scholarly journals Tri-State: From Shannon to Galois Fields in Communication Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Gerck
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Noisy Channels ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Channel Information ◽  
Classical Information Theory ◽  
Fundamental Entity

Communication, compression of information, transmission of information through noisy channels, interconnecting different information systems, cryptography, gate construction –– these areas all depend on classical information theory. We show that, in classical terms, semantic aspects of communication are not at all irrelevant to the engineering problem, contrary to Shannon, and affect the message intended to be transmitted. This is revisited and captured by an analogy to trust, in that they are essential to the channel (for proper use), but cannot be transferred (under risk of flaws) through that same channel. Information is also described by, at least, a tri-state system — not by binary logic. The trust analogy semantics can be coded as the Curry-Howard relationship, connecting computer code with structural logic, by way of different categories. Two-state and Boolean logic (aka Shannon semantics) was used classically before, with Shannon theory, but without trust analogy semantics – found to be a sine qua non condition. This is now familiar in classical gate construction with physical systems with, e.g., Verilog and SystemVerilog. The applications to computation and quantum theory are further explored. The most fundamental entity in today`s theory of information is proposed to use at least three logical states, not bits, in all applications, including: cyber-physical systems, devices, in computation, and in quantum theory.

Information theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Sayre
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Average Amount Of Information ◽  
Computing Machinery ◽  
Academic Psychology ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Channel Information ◽  
Basic Concepts

Information theory was established in 1948 by Claude Shannon as a statistical analysis of factors pertaining to the transmission of messages through communication channels. Among basic concepts defined within the theory are information (the amount of uncertainty removed by the occurrence of an event), entropy (the average amount of information represented by events at the source of a channel), and equivocation (the ‘noise’ that impedes faithful transmission of a message through a channel). Information theory has proved essential to the development of space probes, high-speed computing machinery and modern communication systems. The information studied by Shannon is sharply distinct from information in the sense of knowledge or of propositional content. It is also distinct from most uses of the term in the popular press (‘information retrieval’, ‘information processing’, ‘information highway’, and so on). While Shannon’s work has strongly influenced academic psychology and philosophy, its reception in these disciplines has been largely impressionistic. A major problem for contemporary philosophy is to relate the statistical conceptions of information theory to information in the semantic sense of knowledge and content.

Unearthing Techno-Ecology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Tim Barker ◽  
Conor McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Active System ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Media And Technology

Abstract Studies of media and ecology are often reduced to questions of representation: understanding the cultural mediation of nature means looking to screen based content. However, given recent work in materialist media studies from Doug Kahn, Lisa Parks and Eugene Thacker in particular, a new possibility comes into view. We now know that before nature is mediated through culture, it is often passed through layers of technology. With that in mind, this paper offers a radical rethinking of the technological mediation of the ecological. Through a study of the technical apparatus as an active system of knowledge, two different sections of the paper will illustrate the ‘tool-kit’ that makes possible a technical study of ecology. The first looks to historical developments of hardware such as the telegraph, radio, and satellites to pinpoint examples where media technology has been used to pick up signals from the natural world. Framed by the philosophy of Peter Sloterdijk, it explores the way nature has been given form through its transduction into communication systems. The second section of this paper, addressing ecology on a different register, looks past the surface of digital media to the manner in which ecologies are mediated via computer code. In this section, by conducting a reverse-engineering of the software based eco-media videogame Mountain (O’Reilly, 2014), we encounter the ecological structure of code systems which could be applied to other data visualisation systems. These two methods of analysis suggest the possibilities of a technologically focused study of eco-media: in coming to grips with both global and internal ecologies through what Sloterdijk terms ‘air conditioning’ systems - the material processes that provide the atmosphere of everyday life - we investigate the possibilities for innovative, post-human, approaches to a natural world entwined with media and technology.

scholarly journals QUANTUM BACKREACTION (CASIMIR) EFFECT WITHOUT INFINITIES: ALGEBRAIC ANALYSIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
ANDRZEJ HERDEGEN
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum System ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Algebra Of Observables ◽  
General Terms ◽  
External Conditions

