Their NH3 Gas Sensitivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4515-4521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xue ◽  
Shaoyan Qi ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Shuang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gas Sensitivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conducting Polyaniline ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have recently fabricated ultra-fine conducting polyaniline (PANI) tubes with high gas sensitivity. This route includes two steps. Firstly, aniline polymerizes on the surface of a suitable fiber template prepared by electrospun nitrocellulose (NC). Then, the NC fiber template is dissolved and the ultra-fine PANI tubes are obtained. The structure of the conducting PANI tubes is characterized by IR spectrum and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the PANI shows the shape of ultra-fine tubes with average inner diameter of 250–350 nm. The wall thickness of the ultra-fine PANI tubes increases with increasing the content of oxidant. The conductivity of the doped PANI tubes is about 6 9 × 10−2 S. The results of gas sensitivity of the ultra-fine PANI tubes indicate that the PANI tubes can act as "electronic nose" to detect toxic NH3 gas below 20 ppm.

Formation and Stability of NI(PT) Silicide on (100)SI and (111)SI

1999 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mangelinck ◽  
J. Y. Dai ◽  
S. K. Lahiri ◽  
C. S. Ho ◽  
T. Osipowicz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
Kinetics And Thermodynamics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe effect of a small amount of Pt (5 at.%) on the thermal stability of NiSi film on (100)Si and (111 )Si has been investigated. Rutherford back scattering, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-ray diffraction have been used to study the formation, microstructure and orientation of the silicide. The addition of platinum results in increasing the disilicide nucleation temperature to 900°C and thus leads to a better stability of NiSi at high IC processing temperatures. The presence of Pt also induced a texture of the NiSi film both on (11 1)Si and (100)Si. The increase in thermal stability is explained in terms of nucleation controlled reaction concept and should open new possibilities for the use of NiSi in self aligned silicidation. The redistribution of Pt in the silicide is examined and explained in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics considerations. The addition of Pt also increases the temperature of agglomeration of NiSi.

Preparation of Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils by Sonochemical Method and its Morphological Characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 864-868
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Zhi Hui Wu ◽  
Ji Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The eucalyptus cellulose micro/nano fibrils were prepared by using high intensity ultrasonication with chemical pretreatment. The basic characteristics of cellulose micro/nano fibrils were evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction instrument (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

PENINGKATAN LAJU DISOLUSI ACYCLOVIR DENGAN METODE SISTEM DISPERSI PADAT MENGGUNAKAN POLOXAMER 188

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Erizal Zaini ◽  
Salman Umar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sebuah penelitian tentang sistem dispersi padat dari asiklovir dengan poloxamer 188 telah dilakukan formulasi dengan pencampuran secara fisika dengan rasio 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan dispersi padat 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan penggilingan 1:1 sebagai pembanding. Dispersi padat dibuat menggunakan metode pencairan (fusi), yang digabung dengan poloxamer 188 pada hotplate kemudian asiklovir dimasukkan ke dalam hasil poloxamer 188 lalu di kocok hingga membentuk masa homogen. Semua formula yang terbentuk termasuk asiklovir poloxamer 188 murni dianalisis karakterisasinya dengan Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), kemudian pengambilan dilakukan  (penentuan kadar) mengunakan spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 257,08 nm dan uji laju disolusi dengan aquadest bebas CO2 menggunakan metode dayung. Hasil pengambilan  (penentuan kadar) menunjukkan bahwa semua formula memenuhi persyaratan farmakope Amerika edisi 30 dan farmakope Indonesia edisi 4 yaitu 95-110%. Sedangkan hasil uji laju disolusi untuk campuran fisik 1: 1, dan dispersi padat 1: 1, dan penggilingan 1: 1 menunjukkan peningkatan yang nyata dibandingkan asiklovir murni. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan statistik  menggunakan analisis varian satu arah  SPSS 17.

Structural Characterization of Gallbladder Stones Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Almarshad ◽  
Sayed M. Badawy ◽  
Abdalkarem F. Alsharari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim and Objective: Formation of the gallbladder stones is a common disease and a major health problem. The present study aimed to identify the structures of the most common types of gallbladder stones using X-ray spectroscopic techniques, which provide information about the process of stone formation. Material and Method: Phase and elemental compositions of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones removed from gallbladders of patients were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results: The crystal structures of gallstones which coincide with standard patterns were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Plate-like cholesterol crystals with laminar shaped and thin layered structures were clearly observed for gallstone of pure cholesterol by scanning electron microscopy; it also revealed different morphologies from mixed cholesterol stones. Elemental analysis of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the different formation processes of the different types of gallstones. Conclusion: The method of fast and reliable X-ray spectroscopic techniques has numerous advantages over the traditional chemical analysis and other analytical techniques. The results also revealed that the X-ray spectroscopy technique is a promising technique that can aid in understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

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