scholarly journals Determining Image Opacity in Broiler Respiratory Radiographic Using ImageJ and Ansel Adam’s Zone System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikhwan Wirahadikesuma ◽  
Koekoeh Santoso ◽  
Hera Maheshwari ◽  
Akhiruddin Maddu
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Imagej Software

The diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory, lung, and air sacs generally uses radiographic images by radiologists. Therefore, the results are very subjective, causing differences in the interpretation and diagnosis among different radiologists. A radiographic image reading needs to be made in the form of a simple, fast, and accurate algorithm. The study aimed to reduce subjectivity and be easily carried out by radiology medical personnel, especially veterinarians. This study carried out density measurements by image processing using ImageJ software on 14 radiographic images of broiler chickens. Furthermore, the density value is associated with the Ansel Adam's - grayscale system to determine the opacity of respiratory tract tissues/organs, which were previously inhaled by one of them with chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles using a nebulizer. The results of density measurements for the category of opacity in radiographic images are that seven spot areas lead brighter (radiopaque) only in chickens that are inhaled mist maker of chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles. Then the determination of the value range is obtained average value on two ventrodorsal radiographic images, which are inhaled by mist maker of chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticle compressor. The conclusion of this study was only in chickens that were infested with mist maker chitosan-iopamidol, whose radiographic image had a radiopaque spot and middle-value area. 

Spectrophotometric Determination of Raceophenidol in Feed at Very Low Levels

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-755
Author(s):  
Edward L Pratt ◽  
Morris E Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Concentration Levels

Abstract Raceophenidol in feed at concentration levels intended for growth promotion of poultry can be estimated by a curvature inversion measurement related to the ultraviolet spectrum of derived p-methylsulfonylbenzaldehyde. The drug can be accurately measured at the 0.0005% level. Collaborative studies on the method showed an average value of 94 ± 10% of claim. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.

scholarly journals Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion by using the phonetic vowel "O" and "E"

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Igic ◽  
Nebojsa Krunic ◽  
Ljiljana Aleksov ◽  
Milena Kostic ◽  
Aleksandra Igic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. The vertical dimension of occlusion is a very important parameter for proper reconstruction of the relationship between the jaws. The literature describes many methods for its finding, from the simple, easily applicable clinically, to quite complicated, with the use of one or more devices for determination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of determining the vertical dimension of occlusion using the vocals ?O? and ?E? with the control of values o btained by applying cognitive functions. Methods. This investigation was performed with the two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 50 females and 50 males, aged 18 to 30 years. In this group the distance between the reference points (on top of the nose and chin) was measured in the position of the mandible in the vertical dimension of occlusion, the vertical dimension at rest and the pronunciation of the words ?OLO? and ?ELE?. Checking the correctness of the particular value for the word ?OLO? was also performed by the phonetic method with the application of cognitive exercises when the patients counted from 89 to 80. The obtained difference in the average values i n determining the vertical dimension of occlusion and the ?OLO? and ?ELE? in the first group was used as the reference for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion in the second group of patients. The second group comprised of 31 edentulous persons (14 females and 17 males), aged from 54 to 85 years who had been made a complete denture. Results. The average value obtained for the vertical dimension of rest for the entire sample was 2.16 mm, for the word ?OLO? for the entire sample was 5.51 mm and for the word ?ELE? for the entire sample was 7.47 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders for the value of the vertical dimension at rest, ?ELE? and ?OLO?. There was a statistically significant difference between the values f or the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE? for both genders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the value for the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE?, for both groups of subjects. Conclusion. Determining the vertical dimension of occlusion requires 5.5 mm subtraction from the position of the mandible in pronunciation of the word ?OLO? or 7.5 mm in pronunciation of the word ?ELE?.

Determination of Fracture Toughness and K-R Curve for 2524-T3 Aluminum Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1039-1042
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Shao Wei Tu ◽  
Qi Qing Huang ◽  
Ya Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Average Value

In the present work, the resistance to crack extension of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy under Mode I loading was studied by using the middle-cracked tension M (T) specimens. The curve, plane-stress fracture toughness and apparent plane-stress fracture toughness were calculated by test data. The average value of measured fracture toughness at room temperature was 161 MPam1/2. The results and conclusions can be referred in airplane skin design.

