Identification, Epidemiology, and Seasonal Variation of Neisseria meningitides in Al-Nasiriya city. South of Iraq.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukaina Rahman Neamah ◽  
Younus Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides ◽  
Study Population ◽  
South Of Iraq

In order to investigate the incidence of Neisseria meningitides meningitis in AL Nasiriya city, and to evaluate the effects of sociodemographic factors on infection, the current study involved (219) patients suffering from meningitis who attended in AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital in for two consecutive years (beginning of 2015 to the end of 2016). CSF samples are collected from the study population by the technician then transported immediately to the laboratory for the detection of the bacterial pathogens. The results showed that there are 57 (26.02%) patients infected with Neisseria meningitides. Of them 29 (50.87%) cases occurred during 2015 and (28) cases (49.13%) occurred during 2016. Our results also found that Neisseria meningitides meningitis infection was significantly higher in men than in females (P-value =0.046), and in patients from the age group (44-66 years old). Seasonal variation was also seen in the occurrence of meningococcal meningitis infections during the study period. The present study concluded that meningococcal meningitis infections were influenced by sociodemographic factors, the infections appear to be dominant in the long warm seasons of Iraqi weather.

scholarly journals Serological Characterisation of Auto-antibodies in Patients with Direct Antiglobulin Test Positive Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tirupati, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinthapeta Keerthi ◽  
Rajendran Arun ◽  
Bandi Suresh Babu ◽  
Kinnera Vijaya Sreedhar Babu ◽  
Alladi Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemolytic Anaemia ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Direct Antiglobulin Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: Haemolysis in Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA) is a result of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) or Immunoglobulin M (IgM) auto-antibodies with or without complement components binding to the Red Blood Cell (RBC) surface and initiating its destruction. Serologic evidence is provided by autocontrol or Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT). Diagnostic work-up is essential as the management depends on the antibody type. Characteristics of the bound antibody and the target antigen determine the degree of haemolysis. Serological characterisation in AIHA helps to differentiate into its various types which help the clinician to decide on the treatment to be given. Aim: To serologically characterise the auto-antibodies in patients with DAT positive AIHA at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, from March 2019 to February 2020. A 40 consecutive patient samples were included in the study. Characterisation of antibody was done using polyspecific Anti-Human Globulin (AHG) reagent followed by mono-specific AHG reagent by gel method. If antibody was of IgG type, then the subclass was determined by a mono specific anti-IgG1 and anti-IgG3 gel card. Association between antibody types, subtype, and strength of DAT with severity of haemolysis were compared using Chi-square/Fisher’s-exact test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The total study population was 40 patients. The mean age of the study population was 45 years (range 13-78). Out of 40 patients, males were 30 (75%) and females were 10 (25%). The primary and secondary causes for AIHA include 4 (10%) and 36 (90%) respectively. Among 40 patients, 22 (55%) patients had IgG antibody alone, 17 (42.5%) patients had IgG antibody with combination of other antibodies and 1 (2.5%) had only complement (C3d). IgG1 was identified in 7 (18%) of patients, combination of IgG1 and IgG3 in 3 (7.7%). There was a significant association with IgG+combination (p-value=0.03), IgG1+IgG3 (p-value=0.029) and strength of reaction (p-value=0.003) with respect to severity of haemolysis. Conclusion: Presence of multiple antibodies, presence of IgG1 and IgG3 and with complement combination and presence of higher grading of reaction in gel column were associated with severity of haemolysis. We recommend that serological characterisation of auto-antibody in AIHA would help the clinician in assessing the severity of haemolysis so that management can be done appropriately.

scholarly journals A comparative study between vacuum assisted wound closure vs conventional dressing in non-healing ulcers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2214-2223
Author(s):  
Ajay Rex R ◽  
Balaji D ◽  
Lakshmana R ◽  
Gopi Ramu ◽  
Reka
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Baseline Characteristic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Population

