scholarly journals Walkable Urban Environments: An Ergonomic Approach of Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Appolloni ◽  
Alberto Giretti ◽  
Daniela D'Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Average Value ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Space Method

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) stresses the need to create active environments, able to promote physical activity of people, according to their ability. Objective; This paper describes a new tool curried out to meaasure the relationship between the characteristics of urban space and its salutogenicity, intended as its ability to address population toward healthy lifestyles. Salutogenity has been read in terms of ergonomics of urban space. Method: The tool includes a set of 67 parameters, classified in needs, requirements and performance. It focuses on three requirements: usability, wellbeing and safety. The related performances are measured by a set of 29 indicators, divided in 5 categories (natural elements, built environment, mobility, urban furniture and perceived environment). To calibrate the tool, it was applied to 10 neighborhoods of Rieti city. To take into account the relationship between the variables, a causal network (Bayesian network) was applied. Findings: The average value of ergonomics of Rieti city, obtained applying the discrete bayesian model is 44.25%. Using the network, it is evident that by intervening on one node, the information requested expands to all the other nodes to which it is connected directly or indirectly, showing all the possible related factors. Conclusions: By using the tool and the discrete bayesian network it was possible to focus on the realities requiring analysis and to indicate the areas where the first interventions would be useful to increase the value of the analyzed nodes and, consequently, to improve the urban salutogenicity.

scholarly journals Noise and Air Pollution Related to Health in Urban Environments

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Pedro Atanasio-Moraga ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental noise is a pollutant considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a threat to public health due to its harmful effects on human health. In this regard, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) indicates that road traffic is the sound source that generates the greatest number of people exposed in Europe to sound levels above what is recommended by the European Noise Directive. In a similar way, the EEA also reports that air pollution is the most important environmental health risk in Europe, where road traffic is one of the main sources of emission of polluting gases. The relationship between both pollutants, leads to think about the development of common strategies. This paper presents a review on recent researches about the relationship of these two types of pollution in urban environments with different types of diseases.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Concerns & Teleworking in the COVID-19 Era: A Socio-Cybersecurity Analysis of Organizational Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Claude Turner ◽  
Carlene Buchanan Turner ◽  
Yuying Shen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Video Conferencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

This research project examines the relationship between teleworking cybersecurity protocols during the COVID-19 era and employee’s perception of their efficiency and performance predictability.  COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus and it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Since March 2020, many employees in the United States who used operate onsite, have been working from their homes (teleworking) to mitigate the spread of the virus through social distancing. The premise of this research project is that teleworking can transform these employees into unintentional insider threats or UITs. Iinterviews were conducted through video conferencing with nine employees in Virginia, USA to examine the problem. This is an interdisciplinary research project which brings together the disciplines of sociology and computer science. Narrative Analysis was used to unpack the interviews. The major findings from the research efforts demonstrate that employees are trusting of the cybersecurity protocols that their organizations implemented but they also believe they are vulnerable, and that the protocols are not as reliable as in-person working arrangements. While the respondents perceived that the cybersecurity protocols lend to performance predictability, they seem to think it disrupts their efficiency.

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

Characterizing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation measures: A data-centric approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Olagoke ◽  
Ahmet E. Topcu
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19 represents a serious threat to both national health and economic systems. To curb this pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a series of COVID-19 public safety guidelines. Different countries around the world initiated different measures in line with the WHO guidelines to mitigate and investigate the spread of COVID-19 in their territories. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these control measures using a data-centric approach. METHODS We begin with a simple text analysis of coronavirus-related articles and show that reports on similar outbreaks in the past strongly proposed similar control measures. This reaffirms the fact that these control measures are in order. Subsequently, we propose a simple performance statistic that quantifies general performance and performance under the different measures that were initiated. A density based clustering of based on performance statistic was carried out to group countries based on performance. RESULTS The performance statistic helps evaluate quantitatively the impact of COVID-19 control measures. Countries tend show variability in performance under different control measures. The performance statistic has negative correlation with cases of death which is a useful characteristics for COVID-19 control measure performance analysis. A web-based time-line visualization that enables comparison of performances and cases across continents and subregions is presented. CONCLUSIONS The performance metric is relevant for the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 control measures. This can help caregivers and policymakers identify effective control measures and reduce cases of death due to COVID-19. The interactive web visualizer provides easily digested and quick feedback to augment decision-making processes in the COVID-19 response measures evaluation. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

scholarly journals How Experts React: The World Health Organization’s Appraisal of COVID-19 via Communication Patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 0261927X2110263
Author(s):  
David M. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Working Through ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Experts

How do COVID-19 experts psychologically manage the pandemic and its effects? Using a full year of press briefings (January 2020–January 2021) from the World Health Organization ( N = 126), this paper evaluated the relationship between communication patterns and COVID-19 cases and deaths. The data suggest as COVID-19 cases and deaths increased, health experts tended to think about the virus in a more formal and analytic manner. Experts also communicated with fewer cognitive processing terms, which typically indicate people “working through” a crisis. This report offers a lens into the internal states of COVID-19 experts and their organization as they gradually learned about the virus and its daily impact.

