scholarly journals Model-Based Dynamic Performance Simulation of a Microturbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Leonardo Erario ◽  
Maria Grazia De Giorgi ◽  
Radoslaw Przysowa
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Predicted Values

Microturbines can be used not only in models and education but also to propel UAVs. However, their wider adoption is limited by their relatively low efficiency and durability. Validated simulation models are required to monitor their performance, improve their lifetime, and design engine control systems. This study aims at developing a numerical model of a micro gas turbine for prediction and prognostics of engine performance. To build a reliable zero-dimensional model, the available compressor and turbine maps were scaled to the available test bench data with the least squares method, to meet the performance of the engine achieved during bench and flight tests. A steady-state aeroengine model was implemented in GSP and compared with experimental operating points. The selected flight data was then used as input for the transient engine model. The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and fuel flow were chosen as the two key parameters to validate the model, comparing the numerical predicted values with the experimental ones. The observed difference between the model and the flight data was lower than 3% for both EGT and fuel flow.

Development of HIDEC Adaptive Engine Control Systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
R. J. Landy ◽  
W. A. Yonke ◽  
J. F. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Engine Control System ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Propulsion Control ◽  
And Performance

The NASA Ames/Dryden Flight Research Facility is sponsoring a flight research program designated Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control (HIDEC), whose purpose is to develop integrated flight-propulsion control modes and evaluate their benefits in flight on NASA F-15 test aircraft. The Adaptive Engine Control System (ADECS I) is one phase of the HIDEC program. ADECS I involves uptrimming the P&W Engine Model Derivative (EMD) PW1128 engines to operate at higher engine pressure ratios (EPR) and produce more thrust. In a follow-on phase, called ADECS II, a constant thrust mode will be developed which will significantly reduce turbine operating temperatures and improve thrust specific fuel consumption. A performance seeking control mode is scheduled to be developed. This mode features an onboard model of the engine that will be updated to reflect actual engine performance, accounting for deterioration and manufacturing differences. The onboard engine model, together with inlet and nozzle models, are used to determine optimum control settings for the engine, inlet, and nozzle that will maximize thrust at power settings of intermediate and above and minimize fuel flow at cruise. The HIDEC program phases are described in this paper with particular emphasis on the ADECS I system and its expected performance benefits. The ADECS II and performance seeking control concepts and the plans for implementing these modes in a flight demonstration test aircraft are also described. The potential payoffs for these HIDEC modes as well as other integrated control modes are also discussed.

scholarly journals Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Health Monitoring System by Real Flight Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustagime Tülin Yildirim ◽  
Bülent Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
The Status ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Modern condition monitoring-based methods are used to reduce maintenance costs, increase aircraft safety, and reduce fuel consumption. In the literature, parameters such as engine fan speeds, vibration, oil pressure, oil temperature, exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and fuel flow are used to determine performance deterioration in gas turbine engines. In this study, a new model was developed to get information about the gas turbine engine’s condition. For this model, multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of the flight parameters on the EGT parameter and the artificial neural network (ANN) method was used in the identification of EGT parameter. At the end of the study, a network that predicts the EGT parameter with the smallest margin of error has been developed. An interface for instant monitoring of the status of the aircraft engine has been designed in MATLAB Simulink. Any performance degradation that may occur in the aircraft’s gas turbine engine can be easily detected graphically or by the engine performance deterioration value. Also, it has been indicated that it could be a new indicator that informs the pilots in the event of a fault in the sensor of the EGT parameter that they monitor while flying.

Environmental Influences on Engine Performance Degradation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Wensky ◽  
Lutz Winkler ◽  
Jens Friedrichs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Environmental influences have an increasing effect on the performance degradation and durability of modern aircraft engines. The study provides information on environmental effects using in-flight engine data and results of engine overhauls performed at MTU Maintenance. According to these investigations global regions are classified into erosive and anthropogenic polluted areas. Both types of regional effects significantly degrade performance and engine durability. The investigation, which is based upon the in-flight data taken from Engine Trend Monitoring (ETM), provides one approach for the estimatation of environmental effects on aircraft engine performance degradation. The results of the monitored engines provide detailed information on the environmental effects atlocal airports. The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) that has been measured under flight conditions is compared with a calculated EGT of a calibrated fully thermodynamic gas path engine model (MOPS). Therefore, the EGT also serves as an indicator for performance degradation, increase of specific fuel consumption and the need for on-wing maintenance actions. Further information provided by the engine shop visit data at MTU Maintenance allows for an estimation of environmental influences on durability and overhaul costs. The on-wing time of maintained shop visit data is compared with a model for on-wing time calculation, whereas variations in durability were observed and analyzed under the aspects of environmental influences. Depending on the variations, corrections were made by defining the factors contributing to the classifications of environmental effects. These corrective factors provide information on reduced durability and increased operating costs. The result of the ETM performance degradation analysis shows significant variations in engine performance degradation as a result of specific regional operation. The analyses of maintenance data as well as performance degradation measured by ETM show remarkable environmental effects on engine durability and an increase in maintenance costs.

