The danger of anthrax soil foci during excavation

Bacteriology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
I.A. Dyatlov ◽  
◽  
L.I. Marinin ◽  
N.A. Shishkova ◽  
A.N. Mokrievich ◽  
...  

The anthrax pathogen trapped in the soil forms spores that retain their viability and virulence for a long time. Analysis of the available data shows that the anthrax microbe can retain virulence in soil up to 1300 years. All this time, the soil remains dangerous for people during earthworks on the territory of anthrax soil foci. Soil foci of anthrax include anthrax burial grounds (burials), places of death, sites, spontaneous burials of animals killed by anthrax and other environmental objects containing the causative agent of anthrax. Under favorable conditions, the pathogen, being in the soil, can go through a full multiple biological cycle of its development. As a result, we observed a change in properties the pathogen isolated from soil samples taken from a 70 years age cattle burial ground. Key words: anthrax, burial ground, risk of infection, PCR

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI

Soils were extracted by hot water, dilute CaCl2, and by mannitol-CaCl2 solutions and boron was determined by either azomethine-H or the curcumin method. Results were strongly method dependent; in particular results by the simplest method, mannitol-CaCl2, were generally lower and not highly correlated (r = 0.64) with those by the recommended procedure. This procedure involves extraction with hot distilled H2O (2:1 solution:soil), centrifugation, filtration, color development with azomethine-H and correction for background color. Extractable boron values by this procedure ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 mg kg−1. Background color can be further reduced by the substitution of 0.02 M CaCl2 for distilled water. Key words: CSSC reference soil samples, hot-water-soluble boron


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  

Some countries might witness movements that call for secession from the main homeland ,some had succeeded in their endeavors and others are hoping to accomplish them in the future .There are such movements in the Arab homeland which varied according to the motivations behind their wishes to disengage and the means that they used to accomplish them ,whether peaceful or by resort to violence ,which might take long time . These motives might be political, ethnical ,religious, or else . Usually there might be more than one motive behind such moves towards disengagement and secession, but the international support is the most conclusive factor in achieving such an aim , and this is what we are trying to discuss here. Key words : secession ,political, economic ,ethnic, minorities


2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jong

In Saskatchewan, Gleysolic and Chernozemic soils often are found close to each other in hummocky terrain. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) is known to be reduced in poorly drained soils compared to well-drained soils, and this study investigated the use of χ as an accessory criterion for identifying Gleysols. Archived soil samples from an area near Saskatoon were analyzed for χ and sand content, and where necessary for organic and inorganic C and oxalate (Feo) and dithionite (Fed) extractable iron. The lowest χ values were found in Humic Luvic Gleysols and the highest in Dark Brown Chernozems; Rego and Orthic Gleysols and Rego Humic Gleysols had χ values that overlapped those of the Dark Brown Chernozems. Within the upper 50 cm of the profile, all Gleysols except the Rego Humic Gleysol had at least one horizon with %chi; less than 150 × 10-9m3kg-1. The χ of the A and B horizons was negatively correlated to their Feo/Fed ratios, and not correlated to their sand content. The χ of the deep tills was positively correlated to sand content, and not correlated to Feo/Fed ratio. It appears that χ may be as useful as the Feo/Fed ratio for assisting in classifying Gleysols. Key words: Magnetic susceptibility, Gleysols, Chernozems, Feo, Fed, CaCo3


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Stig Welinder

Prehistoric people sometimes died at an old age to judge by the longevity of life estimated from skeletal data. Anthropology, however, suggests that old age is a much more complex concept than that. The process of growing old that is stressed in the anthropological theory of old people may advantageously be discussed on the basis of prehistoric burial-ground data. Examples from Swedish burial-grounds hint at a cultural variation in the way in which prehistoric societies viewed old age.