In a surgical ward, acute and continual wounds have an effect on a minimal of 1% of the population. Vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC) is a technique of Negative pressure in the wound to improve the healing process. To study the advantage of a vacuum assisted closure over conventional dressing in the management of chronic non-healing diabetic ulcers. To study the difference in the rate of amputation, hospital stays in case and control groups. Group1-case group – vacuum associated closure therapy. Group 2-Control group -conventional dressings. Most of the patients in the study population was in the age group of 41 -60 years. 82% of the study population was within the age group of 41-60 years. The two groups are comparable with their baseline characteristic of age, and the P-value is less than 0.05. Wounds were more common in males than females. Out of the 44 patients, 26 were male, i.e. 57% of the study population were males. About 68% of wounds occurred in the foot. About 50% of the culture showed staphylococcus. Nearly 27% of study participants had no growth. The hospital stay is less in VAC dressing when compared to the conventional dressings, who have an average hospital stay of 28 days and the relation is statistically significant (p-value<0.05). Mean hospital stay in Vacuum is 21 compared to stay of 28 in conventional dressings group. Patients in Vacuum had 12 SSG,9 discharge and 1 amputation. There is no statistically significant association in terms of grade of ulcer between the two groups(P =0.23). There is a statistically significant association between VAC and conventional in terms of the results of the Doppler study. (P<0.01). From the study results, it is obvious that VAC dressing has many advantages in terms of Low no of amputation, Earlier discharge, Minimal infection, Lesser complications, Healing in a better way.

Dental Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing Various Dental Treatments in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Udoye ◽  
Adeleke O. Oginni ◽  
Fadekemi O. Oginni
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of the present study is to evaluate the levels of dental anxiety among patients undergoing various dental treatments and to compare the anxiety levels with those of similar studies conducted with subjects from different socio-cultural backgrounds. Dental anxiety was evaluated by the administration of a questionnaire based on the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). Student t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferoni correction was employed to compare the mean DAS scores. Females recorded higher total DAS scores than males (7.49 ± 2.96 and 7.16 ± 3.44, respectively). Patients in the 24-34 year age group showed the highest total DAS scores (8.25 ± 3.20) followed by the <24 year age group. The total DAS scores for age groups 35-39 and >50 years differ significantly from those of age groups <24 and 24-34 years. The highest DAS score was recorded for root canal therapy (9.30 ± 2.84) followed by extraction. The level of dental anxiety among this study population is lower than those reported elsewhere. The observed avoidance of dental treatment among Nigerians, despite the seemingly low mean DAS scores, may be related to dental anxiety. The authors are, however, of the opinion poor dental awareness may be a contributory factor. Citation Udoye CI, Oginni AO, Oginni FO. Dental Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing Various Dental Treatments in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:091-098.

scholarly journals Study on Urinary Tract Infection Among Females of Reproductive Age Group in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Sadia Saber ◽  
Naz Yasmin ◽  
Mohammed Tarek Alam ◽  
Mohammad Monower Hossain ◽  
Rafa Faaria Alam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Among all the bacterial infections encounter in primary care, urinary tract infection (UTI) has considered as one of the most frequent bacterial infection. UTI can be defined as the presence of an infection in any part of our urinary system-kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Majority of the infections involve the lower urinary tract – the urinary bladder and the urethra. Women of reproductive age group (15-44 years) are the most vulnerable of developing UTI than men. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of UTI among females of reproductive age group and to ascertain the association between socio demographic factors among study population. Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study executed in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. 250 women of reproductive age group were encountered as the study group here. Data collection was done by using a structured interview schedule followed by collection of urine sample for microscopic examination and culture. Analysis of data was done by using SPSS 15 software. Prevalence of UTI among study population was calculated by using percentage and the strength of association between socio demographic factors were evaluated in our study. Results: Prevalence of UTI among study population was found to be 41.20%. A strong association of statistical significance was observed among marital status (p values <0.05), the level of education of the study population (p value <0.05) and the urine culture reports among UTI patients (p value 0.001) Conclusion: Now a days UTI can be considered as one the most serious public health problem if it is remaining untreated. To prevent the possibilities of evolving further complexity of UTI early detection and prompt treatment is very much crucial. We should promote more educational programming about UTI prevention not only to reduce the sufferings of the patients and their hospital stay but also to compensate for the economical loss.