Casimir effect, in most general terms, is the backreaction of a quantum system responding to an adiabatic change of external conditions. This backreaction is expected to be quantitatively measured by a change in the expectation value of a certain energy observable of the system. However, for this concept to be applicable, the system has to retain its identity in the process. Most prevailing tendencies in the analysis of the effect seem to ignore this question. In general, a quantum theory is defined by an algebra of observables, whose representations by operators in a Hilbert space define concrete physical systems described by the theory. A quantum system retains its identity if both the algebra as well as its representation do not change. We discuss the resulting restrictions for admissible models of changing external conditions. These ideas are applied to quantum field models. No infinities arise, if the algebraic demands are respected.

scholarly journals Considering even-order terms in stochastic nonlinear system modeling with respect to broadband data communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Schmitz ◽  
S.K. Hampel ◽  
H. Eul ◽  
D. Schwingshackl
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear System Modeling ◽  
Spectral Regrowth

Abstract. As a tradeoff between efficiency and costs \\mbox{modern} communication systems contain a variety of components that can at least be considered weakly nonlinear. A critical element in evaluating the degree of nonlinearity of any underlying nonlinear system is the amount of undesired signal strength or signal power this system is introducing outside the transmission bandwidth. This phenomenon called spectral regrowth or spectral broadening is subject to stringent restrictions mainly imposed by the given specifications of the particular communication standard. Consequently, achieving the highest possible efficiency without exceeding the linearity requirements is one of the main tasks in system design. Starting from this challenging engineering problem there grows a certain need for specialized tools that are capable of predicting linearity and efficiency of the underlying design. Besides a multitude of methods aiming at the prediction of spectral regrowth a statistical approach in modeling and analyzing nonlinear systems offers the advantage of short processing times due to closed form mathematical expressions in terms of input and output power spectra and is therefore further examined throughout this article.

scholarly journals Joint congestion control and resource allocation for energy-efficient transmission in 5G heterogeneous networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jain-Shing Liu ◽  
Chun-Hung Lin ◽  
Heng-Chih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Performance Bound ◽  
System Overhead ◽  
Channel Information

Abstract The deployment of small cells with carrier aggregation (CA) is a significant feature of fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems which could be characterized by the multi-dimensional heterogeneity on their diversified requirements upon different resources. Taking the heterogeneity into account, we consider here a joint optimization problem wherein multiple kinds of resources are concurrently allocated to optimize the system throughput utility while enhancing the network energy efficiency (EE) and maintaining the system stability. Especially, for the high-dimensional non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-hard allocation problem embedded, we conduct a mathematical programming model involving nonlinear integer constraints to seek the long-term stable utility on throughput and introduce an iterative optimal modulation and coding scheme-based (optimal MCS-based) heuristic algorithm as an effective solver. In addition, as data traffic and channel condition will be time-varying in the real world, an admission control based on the Lyapunov technique that requires no prior knowledge on channel information is proposed to reduce the system overhead. Finally, not only the performance bound is derived in theory, but also the numerical experiments are conduced to reveal its characteristics with respect to the system parameter V and the EE requirement.

Communication Science: Issues and Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Каргин ◽  
Nikolay Kargin
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Social Communications

The article considers methodological approach to the analysis of the communicational processes in society, difference between the communicational processes in society and similar processes in physical systems. Author suggests criteria of fundamental difference between regulatory mechanisms by means of social communications and informational exchange. The article describes functions of communication systems that are important from the point of sustainable development of modern society. Author considers the possible ways of development of the communication science by means of a main idea that postulates difference between communication and information processes through the number of system parameters, such as target parameters, application means and method of application.

scholarly journals Preface

1995 ◽  
Vol 353 (1701) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Chaotic Signals

Chaos is an ubiquitous phenomenon that arises in many natural and artificial systems where nonlinearity is present (Thompson & Stewart 1986; Moon 1992). Nowhere is this important and robust phenomenon more easily observed, studied and exploited than in electronic circuits. Three reasons for this can be identified. First, there exist exceedingly simple and inexpensive circuits costing less than a paperback, which are ideal for heuristic experimental investigations of the diverse chaotic phenomena that have been identified in the more complex systems of solid and fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics, etc. Second, the physics of the electronic devices used in these circuits is a well-understood and mature branch of electrical engineering. Excellent mathematical models exist, allowing the experimental observations to be reproduced by computer simulation (Parker & Chua 1989) with great accuracy; and the bifurcational structure of these nonlinear models can be analysed by using the new topological techniques of dynamical systems theory. It is indeed the case that no other chaotic physical systems are known which are amenable simultaneously to experimental, numerical and analytical studies, giving correlations which are not only qualitative but often quantitative to within 5%. Third, for applications which call for a source of real chaotic signals (such as secure communication systems and neural networks), electronic circuits provide the simplest and cheapest source of such physical signals. Moreover, such circuits can be readily mass-produced in practical applications as inexpensive integrated circuit chips

