scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI NEMATODA USUS GOLONGAN STH (Soil Transmitted Helimnth) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimah ◽  
AR Pratiwi Hasanuddin ◽  
Amirullah Amirullah
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura

Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara dengan kasus kecacingan yang cukup tinggi. Kasus kecacingan ini disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing usus yang proses menularnya melalui perantara tanah (Soil Transmitted helmint). Penyakit kecacingan banyak ditemukan di daerah dengan kelembaban tinggi terutama pada kelompok masyarakat dengan kebersihan diri dan keadaan lingkungan yang kurang baik. Cacing yang merupakan penyebab dari infeksi adalah Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura dan cacing tambang. Infeksi cacing ini mengakibatkan beberapa masalah yakni gangguan pencernaan, penyerapan serta metabolisme makanan sehingga protein, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin dan darah dapat hilang dalam jumlah yang banyak. Eosin 2% merupakan pewarna yang selama ini digunakan dalam pewarnaan telur cacing nematode usus. Daun jati (Tectona grandis) merupakan tanaman yang memberikan warna alami karena mengandung.pigmen Antosianin. Antosianin mampu memberikan warna merah, biru, orange atau ungu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran cacing STH (Soil Transmitted Helminth) menggunakan ekstrak daun jati (Tectona.grandis). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dekskriptif dengan pemeriksaan cacing menggunakan metode sedimentasi yang dilakukan dengan pewarna ekstrak daun jati dengan pelarut ethanol dan esoin 2% sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jati konsentrasi 60% lebih baik dan mampu dijadikan sebagai pewarna pengganti eosin. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun jati dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami dalam pemeriksaan telur cacing. Kata Kunci: Daun jati, Eosin, Soil Transmitted Helminth, Telur cacing

scholarly journals OPTIMASI RENDAMAN BATANG POHON JATI (Tectona grandis) DALAM PEMERIKSAAN Soil Transmitted helmint

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeti Eka Sispita Sari ◽  
Dita Artanti ◽  
Fathor Rozi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Serum Tumor Necrosis

ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan salah satu Negara berkembang dengan kasus kecacingan tinggi. Kasus kecacingan ini disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing usus yang penularannya melalui tanah (Soil Transmitted helmint). Prevalensi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah dasar sebesar 60%-80%.  Cacing yang menjadi penyebab utama infeksi adalah Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura dan cacing tambang. Infeksi cacing ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan pencernaan, penyerapan serta metabolisme makanan sehingga protein, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin dan darah dapat hilang dalam jumlah yang banyak. Dampak terburuk adalah  menurunnya plasma insulin like growth factor, peningkatan kadar serum tumor necrosis factor a (TNF), dan konsentrasi hemoglobin rerata semakin menurun. Eosin 2% merupakan pewarna yang selama ini digunakan dalam pewarnaan telur cacing nematode usus. Batang pohon jati (Tectona grandis)  mengandung pigmen pewarna alami seperti beta karoten dan turunan antosianin yang mampu memberikan warna merah, biru, orange, atau keunguan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan rendaman batang pohon jati (Tectona grandis) sebagai pewarna alami pengganti Eosin untuk mewarnai telur cacing usus ((Soil Transmitted helmint). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen dengan perlakuan batang pohon jati direndam selama 24 jam dalam alkohol 96% dan Eosin sebagai kontrol positif. Kemudian perlakuan digunakan untuk memeriksa feses yang diberi darah dan tanpa diberi darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa batang pohon jati yang direndam selama 24 jam dapat dijadikan alternatif pengganti reagen Eosin 2% untuk mewarnai telur cacing pada kedua sampel pemeriksaan (feses yang diberi darah dan tanpa darah). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa rendaman batang pohon jati dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami telur cacing.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Rendaman Daun Jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f) Dalam Mewarnai Stadium Telur Parasit STH (Soil Transmitted Helminth)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Puji Hastuti ◽  
Dwi Haryatmi
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale

