scholarly journals Interconnections between Inflammageing and Immunosenescence During Ageing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Teissier ◽  
Eric Boulanger ◽  
Lynne S Cox
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Effector Pathways ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Antigenic Load

Acute inflammation is a physiological response to injury or infection, with a cascade of steps that ultimately leads to recruitment of immune cells to clear invading pathogens and heal wounds. However, chronic inflammation arising from continued presence of the initial trigger, or dysfunction of signalling and/or effector pathways, is harmful to health. While successful ageing in older adults including centenarians is associated with low levels of inflammation, elevated inflammation increases the risk of poor health and death [1–3]. Hence inflammation has been described as one of seven pillars of ageing. Age-associated sterile, chronic, and low-grade inflammation is commonly termed inflammageing - it is not simply a consequence of increasing chronological age, but is also a marker of biological ageing, multimorbidity and mortality risk. While inflammageing was initially thought to be caused by “continuous antigenic load and stress”, reports from the last two decades describe a much more complex phenomenon also involving cellular senescence and ageing of the immune system. In this review, we explore the sources and consequences of inflammageing and highlight potential interventions. In particular, we assess the contribution of cellular senescence to age-associated inflammation, identify patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers characteristic of inflammageing, describe alterations in the ageing immune system that lead to elevated inflammation, and finally assess the ways that diet, exercise and pharmacological interventions can reduce inflammageing and thus improve later life health.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Klara Suneson ◽  
Jesper Lindahl ◽  
Simon Chamli Hårsmar ◽  
Gustav Söderberg ◽  
Daniel Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Maternal Obesity, Inflammation, and Developmental Programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Segovia ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Clint Gray ◽  
Clare M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The prevalence of obesity, especially in women of child-bearing age, is a global health concern. In addition to increasing the immediate risk of gestational complications, there is accumulating evidence that maternal obesity also has long-term consequences for the offspring. The concept of developmental programming describes the process in which an environmental stimulus, including altered nutrition, during critical periods of development can program alterations in organogenesis, tissue development, and metabolism, predisposing offspring to obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in later life. Although the mechanisms underpinning programming of metabolic disorders remain poorly defined, it has become increasingly clear that low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity and its comorbidities. This review will discuss maternal metainflammation as a mediator of programming in insulin sensitive tissues in offspring. Use of nutritional anti-inflammatories in pregnancy including omega 3 fatty acids, resveratrol, curcumin, and taurine may provide beneficial intervention strategies to ameliorate maternal obesity-induced programming.

Regulation of Metabolism: A Cross Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Its Human Host

Physiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Burcelin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Origin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The recent epidemic of obesity and diabetes and the diversity at the individual level could be explained by the intestinal microbiota-to-host relationship. More than four million gene products from the microbiome could interact with the immune system to induce a tissue metabolic infection, which is the molecular origin of the low-grade inflammation that characterizes the onset of obesity and diabetes.

scholarly journals How Immunosenescence and Inflammaging May Contribute to Hyperinflammatory Syndrome in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12539
Author(s):  
Ludmila Müller ◽  
Svetlana Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thymic Involution ◽  
Cell Repertoire ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
With Memory

Aging is characterized by the dynamic remodeling of the immune system designated “immunosenescence,” and is associated with altered hematopoiesis, thymic involution, and lifelong immune stimulation by multitudinous chronic stressors, including the cytomegalovirus (CMV). Such alterations may contribute to a lowered proportion of naïve T-cells and to reduced diversity of the T-cell repertoire. In the peripheral circulation, a shift occurs towards accumulations of T and B-cell populations with memory phenotypes, and to accumulation of putatively senescent and exhausted immune cells. The aging-related accumulations of functionally exhausted memory T lymphocytes, commonly secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with mediators and factors of the innate immune system, are considered to contribute to the low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) often observed in elderly people. These senescent immune cells not only secrete inflammatory mediators, but are also able to negatively modulate their environments. In this review, we give a short summary of the ways that immunosenescence, inflammaging, and CMV infection may cause insufficient immune responses, contribute to the establishment of the hyperinflammatory syndrome and impact the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in elderly people.

scholarly journals Epigenetics meets proteomics in an epigenome-wide association study with circulating blood plasma protein traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaza B. Zaghlool ◽  
Brigitte Kühnel ◽  
Mohamed A. Elhadad ◽  
Sara Kader ◽  
Anna Halama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