Bipolar Quantum Lattice and Dynamic Triangular Norms

2011 ◽  
pp. 97-128
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Partially Ordered Sets ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Quantum Lattice ◽  
Triangular Norms ◽  
Fuzzy Lattice ◽  
Quantum Lattices ◽  
Complete Quantum

Bipolar quantum lattice (BQL) and dynamic triangular norms (t-norms) are presented in this chapter. BQLs are defined as special types of bipolar partially ordered sets or posets. It is shown that bipolar quantum entanglement is definable on BQLs. With the addition of fuzziness, BDL is extended to a bipolar dynamic fuzzy logic (BDFL). The essential part of BDFL consists of bipolar dynamic triangular norms (t-norms) and their co-norms which extend their truth-based counterparts from a static unipolar fuzzy lattice to a bipolar dynamic quantum lattice. BDFL has the advantage in dealing with uncertainties in bipolar dynamic environments. With bipolar quantum lattices (crisp or fuzzy), the concepts of bipolar symmetry and quasi-symmetry are defined which form a basis toward a logically complete quantum theory. The concepts of strict bipolarity, linearity, and integrity of BQLs are introduced. A recovery theorem is presented for the depolarization of any strict BQL to Boolean logic. The recovery theorem reinforces the computability of BDL or BDFL.

Destruction ab Toto: Nothing from Something

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatko Vedral
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Quantum Information Theory ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
New Order ◽  
Financial Speculation ◽  
Theory Of Information

The main view promoted by this book is that underlying many different aspects of reality is some form of information processing. The theory of information started rather innocently, as the result of a very specific question that Shannon considered, which was how to maximize the capacity of communication between two users. Shannon showed that all we need is to associate a probability to an event, and defined a metric that allowed you to quantify the information content of that event. Interestingly, because of its simplicity and intuitiveness, Shannon’s views have been successfully applied to many other problems. We can view biological information through Shannon’s theory as a communication in time (where the objective of natural selection is to propagate the gene pool into the future). But it is not only that communications and biology are trying to optimize information. In physics, systems arrange themselves so that entropy is maximized, and this entropy is quantified in the same way as Shannon’s information. We encounter the same form of information in other phenomena. Financial speculation is also governed by the same concept of entropy, and optimizing your profit is the same problem as optimizing your channel capacity. In social theory, society is governed by its interconnectedness or correlation and this correlation itself is quantified by Shannon’s entropy. Underlying all these phenomena was the classical Boolean logic where events had clear outcomes, either yes or no, on or off, and so on. In our most accurate description of reality, given by quantum theory, we know that bits of information are an approximation to a much more precise concept of qubits. Qubits, unlike bits, can exist in a multitude of states, any combination of yes and no, on and off. Shannon’s information theory has been extended to account for quantum theory and the resulting framework, quantum information theory, has already shown a number of advantages. The greater power of quantum information theory is manifested in more secure cryptographic protocols, a completely new order of computing, quantum teleportation, and a number of other applications that were simply not possible according to Shannon’s view.

Effect of Noise on Practical Quantum Communication Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Collective Noise ◽  
Noisy Channels ◽  
Amplitude Damping ◽  
Phase Damping ◽  
Noise Models

<p>Entanglement is an important resource for various applications of quantum computation. Another important endeavor is to establish the role of entanglement in practical implementation where system of interest is affected by various kinds of noisy channels. Here, a single classical bit is used to send information under the influence of a noisy quantum channel. The entanglement content of quantum states is computed under noisy channels such as amplitude damping, phase damping, squeesed generalised amplitude damping, Pauli channels and various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution.</p><p> </p>

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