scholarly journals Evaluation of Seasonal and Drought Conditions Effect on Satellite-based Precipitation Data Accuracy over Different Climatic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Qureshi ◽  
Javad Koohpayma ◽  
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei ◽  
Ata Abdollahi Kakroodi
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Data Accuracy ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract: The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and then Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) are the most important and widely used data sources in the forecasting of drought, flood, and water resources management. However, since this sensor’s data is primarily used for tropical regions, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy for optimal use of the data across varying climatic and physiographic conditions. In this study, the accuracy of the satellite data for a span of 17 years (2000-2017) for three climatic zones has been explored using synoptic ground station data. The climates include a) arid and low rainfall, b) semi-arid and low rainfall, and c) humid and high rainfall. We evaluated satellite data accuracy in drought and wet conditions based on the Standard Precipitation Index (S.P.I.) and different seasons. For available ground control stations, 13 stations were used in the humid, seven stations in a semi-arid climate, and 12 stations in the dry climate. The results show that the monthly precipitation product of GPM (IMERG product) and TRMM (TMPA/3B43 product) overestimate the rainfall. In the arid climate, the precipitation is estimated 43%, in the semi-arid environment 50%, and in the humid weather 11% more than the ground-based data on average. Therefore, to use satellite data in different climates, it is necessary to make corrections to obtain precise results. Based on 32 ground stations, the correction coefficient has a positive relationship with average precipitation and altitude and an inverse relationship with the latitude. Further in-depth investigations showed that the accuracy of satellite data in wet conditions is higher than the accuracy of normal circumstances, and the accuracy of normal conditions is more accurate than drought conditions. Besides, the accuracy of satellite data in wet or dry conditions increases with increasing time scales. The highest accuracy was obtained for a 12-month time scale and the lowest accuracy for the 3-month time scale of drought conditions in the arid climate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seasonal, Drought, and Wet Condition Effects on Performance of Satellite-Based Precipitation Data over Different Climatic Conditions in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Salman Qureshi ◽  
Javad Koohpayma ◽  
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei ◽  
Ata Abdollahi Kakroodi
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Semi Arid

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) are the most important and widely used data sources in several applications—e.g., forecasting drought and flood, and managing water resources—especially in the areas with sparse or no other robust sources. This study explored the accuracy and precision of satellite data products over a span of 18 years (2000–2017) using synoptic ground station data for three regions in Iran with different climates, namely (a) humid and high rainfall, (b) semi-arid, and (c) arid. The results show that the monthly precipitation products of GPM and TRMM overestimate the rainfall. On average, they overestimated the precipitation amount by 11% in humid, by 50% in semi-arid, and by 43% in arid climate conditions compared to the ground-based data. This study also evaluated the satellite data accuracy in drought and wet conditions based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and different seasons. The results showed that the accuracy of satellite data varies significantly under drought, wet, and normal conditions and different timescales, being lowest under drought conditions, especially in arid regions. The highest accuracy was obtained on the 12-month timescale and the lowest on the 3-month timescale. Although the accuracy of the data is dependent on the season, the seasonal effects depend on climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Hydrological differentiation and spatial distribution of high altitude wetlands in a semi-arid Andean region derived from satellite data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1287-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Otto ◽  
D. Scherer ◽  
J. Richters
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Austral Winter ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. High Altitude Wetlands of the Andes (HAWA) are unique types of wetlands within the semi-arid high Andean region. Knowledge about HAWA has been derived mainly from studies at single sites within different parts of the Andes at only small time scales. On the one hand HAWA depend on water provided by glacier streams, snow melt or precipitation. On the other hand, they are suspected to influence hydrology through water retention and vegetation growth altering stream flow velocity. We derived HAWA land cover from satellite data at regional scale and analysed changes in connection with precipitation over the last decade. Perennial and temporal HAWA subtypes can be distinguished by seasonal changes of photosynthetically active vegetation (PAV) indicating the perennial or temporal availability of water during the year. HAWA have been delineated within a region of 11 000 km2 situated in the Northwest of Lake Titicaca. The multi temporal classification method used Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Differenced Infrared Index (NDII) data derived from two Landsat ETM+ scenes at the end of austral winter (September 2000) and at the end of austral summer (May 2001). The mapping result indicates an unexpected high abundance of HAWA covering about 800 km2 of the study region (6%). Annual HAWA mapping was computed using NDVI 16-day composites of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Analyses on the reletation between HAWA and precipitation was based on monthly precipitation data of the Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM 3B43) and MODIS Eight Day Maximum Snow Extent data (MOD10A2) from 2000 to 2010. We found HAWA subtype specific dependencies to precipitation conditions. Strong relation exists between perennial HAWA and snow fall (r2: 0.82) in dry austral winter months (June to August) and between temporal HAWA and precipitation (r2: 0.75) during austral summer (March to May). Annual spatial patterns of perennial HAWA indicated spatial alteration of water supply for PAV up to several hundred metres at a single HAWA site.