scholarly journals Dynamic performance simulation and control of an aeroengine by using NARX models

2019 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia De Giorgi ◽  
Antonio Ficarella ◽  
Marco Quarta
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Transient Behaviour ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Narx Models ◽  
Model Training ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transient Operations

Dynamic aeroengine model plays a key role in the design of engine control systems. Moreover, modelling of the engine using performance simulations is an important step in the design process in order to reduce costs, decrease risks and shortening development period. Parameters such as engine spool speeds, vibration, oil temperature, exhaust gas temperature, and fuel flow are often used to estimate performance in gas turbine engines. In this study, two artificial neural network methods were used for the prediction, under transient operations, of one of the most important engine parameters, the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT). The data used for model training are time series datasets of several different flight missions, which have been created using a gas path analysis, and that allow to simulate the engine transient behaviour. The study faces the challenge of setting up a robust and reliable Nonlinear Input-Output (NIO) and a Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXog nous inputs (NARX) models, by means of a good selection of training. At the end of the study, two network that predicts the engine EGT in transient operations with the smallest error have been identified.

scholarly journals Development of HIDEC Adaptive Engine Control Systems

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Landy ◽  
W. A. Yonke ◽  
J. F. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Engine Control System ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Propulsion Control ◽  
And Performance

The NASA Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility is sponsoring a flight research program designated Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control (HIDEC), whose purpose is to develop integrated flight-propulsion control modes and evaluate their benefits in flight on the NASA F-15 test aircraft. The Adaptive Engine Control System (ADECS I) is one phase of the HIDEC program. ADECS I involves uptrimming the P&W Engine Model Derivative (EMD) PW1128 engines to operate at higher engine pressure ratios (EPR) and produce more thrust. In a follow-on phase, called ADECS II, a constant thrust mode will be developed which will significantly reduce turbine operating temperatures and improve thrust specific fuel consumption. A Performance Seeking Control mode is scheduled to be developed. This mode features an onboard model of the engine that will be updated to reflect actual engine performance, accounting for deterioration and manufacturing differences. The onboard engine model, together with inlet and nozzle models, are used to determine optimum control settings for the engine, inlet, and nozzle that will maximize thrust at power settings of intermediate and above and minimize fuel flow at cruise. The HIDEC program phases are described in this paper with particular emphasis on the ADECS I system and its expected performance benefits. The ADECS II and Performance Seeking Control concepts and the plans for implementing these modes in a flight demonstration test aircraft are also described. The potential pay-offs for these HIDEC modes as well as other integrated control modes are also discussed.

Performance and Techno-Economic Investigation of On-Wing Compressor Wash for a Short-Range Aero Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Giesecke ◽  
Uyioghosa Igie ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Kenneth Ramsden ◽  
Paul Lambart
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Airborne Pollutant ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The lower atmosphere is known to be relatively more concentrated with airborne pollutant. Short-range aircrafts are particularly more affected due to the altitude they operate, making them more susceptible to compressor fouling degradation. This usually leads to the demand for more fuel that increases the emissions, to make up for the reduction in the thrust. Compressor fouling is therefore a concern for aircraft operators due to increasing fuel cost and emission-based landing fees which impact the direct operating costs of an aircraft. Highlighting the performance and economic benefits of compressor washing are the key aims of this study. An economic model is developed and the benefit is calculated for different wash intervals, which are based on the usual aircraft checks. The clean and fouled engine performance is simulated, indicating the impact of compressor fouling degradation on the twin-spool engine model. To emphasise the benefit of compressor washing, the degraded engine is compared to its new condition after washing. It was observed that it is impossible to fully recover the performance of a fouled compressor by an on-wing compressor wash. This study concludes that compressor washing has a significant improvement on engine performance, as well as cost benefit in monetary terms. The results also suggest that compressor washing can reduce the unwanted thrust loss and exhaust gas temperature increase due to fouling, by half. A gross recovery of almost £75,000 per year for a short-range engine is shown to be achievable with a marginal increase of the total washing cost.