The Association Between Racism and Suicidality Among Young Minority Groups: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 104365962110469
Author(s):  
Giorgia Rudes ◽  
Claudia Fantuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The World Health Organization states that suicide is the second leading cause of death among youngs, and racism has been proven to have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. These two plagues represent a public health priority, especially for susceptible minorities. Method: This systematic review analyzed 23 studies from multiple database searches, to understand the relationship between racism and suicidality in young minority groups. Results: The review demonstrated the correlation between racism and suicidality with the consequent development of mental disorders. There is strong evidence that the main suicide risk factor is acculturation, interpreted as the assimilation of the dominant culture with the loss of values from one’s cultural background. Discussion: Health care professionals should not underestimate the risk of suicidality associated with racism. Prevention is crucial and it should be implemented from a young age, in schools, through a joint intervention with children and their families, aiming toward integration without acculturation.

The Vulnerability of the Construction Ergonomics to Covid-19 and Its Probability Impact in Combating the Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-17
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fahim Elgendi ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Chronic Health Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Currently, the world encounters the outbreak of an unprecedented epidemic named novel coronavirus COVID -19. World Health Organization (WHO) advises maintaining social distancing, preserving personal hygiene, and staying informed with the latest guidelines. WHO also reports the patients with robust immunity can combat the virus. However, the workers in the construction industry work and live in a crowded and non-hygiene environment. Moreover, they are characterized by illiteracy, a dearth of awareness, and chronic health problems that prove weak immunity. Therefore, this study aims to find the relationship between the virus and the prevailing conditions and the environment of the construction industry, under focus, and study so that the construction industry is not a vulnerability gap that may exacerbate the crisis. An extensive literature exploration for the latest research deals with coronavirus, the construction industry ergonomics, and its relevant diseases. This study makes robust alerts to motivate the governments, organizations, and individuals to collaborate to find solutions to close the gap between the current situation in the construction of ergonomics and the required precaution to avoid the outbreak of the virus. This study makes a crucial and novel contribution by paving the way for providing solutions to save humanity worldwide. The management system should review the conventional risk assessment procedures, and developed criteria must be introduced and become an everyday practice of all construction projects. This will help identify the gaps within the safety procedures associated with the COVID – 19 protection aspects. This article also introduces a framework in this regard.

Fatmisia and Clinical Counseling Decision-Making in Master’s-Level Counselor Trainees

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-353
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Forristal ◽  
John M. Laux ◽  
Madeline Clark ◽  
Jennifer L. Reynolds ◽  
Taylor M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Counselor Trainees ◽  
World Health ◽  
Master's Level ◽  
Clinical Counseling ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Weight Bias Internalization ◽  
Fat Phobia ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have documented an increase in fat people in recent decades, which is being met with a backlash of anti-fat biases, or fatmisia. Fatmisia is prevalent in most aspects of society, especially among fat people who have internalized fatmisia. Utilizing a diagnostic questionnaire in combination with the Fat Phobia Scale–Short Form and the Weight Bias Internalization Scale, this study explored the relationship between client body size, the presence of a major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis, and if applicable, the severity of MDD symptoms assigned by counselor trainees (N = 113). Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and covariance. This sample (N = 113) significantly differed in diagnoses assigned to obese clients by assigning more severe MDD. Study limitations and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Analysing Tuberculosis Trends in South Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5245
Author(s):  
Kumar Abhishek ◽  
M. P Singh ◽  
Md. Sadik Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the top ten causes of death in the world. As per the World Health Organization (WHO) around 1.8 million people have died due to tuberculosis in 2015. This paper aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations in TB incident in South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri-Lanka). Asia had been counted for the largest number of new TB cases in 2015. The paper underlines and relates the relationship between various features like gender, age, location, occurrence, and mortality due to TB in these countries for the period 1993-2012.</p>

scholarly journals Literature Review The Relationship Of Antenatal Class Towards Mothers’ Knowledge Of DangerousSign During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Kurniati ◽  
Enny Fitriahadi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Complication Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

IN 2013, the World Health Organization, released data in the form of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) worldwide, and the number reached 289,000 per 100, 000 live births, which 99% of cases occurred in developing countries. Research aims to discover the relationship of antenatal class towards mothers’ knowledge of the dangerous sign during pregnancy. The result showed that there is a relationship of antenatal class towards mothers’ knowledge of dangerous sign during pregnancy, From this result, the researcher concludes that antenatal class could increase mothers’ knowledge of dangerous sign during pregnancy and may decrease the complication risk during the childbirth.

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