AbstractDNA methylation and blood circulating proteins have been associated with many complex disorders, but the underlying disease-causing mechanisms often remain unclear. Here, we report an epigenome-wide association study of 1123 proteins from 944 participants of the KORA population study and replication in a multi-ethnic cohort of 344 individuals. We identify 98 CpG-protein associations (pQTMs) at a stringent Bonferroni level of significance. Overlapping associations with transcriptomics, metabolomics, and clinical endpoints suggest implication of processes related to chronic low-grade inflammation, including a network involving methylation of NLRC5, a regulator of the inflammasome, and associated pQTMs implicating key proteins of the immune system, such as CD48, CD163, CXCL10, CXCL11, LAG3, FCGR3B, and B2M. Our study links DNA methylation to disease endpoints via intermediate proteomics phenotypes and identifies correlative networks that may eventually be targeted in a personalized approach of chronic low-grade inflammation.

scholarly journals Dysfunctional adipose tissue and low-grade inflammation in the management of the metabolic syndrome: current practices and future advances

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. J. van Greevenbroek ◽  
Casper G. Schalkwijk ◽  
Coen D.A. Stehouwer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Complement System

The ongoing worldwide obesity epidemic makes the metabolic syndrome an increasingly important entity. In this review, we provide a short background on the metabolic syndrome, we discuss recent developments in the three main options that have been identified for intervention in the metabolic syndrome, i.e. lifestyle and surgical and pharmacological interventions, and we focus on different views in the literature and also include our own viewpoints on the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we discuss some emerging treatment targets for adipose tissue dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, i.e. activation of the inflammasome and the complement system, and consider some selected opportunities for intervention in these processes.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and inflammation in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: public health relevance

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Alaa Badawi ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Mohamed H. Al Thani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. To reduce the disease risk and burden at the population level, preventative strategies should be developed with minimal cost and effort and with no side-effects. Low-grade inflammation resulting from imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with an array of chronic disorders that predispose to the later development of T2DM (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance). As a result, inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, attenuation of this inflammatory response via modulating the innate immune system could lead to improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with vitamin D may represent a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review examines current knowledge linking T2DM to chronic low-grade inflammation and the role of vitamin D in modulating this relationship. The concept that vitamin D, via attenuating inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to health care and public health practices.

scholarly journals Role of Innate Immunity in Initiation and Progression of Osteoarthritis, with Emphasis on Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Juan Estrada McDermott ◽  
Lynn Pezzanite ◽  
Laurie Goodrich ◽  
Kelly Santangelo ◽  
Lyndah Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Acute Trauma ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition with diverse etiologies, affecting horses, humans, and companion animals. Importantly, OA is not a single disease, but rather a disease process initiated by different events, including acute trauma, irregular or repetitive overload of articular structures, and spontaneous development with aging. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA is still evolving, and OA is increasingly considered a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a key role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation, resulting in sustained cartilage injury and destruction. Macrophages within the synovium and synovial fluid are considered the key regulators of immune processes in OA and are capable of both stimulating and suppressing joint inflammation, by responding to local and systemic cues. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of the innate immune system in the overall pathogenesis of OA, drawing on insights from studies in humans, animal models of OA, and from clinical and research studies in horses. This review also discusses the various therapeutic immune modulatory options currently available for managing OA and their mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals The Role of Innate Immunity in Osteoarthritis: When Our First Line of Defense Goes On the Offensive

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Orlowsky ◽  
Virginia Byers Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Although osteoarthritis (OA) has existed since the dawn of humanity, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. OA is no longer considered a “wear and tear” condition but rather one driven by proteases where chronic low-grade inflammation may play a role in perpetuating proteolytic activity. While multiple factors are likely active in this process, recent evidence has implicated the innate immune system, the older or more primitive part of the body’s immune defense mechanisms. The roles of some of the components of the innate immune system have been tested in OA modelsin vivoincluding the roles of synovial macrophages and the complement system. This review is a selective overview of a large and evolving field. Insights into these mechanisms might inform our ability to identify patient subsets and give hope for the advent of novel OA therapies.

scholarly journals Inflammation-Accelerated Senescence and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Del Pinto ◽  
Claudio Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dna Targeting ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Low-grade chronic inflammation is a common denominator in atherogenesis and related diseases. Solid evidence supports the occurrence of an impairment in the innate and adaptive immune system with senescence, favoring the development of acute and chronic age-related diseases. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD), in particular, are a leading cause of death even at older ages. Inflammation-associated mechanisms that contribute to CVD development include dysregulated redox and metabolic pathways, genetic modifications, and infections/dysbiosis. In this review, we will recapitulate the determinants and consequences of the immune system dysfunction at older age, with particular focus on the CV system. We will examine the currently available and potential future strategies to counteract accelerated CV aging, i.e., nutraceuticals, probiotics, caloric restriction, physical activity, smoking and alcohol cessation, control of low-grade inflammation sources, senolytic and senescence-modulating drugs, and DNA-targeting drugs.

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