Limited Awareness of Hepatitis B Adult Vaccination among Patients in a South Indian Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ravindra P Choudhary ◽  
Mintu Mathew ◽  
Roshni Jose ◽  
Shamna K ◽  
Silpa C Antony
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Adult Vaccination

Awareness about the Hepatitis B is less addressed in the Indian settings even though hepatitis seems to be a serious public health problem. Objective to assess the Hepatitis B adult vaccination status among the patients of a medical college teaching hospital and to check the proportion of patientsaffected with Hepatitis B. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out over a period of six months at inpatients general medicine department. Patients of adult age group (18 -59years) of both genders were included.Patient interview was done using Twelve structured questions for assessing the awareness about hepatitis B and vaccination status. Out of 82 patients interviewed demographic details shows equal number males and females [50%] with an average age group of40yrs. The proportion of hepatitis B was found to be 3.68% with male predominance. Majority of patients were found to be not vaccinated (n=70, 85.36%) and even awareness about hepatitis B infection as also very minimal among them. Poor educational status (p-value=0.0425) shows statistically significant association withlower vaccination status scores. Implementation of proper public awareness program and foster proper screening campaigns can resolve the current scenario of deprived vaccination status in India toa greater extent.

scholarly journals Radiographic evaluation of permanent second molar development based on nollas stage of tooth development in 9-11-year-old male children

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Nithya karpagam G ◽  
Bhagya Lakshmi T ◽  
Dinesh Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Development ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Maximum Development

The aim of this study is to radiographically evaluate the second molar development based on the NOLLAS stage of tooth development in 9-11-year-old male children. For this, a total of 400 orthopantomography (OPG) images were collected from the database record of Saveetha dental college. Of these 40 OPGs were selected based on the age group between 9 to 11 years old male children. The dental age of the 2nd molar was calculated based on the NOLLAS loss stage of tooth development. After data collection, statistical analysis was done in the SPSS software. Among the study population, 33.90% were nine years old, 33.90% was ten years old, and 32.20% were 11 years old. Considering the distribution of teeth assessed majority were lower left second molar - 37 (32.20%) and least were upper left second molar-27(16.95%). Majority of the teeth attained maximum development at stage 9 (pink)-25.42%, least maturation assessed at stage 7-6.78%. The association between nollas stage and age was statistically significant (P-value of 0.000, p < 0.05). The association between nollas stage and tooth number was statistically not significant (P value of 0.106, p > 0.05). Majority of the children in the age group of 9 years had 'crown almost completed' in second molar (Stage 5), majority of 10-year-old children had 'two-third root completed' in second molar (Stage 8) and majority of 11-year-old children had ' root completed with open apex' in second molar (Stage 9).

scholarly journals Retrospective Study on Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Co-infection among Patients Attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada and Gwarimpa General Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
B. Balarabe-Musa ◽  
H. R. Muhammad ◽  
H. Momo ◽  
L. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Study Population

The study was carried out to determine rate of co-infection between tuberculosis infection and HIV infection in the study population. Record books on tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) tests for 15years from year 2002 to 2017 were obtained; data includes the sex and age of the patients at two General Hospitals in Abuja Nigeria to investigate co-infection of the two lethal diseases. A total of 1,412 cases were obtained from University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH) and 392 cases from Gwarimpa General Hospitals. At UATH 536 were positive for both TB and HIV showing a co-infection rate of 37.9%. Among them 275(42.64%) were males and 261(34.03%) were females. Majority 253(48.75) belong to the age group 0f 31-45 years. While at GGH 115 were positive for both TB and HIV, thus showing a co-infection rate of 29.34%, among them 52(32.10) were males and 63(27.40) were females, majority 55(37.93) also belong to the age group of 31-45 years. The high rate of co-infection between Tuberculosis and HIV infections recorded in this study calls for urgent actions to check the lethal combination, especially through the implementation of the WHO’s policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities to reduce the burden of TB among HIV infected individuals.