Author(s):  
Александр Анатольевич Красноперов

Грунтовая часть Тураевского могильника стала известна в 1969 г., раскопки осуществлялись в 1986–1990 гг., памятник полностью опубликован. Среди инвентаря Тураево, п. 73 есть несколько пластинчатых подвесок прямоугольной и трапециевидной формы, вопрос о происхождении которых требует повторного анализа. Подвески из Тураево, п. 73 совсем не характерны для мазунинских. При простоте формы и техники подвески почти не находят аналогий в синхронных памятниках. Таких нет в ближайших родственных культурах, гляденовской, кара-абызской, азелинской, их нет ни у сармат, ни в «древнемордовских» памятниках, ни у рязано-окцев. Ближайшие территории, где представлены пластинчатые украшения, это ареалы дьяковской и мощинской культур. Контекст находок показывает, что и на позднедьяковских, и на мощинских памятниках такие украшения сопряжены с находками вещей круга восточноевропейских эмалей, и являются местным локальным вариантом «эмалевого» комплекса. Кроме киевской, пластинчатые вещи представлены на памятниках зарубинецкой и культуры поздней штрихованной керамики. Дата комплекса Тураево, п. 73 неоднозначна. Железные височные подвески и железная бабочковидная фибула характерны для второго большого периода мазунинской культуры. Но бусинный материал дает дату в пределах III в., скорее второй его половины или середины. В пользу этой датировки свидетельствует набор подвесок, пластинчатых, имеющих истоки в уборе круга эмалей, и из фрагмента эполетообразной застежки предшествующей пьяноборской культуры. Находки круга эмалей эпизодически встречаются в Прикамье, и относятся ко 2-й (азелинские могильники) и 3-й (мазунинские могильники) стадиям развития. Механизм передачи можно предполагать через среду позднезарубинецкого (Ахмедов, 2018: 150, 157) и киевского населения (Бикляньское селище) в процессе их продвижения на восток (Ахмедов, Белоцерковская, 2007: 273). Turaevsky burial ground became known in 1969, excavations were carried out in 1986–1990, the monument is fully published. Among the inventory Turaevo, grave 73 there are several plate-shaped pendants of a rectangular and trapezoidal shape, the question of the origin of which requires repeated analysis. Pendants from Turaevo, grave 73 are not at all characteristic of Mazunino archeological culture. With the simplicity of the form and technique, the pendants almost do not find analogies in synchronous monuments. There are none in the «closest kindred» cultures, Glyadnovo, Kara-Abyz, Azelino, they are neither by the Sarmatians, nor in the «Old Mordovian» monuments, nor among the Ryazan'-Oka monuments. The nearest territories where plate-shaped bijouterie are represented are the areas of Dyakovo and Moschino cultures. The context of the finds shows that on both Late-Dyakovo and Moschino monuments, such bijouterie is associated with finds of things from the circle of East European enamels, and is a local version of the «enamel» complex. Plate-shaped bijouterie are represented on the monuments of Kiev-culture, Zarubinets-culture and the culture of late hatched ceramics. The date of the Turaevo grave 73 is ambiguous. Iron pendants for headwear and an iron butterfly-shaped brooch are characteristic of the second «large» period of the Mazunino culture. But the beads gives a date within the 3rd century, rather, its second half or middle. This dating is supported by a set of plate-shaped pendants having origins in the «enamel circle» and from a fragment of the epaulet-shaped buckle of the previous «Pyany Bor» culture. Findings of a «enamel circle» occasionally occur in Kama river valley, and belong to the 2nd (Azelino burial grounds) and 3rd (Mazunino burial grounds) stages of evolution. The transmission mechanism can be supposed across of the population of the Late-Zarubinets (Akhmedov I. R., 2018, p. 150, 157) and the Kiev (Biklyan' settlement) in the process of going to the East (Akhmedov I. R., Belotserkovskaya I. V., 2007, p. 273).


2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Radoslav Böhm ◽  
Antonín Sedlák ◽  
Martin Bulko ◽  
Karol Holý

Abstract Smoking modifies morphological and physiological parameters of the lungs. Due to the irritation of airways, the natural self-cleaning ability of the lungs is impaired. The mucus accumulates in the airways and various infections develop, leading to chronic bronchitis. After the cessation of smoking, the lungs of the smoker start to heal and regenerate. Cilia in the lungs start to grow again and cleanse the lungs, thus reducing the risk of infection. The regeneration of the lungs takes a long time and depends on the degree of lung damage due to smoking. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the evolution of this regeneration process in chronic smokers by using the biological effects of radon and its decay products. Thus, radon in this study served as a tracer of changes induced by smoking.


1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. WIRES ◽  
B. H. SHELDRICK

An inexpensive, lightweight adjustable hydraulic sampling system is described for obtaining "undisturbed" Kubiena box samples, in relatively stone-free mineral soil, for thin-section preparation. Key words: Hydraulic sampling, undisturbed soil samples, thin section


1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI

Total fluorine was measured in a variety of Canadian soils using the lithium metaborate-nitric acid solution technique in conjunction with the fluoride electrode. Total fluorine ranged from 90 to 1000 mg∙kg−1. Key words: Soil fluorine analysis, fluoride electrode, CSSC reference soil samples


1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Cao ◽  
D. R. Coote ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
M. C. Nolin

137Cs in the soil was used to estimate soil erosion at two National Soil Conservation Program benchmark sites in the province of Quebec (sites 15-QU and 16-QU). The 137Cs baseline in an uneroded forest area was approximately 3100 Bq m−2. The 137Cs content at site 15-QU ranged from 1072 Bq m−2 to 6389 Bq m−2, while at site 16-QU it ranged from 663 Bq m−2 to 5444 Bq m−2. Computed net erosion over the past 30 yr at site 15-QU varied from a loss of 9.65 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 10.88 kg m−2 yr−1 and at site 16-QU from a loss of 6.38 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 1.73 kg m−2 yr−1. The average net erosion rates were 2.43 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 15-QU and 1.29 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 16-QU. Soil samples collected on a grid pattern indicated that 90% and 83% of the area at sites 15-QU and 16-QU, respectively, was subjected to net soil loss. A comparison of total 137Cs movement from eroded areas to depositional areas showed that 24.2% of 137Cs was lost from site 15-QU, while about 17.6% of 137Cs was lost from site 16-QU. Mapping of 137Cs content and calculated soil loss and deposition showed that soil erosion was closely related to topography.Under similar slope conditions, the soil erosion rates were 27–68% higher at site 15-QU than at site 16-QU. Higher tillage frequency and use of silage corn were the suggested reasons for the higher soil erosion rates at site 15-QU compared with site 16-QU, which had been used for hay and small grains. Key words: 137Cs, erosion, deposition, soil conservation


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