Leachate generation from landfill in a semi-arid climate: A qualitative and quantitative study from Sousse, Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 940-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Frikha ◽  
Johann Fellner ◽  
Moncef Zairi
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
High Load ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study ◽  
Help Model ◽  
Semi Arid

Despite initiatives for enhanced recycling and waste utilization, landfill still represents the dominant disposal path for municipal solid waste (MSW). The environmental impacts of landfills depend on several factors, including waste composition, technical barriers, landfill operation and climatic conditions. A profound evaluation of all factors and their impact is necessary in order to evaluate the environmental hazards emanating from landfills. The present paper investigates a sanitary landfill located in a semi-arid climate (Tunisia) and highlights major differences in quantitative and qualitative leachate characteristics compared to landfills situated in moderate climates. Besides the qualitative analysis of leachate samples, a quantitative analysis including the simulation of leachate generation (using the HELP model) has been conducted. The results of the analysis indicate a high load of salts (Cl, Na, inorganic nitrogen) in the leachate compared to other landfills. Furthermore the simulations with HELP model highlight that a major part of the leachate generated originates form the water content of waste.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior Assessment of Natural Stone Buildings in the Semi-Arid Climate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Racha Djedouani ◽  
Lazhar Gherzouli ◽  
Hakan Elçi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Semi Arid

This paper aims to assess the effects of harsh climatic conditions’ interactions with natural stone on thermal inertia properties and the thermal performance of ancient residential buildings. As the type of stone differs, its thermo-physical components differ; therefore, its interactions with environmental factors vary. For this purpose, an experimental measurement was conducted on many buildings with different orientations in a semi-arid climate and validated by a simulation performed by the “EnergyPlus 9.3” software. Results showed that the important outdoor temperature gap between day and night influences the natural stone thermos-physical properties used in construction. The stone components affected by the thermal shock effect weathering are eroded over time, then saturated with water, and affect the thermal conductivity coefficient of stone; however, this directly changes the indoor thermal comfort and performance of buildings. Additionally, the high indoor relative humidity percentage and the absence of natural ventilation have an important influence on the ambient temperature values recorded. This paper discusses the experimental measurement results compared to the simulation results. KEYWORDS Thermal performance, building envelope, thermal inertia, limestone, Tébessa, Algeria

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Meteorological Drought for the Island of Crete

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristeidis G. Koutroulis ◽  
Aggeliki-Eleni K. Vrohidou ◽  
Ioannis K. Tsanis
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
First Time

Abstract A modified drought index, named the spatially normalized–standardized precipitation index (SN-SPI), has been developed for assessing meteorological droughts. The SN–SPI is a variant index to the standardized precipitation index and is based on the probability of precipitation at different time scales, but it is spatially normalized for improved assessment of drought severity. Results of this index incorporate the spatial distribution of precipitation and produce improved drought warnings. This index is applied in the island of Crete, Greece, and the drought results are compared to the ones of SPI. A 30-year-long average monthly precipitation dataset from 130 watersheds of the island is used by the above indices for drought classification in terms of its duration and intensity. Bias-adjusted monthly precipitation estimates from an ensemble of 10 regional climate models were used to quantify the influence of global warming to drought conditions over the period 2010–2100. Results based on both indices (calculated for three time scales of 12, 24, and 48 months) from 3 basins in west, central, and east parts of the island show that 1) the extreme drought periods are the same (reaching 7% of time) but the intensities based on SN–SPI are lower; 2) the area covered by extreme droughts is 3% (first time scale), 16% (second time scale), and 25% (third time scale), and 96% (first time scale), 95% (second time scale), and 80% (third time scale) based on the SN–SPI and SPI, respectively; 3) concerning the longest time scale (48 months), more than half of the area of Crete is about to experience drought conditions during 28%, 69%, and 97% for 2010–40, 2040–70, and 2070–2100, respectively; and 4) extremely dry conditions will cover 52%, 33%, and 25% of the island for the future 90-year period using 12-, 24-, and 48-month SN–SPI, respectively.

DROUGHT OCCURRENCE UNDER LITHUANIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laima TAPARAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Veronika LUKŠEVIČIŪTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Calculation Step ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
June July

This study provides the analysis of drought conditions of vegetation period in 1982-2014 year in two Lithuanian regions: Kaunas and Telšiai. To identify drought conditions the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied. SPI was calculated using the long-term precipitation record of 1982–2014 with in-situ meteorological data. Calculation step of SPI was taken 1 month considering only vegetation period (May, June, July, August, September). The purpose of investigation was to evaluate the humidity/aridity of vegetation period and find out the probability of droughts occurrence under Lithuanian climatic conditions. It was found out that according SPI results droughts occurred in 14.5 % of all months in Kaunas region and in 15.8 % in Telšiai region. Wet periods in Kaunas region occurred in 15.8 %, and in Telšiai region occurrence of wet periods was – 18.8 % from all evaluated months. According SPI evaluation near normal were 69.7 % of total months during period of investigation in Kaunas and respectively – 65.5 % in Telšiai. The probability for extremely dry period under Lithuania climatic conditions are pretty low – 3.0 % in middle Lithuania and 2.4 % in western part of Lithuania.

MONITORING A CAVE ENVIRONMENT IN THE SIERRA NEVADA — IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING STALAGMITE RECORDS FROM A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Bowman ◽  
◽  
Eleana Brumage ◽  
Elizabeth Diaz ◽  
Daphne Kuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Semi Arid

Modeling and experimental investigation of dust effect on glass cover PV module with fixed and tracking system under semi-arid climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 111219
Author(s):  
Alae Azouzoute ◽  
Charaf Hajjaj ◽  
Houssain Zitouni ◽  
Massaab El Ydrissi ◽  
Oumaima Mertah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Dust Effect ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

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