Engine Performance with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fuel and Emission Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5A) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Marwa N. Kareem ◽  
Adel M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hc Emissions

In this study, the sunflowers oil was utilized as for producing biodiesel via a chemical operation, which is called trans-esterification reaction. Iraqi diesel fuel suffers from high sulfur content, which makes it one of the worst fuels in the world. This study is an attempt to improve the fuel specifications by reducing the sulfur content of the addition of biodiesel fuel to diesel where this fuel is free of sulfur and has a thermal energy that approaches to diesel.20%, 30% and 50% of Biodiesel fuel were added to the conventional diesel. Performance tests and pollutants of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine were performed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency a decreased by (4%, 16%, and 22%) for the B20, B30 and B50, respectively. The increase in specific fuel consumption was (60%, 33%, and 11%) for the B50, B30, and B20 fuels, respectively for the used fuel blends compared to neat diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas emissions measures manifested a decreased of CO and HC were CO decreased by (13%), (39%) and (52%), and the HC emissions were lower by (6.3%), (32%), and (46%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The reduction of exhaust gas temperature was (7%), (14%), and (32%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively. The NOx emission increased with the increase in biodiesel blends ratio. For B50, the raise was (29.5%) in comparison with diesel fuel while for B30 and B20, the raise in the emissions of NOx was (18%) and...

scholarly journals Axial Compressor Mean-Line Analysis: Choking Modelling and Fully-Coupled Integration in Engine Performance Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kolias ◽  
Alexios Alexiou ◽  
Nikolaos Aretakis ◽  
Konstantinos Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Transient Simulations ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Performance Calculation ◽  
Fully Coupled

A mean-line compressor performance calculation method is presented that covers the entire operating range, including the choked region of the map. It can be directly integrated into overall engine performance models, as it is developed in the same simulation environment. The code materializing the model can inherit the same interfaces, fluid models, and solvers, as the engine cycle model, allowing consistent, transparent, and robust simulations. In order to deal with convergence problems when the compressor operates close to or within the choked operation region, an approach to model choking conditions at blade row and overall compressor level is proposed. The choked portion of the compressor characteristics map is thus numerically established, allowing full knowledge and handling of inter-stage flow conditions. Such choking modelling capabilities are illustrated, for the first time in the open literature, for the case of multi-stage compressors. Integration capabilities of the 1D code within an overall engine model are demonstrated through steady state and transient simulations of a contemporary turbofan layout. Advantages offered by this approach are discussed, while comparison of using alternative approaches for representing compressor performance in overall engine models is discussed.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of Compression Ignition Engine Using High Content Biodiesels: A Comparative Study with Diesel Fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7688
Author(s):  
Asif Afzal ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
Ali Belhocine ◽  
Mohammed Kareemullah ◽  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

In this study, engine performance on thermal factors for different biodiesels has been studied and compared with diesel fuel. Biodiesels were produced from Pongamia pinnata (PP), Calophyllum inophyllum (CI), waste cooking oil (WCO), and acid oil. Depending on their free fatty acid content, they were subjected to the transesterification process to produce biodiesel. The main characterizations of density, calorific range, cloud, pour, flash and fire point followed by the viscosity of obtained biodiesels were conducted and compared with mineral diesel. The characterization results presented benefits near to standard diesel fuel. Then the proposed diesel engine was analyzed using four blends of higher concentrations of B50, B65, B80, and B100 to better substitute fuel for mineral diesel. For each blend, different biodiesels were compared, and the relative best performance of the biodiesel is concluded. This diesel engine was tested in terms of BSFC (brake-specific fuel consumption), BTE (brake thermal efficiency), and EGT (exhaust gas temperature) calculated with the obtained results. The B50 blend of acid oil provided the highest BTE compared to other biodiesels at all loads while B50 blend of WCO provided the lowest BSFC compared to other biodiesels, and B50 blends of all biodiesels provided a minimum % of the increase in EGT compared to diesel.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

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