Penyakit cacingan merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih banyak ditemukan di dunia, hampir 2 miliar orang terinfeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH). Cacing yang tergolong STH adalah Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura dan cacing tambang (Ancylostoma duodenale dan Necator americanus). Diagnosis penyakit cacingan ditegakkan dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis tinja yang ditunjang dengan pewarnaan. Eosin dan lugol selama ini digunakan sebagai pewarna pada pemeriksaan mikroskopis tinja. Daun jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f) mengandung senyawa antosianin yang dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan rendaman daun jati dalam mewarnai stadium telur parasit STH jika dibandingkan dengan pewarna eosin 2% dan lugol 2%. Metode pemeriksaan tinja yang digunakan adalah metode sedimentasi. Rendaman daun jati diperoleh dengan cara merendam daun jati dengan Etanol 96% dan HCl pekat selama 24 jam. Hasil pewarnaan menggunakan rendaman daun jati memberikan nilai efektif 100% pada telur Ascaris sp. dan Trichuris sp., dan memberikan nilai efektif 66,7% pada telur Hookworm. Berdasarkan perhitungan uji Chi-square dan tabel Fisher Exact dapat disimpulkan bahwa rendaman daun jati  memiliki kemampuan yang signifikan seperti eosin 2% dan lugol 2% dalam mewarnai stadium telur parasit STH.Kata Kunci : rendaman daun jati, telur STH, pewarna alternatif

EPIDEMIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND PREVALENCE OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS FROM KOSHI REGION OF NORTH BIHAR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI CHOUDHARY ◽  
PRABHAWATI PRABHAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes infections in apparently healthy school going children and other 528 people of different districts of Koshi regions of North Bihar were evaluated. Over all incidences of STHs infection was 39.39% during study. High incidence of STH was seen in the rainy season i.e., in the month of July and August, September, significantly higher (P<0.05) .The incidence of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest in the month of August (18.64%). The month of September was 15.25% followed by that of July (14.4%) and October with 10.16%. Also the incidence of hookworm registered the highest incidence in the month of June (19.27%) and lowest in the month of December (4.82%) during the study period. However prevalence of Trichuris trichiura was negligible and it was almost nil in the most of the months but was highest in month of September with 28.57% and lowest in October with 14.00% The climatic factors are responsible for soil transmitted helminthes which are temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancyclostomiasis (Hookworm infection) are found to be endemic in this region.

scholarly journals Avaliação da contaminação experimental de areias de praias por enteroparasitas: pesquisa de ovos de Helmintos

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Pereira da Silva ◽  
Mauro Célio de A. Marzochi ◽  
Elisabeth Cardoso Leal dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura

Procurou-se avaliar métodos e soluções tradicionalmente utilizados na evidenciação de ovos de helmintos parásitos, de fezes ou do solo, em amostras de areia de praia experimentalmente contaminadas com ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Toxocara canis e Ancylostoma sp. Das soluções classicamente utilizadas, a de Dicromato de Sódio (d= 1,350) foi a que apresentou melhores resultados (índice de recuperação = 50%) para ovos de Ascaris, em 24 horas de observação. As duas soluções propostas: Carbonato de Sódio (d= 1,040) e Detergente aniônico sintético - Sulfonato de Sódio (d= 1,040), apresentaram índices de recuperação surpreendentes, superiores a 80% para os ovos de Ascaris, em 24 horas de observação. Conclui-se que o detergente de uso doméstico, pelo seu baixo custo e facilidade de aquisição, pode ser usado na avaliação de rotina da contaminação de areias de praias pelos ovos de enteroparasitos, importantes indicadores de contaminação fecal, necessários a um adequado monitoramento sanitário do meio.

scholarly journals Um estudo sôbre a eosinofilia nas helmintoses

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy Gomes de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale

1 - Foram examinadas as fezes de 2.666 indivíduos, operários e funcionários de duas Emprésas industriais, situadas, uma na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e outra no Estado do Rio (Brasil); 2 - Dos 2.666 indivíduos, 1941 (72.80%) estavam parasitados por um ou mais helmintos e 725 (27,20%) tinham seus exames de fezes negativos; 3 - De cada um dos 2.666 indivíduos foi feito um hemograma completo, tendo sido aproveitada a taxa de eosinófilos que, em associação com os exames de fezes, constituiu o objeto principal dêste trabalho. 4 - Na Tabela A observa-se o número de vêzes em que cada um dos vermes foi observado e seus respectivos percentuais. Embora não seja um trabalho de epidemiologia, verifica-se que 46,81% são infestados pelo Trichuris trichiura; 23,85% pelo Strongyloides stercoralis; 22,46% pelo Necator americanus e/ou Ancylostoma duodenale; 20,51% pelo Ascaris lumbricóides; 1,65% pelo Schistosoma mansoni; 0.67% pelo Enterobius vermicularis; 0,26% por Taenia solium ou T. saginata e 0,11% por Hymenolepis nana; 5 - Os exames de fezes foram feitos pelos métodos de Faust (ou de Ritchie), de Willis, de Baermann e de sedimentação; 6 - A eosinofilia anotada foi a relativa ou em seu percentual, sendo considerada hipereosinofilia uma taxa de eosinófilos igual ou superior a 5% (Eo > 5%); 7 - Foram abordados de modo conciso os fatores que provocam oscilações na eosinofilia normal tais como a idade, a raça, as horas do nictêmero, os fatores físicos, o sexo, os fatores químicos e outros; 8 - Tratou-se de modo mais extenso das diferenças entre as hipereosinofilias parasitárias e não parasitárias, tendo sido focalizada a dinâmica da eosinofilia traduzida na curva de Lavier. 9 - A distribuição dos 2.666 casos foi feita pelos diferentes graus de eosinofilia, tendo sido levantados gráficos e traçadas curvas sôbre a distribuição de cada helminto e de suas associações. 10 - Por ser necessário à explanação do assunto, foi criado o "índice eosinofilico", o qual corresponde à relação entre o número de casos de um determinado grupo com Eo > 5% e Eo < 5%. Para o total de casos positivos, ao "índice eosinofílico" denominamos "índice eosinofílico médio" em para o total dos negativos "índice eosinofílico residual"; 11 - Estabelecendo-se o "índice eosinofílico", pode-se ajuizar a capacidade eosinofilogênica de cada helminto isoladamente, bem como a de suas associações; 12 - Atenção especial foi dada aos problemas da existência da hipereosinofilia nos casos com exames coprológicos negativos para helmintos, tendo-se passado em revista vários dos aspectos biológicos que o assunto comporta; 13 - Outra questão de grande importância clínica explanada neste trabalho é a do encontro de casos de parasitismo por vermes, sem hipereosinofilia. O autor, baseado em seus dados e em outros colhidos na literatura sôbre o assunto, discute a fisiopatologia da eosinopoiese nas helmintoses e ojerece uma interpretação para êste fato ainda não defintivamente esclarecido.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Simarmata ◽  
Tiangsa Sembiring ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in developing countries. Their prevalence is particularly high in rural areas with people of low socioeconomic level. A single or mixed STH infection rarely causes death, but can affect nutritional status, growth, cognitive development and human health, especially in children.Objective To compare the nutritional status of STH-infected and uninfected children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2010 in children from 3 primary schools in the Simpang Empat and Kabanjahe Subdistricts, Karo District, North Sumatera Province. Fecal examinations were done by the Kato-Katz method to diagnose STH infections. Participants of this study consisted of 140 infected children and 141 uninfected children. Nutritional status classification was based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. All categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Of 140 infected children, 8.6% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.1% with Trichuris trichiura and 74.3% with mixed infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). We found significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also found significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity.Conclusion We find significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also find significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity. Higher severity of infection is associated with lower nutritional status.

scholarly journals Risk factors of soil transmitted helminth infection among primary school students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
I Gede Gita Sastrawan ◽  
Jordaniel Setiabudi ◽  
Ni Putu Sanjiwani ◽  
Ni Komang Indriyani ◽  
Dewa Ayu Laksemi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated

Latar belakang: Infeksi kronis dari soil transmitted helminth (STH) dapat menyebabkan gangguan gizi, pertumbuhan dan kognitif pada anak. Untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi STH, diperlukan identifikasi faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH pada siswa sekolah dasar di Desa Seraya Timur, Karangasem, Bali. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mengambil total sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020. Data primer mengenai faktor-faktor risiko infeksi STH dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Diagnosis infeksi STH dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan tinja dengan metode Kato-Katz. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Hasil: Sebanyak 83 siswa yang berusia 6-12 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 9 siswa (10.84%) yang terinfeksi STH dengan intensitas infeksi ringan. Sebanyak 55.56% terinfeksi Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides dan 11.11% terinfeksi cacing tambang. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan infeksi STH diantaranya adalah sering bermain tanah (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), bermain tanpa alas kaki (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278) tidak mencuci tangan setelah bermain tanah (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) dan tidak memotong kuku secara rutin (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388).  Pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan mampu memberikan efek proteksi terhadap infeksi STH (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Kesimpulan: Kebersihan diri menjadi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan promosi kesehatan terkait kebersihan diri disamping pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan. Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, infeksi STH, anak sekolah dasar   Abstract   Background: Chronic soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection might cause nutritional, growth and cognitive impairment in children. Identifying the risk factors of STH infection is crucially needed to minimize the infection effects. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with STH infections among primary school students in Seraya Timur Village, Karangasem, Bali. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. The study was conducted in January 2020. Risk factors data were collected using a questionnaire. The diagnosis of STH infection was done by stool examination with the Kato-Katz method. The chi-square test was used to determine the risk factors associated with STH infection. Results: 83 students with ages ranging from 6-12 years participated in this study. There were 9 students (10.84%) whose infected with mild infection of STH. 55.56% of students were infected by Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% were Ascaris lumbricoides infections and 11.11% were hookworm infections. There were several risk factors that significantly associated with STH infection including ground’s playing (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), barefoot (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278), did not wash hands after playing soil (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) and did not routinely cut their nails (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388). Deworming every six months could provide a protective effect against STH infection (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Conclusion: Personal hygiene is a risk factor associated with STH infection. It is recommended to increase personal hygiene promotion besides dewormed every six months. Keywords: Risk factors, STH infection, primary school students

scholarly journals Enteroparasitoses em gestantes e puérperas no Rio de Janeiro

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lêda Maria da Costa Macedo ◽  
Luis Rey
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura

A prevalência de parasitoses intestinais foi determinada em 795 mulheres distribuídas em grupos de 490 gestantes, 201 não-gestantes (controle) e 104 puérperas, no período de novembro de 1989 a maio de 1991, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Exames coproparasitológicos foram realizados pelos métodos de Sedimentação por Centrifugação, Faust, Kato-Katz e Baermann-Moraes. A prevalência de enteroparasitoses entre os grupos de gestantes (37,6%) e o grupo-controle (38,3%) pelo método de sedimentação por centrifugação foi praticamente igual, apesar de estar o primeiro grupo regularmente assistido por serviços especializados de saúde. Ascaris lumbricoides e Trichuris trichiura foram os parasitos mais freqüentes (em torno de 30,0%). Quando métodos mais específicos foram aplicados em 168 amostras de gestantes, o percentual foi elevado para 53,6%. Houve diferença estatística significativa entre a taxa de gestantes e puérperas (69,2%). Estes achados mostram a pouca atenção dispensada a estas infecções durante a gestação, não obstante relatos anteriores das possíveis repercussões para o feto e o recém-nascido.

scholarly journals Ovos de helmintos em superfícies de portas de banheiros de uma instituição pública de ensino superior

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Tiago Paixão Ribeiro de Sousa ◽  
Maylane Tavares Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Naelson Railson de Sousa Gomes ◽  
Camilla Cristina de Oliveira Andrade Silveira ◽  
Auan Rangel Oliveira de Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis

Na maioria dos países em desenvolvimento as parasitoses intestinais configuram um importante problema de saúde pública, uma vez que um grande número de indivíduos se encontram parasitados, não realizam tratamento e continuam como portadores. A infecção por helmintos está diretamente relacionada às formas de transmissão e à fácil disseminação de seus ovos pelo ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar a presença de ovos de helmintos em superfícies de portas de banheiros dos centros de ensino da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Foram coletadas amostras de 68 banheiros, masculinos e femininos, com auxílio da técnica de Graham (1941), adaptada para superfícies de objetos, onde as fitas foram colocadas nos trincos das portas dos banheiros, fixadas em lâminas de vidro, previamente identificadas, e levadas ao Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia da UFPI, para análise. As leituras foram realizadas sob microscopia óptica nas objetivas de 10x e 40x. Os resultados revelaram que das 68 lâminas analisadas, 13 (19.1%) estavam positivas para ovos dos helmintos Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura e Ancylostoma sp. Concluiu-se que existem ovos de parasitos de fácil disseminação e contaminação na superfície de portas de banheiros dos centros de ensino da UFPI, com maior prevalência nos femininos. Pode-se afirmar que a técnica da fita adesiva foi um método muito importante na detecção desses helmintos, podendo ser empregada com esta finalidade em novos trabalhos.

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