scholarly journals Clinical Study of Patients With Prostatitis in Basrah and Missan Governments: A Case –Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ihsan E AlSaimary ◽  
◽  
Hussein N AlDhaheri ◽  
Murtadha M ALMusafer ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Control Study

The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. From total number of (135) patients with prostatitis were taken from two provinces (Basrah and Missan) from the Basrah teaching hospital and Missan teaching hospital that included in the present study , In the clinical study found that patients presented with irritative symptoms with P-value <0.0001. The study also found that patients presented with Obstructive symptoms with P-value <0.0001. The study also found patients presented with Other symptoms with P-value <0.0001. And present study found that patients with Suprapubic Tenderness with P-value <0.0001. And in clinical symptoms show that the age group 40-49 years with P-value <0.0001. Age group 50-59 years found with P-value <0.0001. The third age group 60-69 years and the final age group >70 years with P-value <0.0001.

Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Living in Rural Border Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Ravinder K Gupta ◽  
Vallabh Dogra ◽  
Himani Badyal
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Border Areas

Objective: To study the various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls living in rural border areas. Design- Prospective study. Setting- Pediatric outpatient clinic. Materials and methods- About 200 adolescent girls (11-19 years) living in rural border areas were enrolled for the study. These girls were asked about menarche, duration of the cycle, amount of blood loss and the various menstrual problems. They were also asked about the various beliefs and myths regarding menstruation. The girls having any illness affecting the menstrual cycle or those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders were excluded from this study. Results- About 51% of the study population was in the age group 17-18 years. About 43.5% of girls attained menarche at the age of 10-12 years. About 51% of girls did not know about menstruation before menarche. Abdominal pain was the most common side effect seen in 41% of girls during menstruation. About 61% of girls considered themselves unclean during menstruation.  Twenty percent avoided schools, 20% avoided kitchen, 12% avoided temples while 10% stayed away from friends/ relatives. Only 33% of girls knew that menstruation stops temporarily after becoming pregnant. Twenty-two percent girls were using sanitary napkins while the rest used different types of clothes during the menstrual cycle. Conclusion- There is a dire need to educate girls regarding menstruation before menarche in the rural border areas. Every mother should discuss in a friendly way regarding various aspects of menstruation.

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of CalvatiaCraniiformis and IverMectin as Novel Alternative Therapies for Aspergillus Niger Associated Acute Otitis Media with Special Refer to SocioDemographic Factors Among Rural Children of Diyala Province-Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan H. Jameel ◽  
Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Family Economy

Objectives are to determine antifungal activity of Ivermectin and Calvatiacraniiformis as a novel alternative therapy for aspergillus niger associated acute otitis media (AOM) among rural children of Diyala province; correlation of sociodemographic factors with frequency of infection. Ear swabs taken from 58 infected children and cultured onSabouraud dextrose agar for 7-14 days .Macroscopic and microscopic criteria used for diagnosis of A.niger .High isolation rate for A.niger (27.59%) among children of (4-6) years with significant difference between age groups ( p value 0.039); genders ( p value 0.004);house status(p value=0.018);family size (p value =0.00006334) and month of infection (p value=0.000). A.niger infection negatively correlated with patients age (p value =0.039), family economy and house status (p value =0.000),family size (p value =0.000). Alcohol extract of C.craniiformis (100mg, 200mg, 400mg, 500mg, 600mg, 800mg and 1000 mg) and ivermectin (0.5%,1 % and 2%) restricted the growth of A. niger after 3 days .Significance difference reported between all concentrations except 100 mg and 200 mg ; 600 mg and 800 mg. Significance difference in inhibitory activity between concentration 1% and 2%,0.5% and 2% of Ivermectin respectively. Conclusions: A.niger infections positively correlated with family size and inversely with age and family economy. The growth of A nigersignificantly restricted by alcohol extract of C.craniiformis and Ivermectin in concentration dependent manner. The powerful concentration was 1000mg, for C.craniiformis and 2% for Ivermectin. Thus, C.craniiformis and Ivermectin consider a novel antifungal agents that can be used in clinical practice for treatment of A.niger associated otitis media that represents a clinical problem in children and need serious attention from clinicians.

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