DETERMINATION OF THE REPULSIVE FORCE OF A THICK HIGH-COERCIVE PERMANENT MAGNETS IN THE AXIAL BEARING OF A VERTICAL PUMP

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Krasil’nikov ◽  
A. A. Krasil’nikov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Magnetic System ◽  
Repulsive Force ◽  
Cobalt Alloy ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
Repulsive Forces ◽  
North And South

The article considers the possibility of applying a standard method for calculating the repulsive force for a thick high-coercive permanent magnets from samarium-cobalt alloy in a magnetic system. The results of the research allowed us to introduce correction coefficients in the method of calculating the repulsive force in a magnetic system with such magnets, depending on the air gap between of them. It is shown that the repulsive forces of the North poles of permanent magnets differ from the repulsive forces of the South poles. The research was carried out with magnets manufactured by different enterprises. When calculating the repulsive force, the average value of the repulsive force between the North and South poles of magnets is found.

Survey of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in cereal-based products by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Desmarchelier ◽  
W. Seefelder
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Cereal Samples

It is well known that cereal crops exposed to deoxynivalenol (DON) infection are capable of detoxifying this mycotoxin through the plant metabolism. In this context, one major pathway is the conjugation of DON to a glucose moiety giving rise to 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-deoxynivalenol (D3G). Though no longer toxic for plants, this metabolite may potentially be hydrolysed in the digestive tract of humans and animals, releasing thus the toxic precursor (DON). The co-occurrence of DON and D3G in cereal-based products has already been reported but data about their absolute and relative concentrations are still insufficient. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the significance of D3G, the quantitative determination of DON and D3G has been carried out in 22 cereal samples and 4 malt-based products collected from 9 countries by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS). DON was detected in all cereal samples (min: 3 µg/kg; max: 2,864 µg/kg; median: 176 µg/kg) but only in 1 malt-based product (16 µg/kg) whereas D3G was detected in 21 cereal samples (min: <1 µg/kg; max: 367 µg/kg; median: 19 µg/kg) and only in 1 malt-based product (6 µg/kg). The proportion of D3G in relation to DON concentration was within a 6-29% range with an average value at 12±7% in the tested samples.

scholarly journals Structure investigations of layered soil – varved clay

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matylda Tankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
Structure Investigations ◽  
Varved Clay

Abstract In the paper the results of laboratory investigations of structure of layered soil are presented. They focus on varved clay that is a soil composed of two alternately arranged varves with different texture and mechanical properties. An effect of such structure is an anisotropy of the material. Due to varying conditions during its formation process the soil exhibits some irregularities in composition and structure. Due to that modelling of mechanical behavior, like strength, may not provide satisfactory results. Main purpose of the examinations is an investigation of internal structure of layered soil – varved clay – in relation to its strength anisotropy and evaluation of the suitability of the use of two different techniques to assess the soil structure. Investigated material have been taken from area near city of Bełchatów in central Poland. The examinations included investigation of particle size distribution of soil and its components, identification of lamination with use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computed microtomography technique (μCT). First, the texture of each varve and varved clay as a composite have been estimated. Next, the investigation of surface perpendicular to the lamination have been carried out with SEM. Pictures of varves with different magnifications are presented. Also the varves arrangement and details of layers contact area are shown. Finally, investigation of internal structure of the soil have been performed by using microtomograph. The outcome is a series of radiographic images and reconstructed 3D model of tested soil. Presented results show complexity of the structure of varved clay that affect the mechanical behavior. Determination of the structure with use of presented techniques may be helpful in examination of strength properties and proper modeling of such soil.

scholarly journals Determination of the melting temperature, heat of fusion, and purity analysis of different samples of zidovudine (AZT) using DSC

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Antunes Souza Araújo ◽  
Marília dos Santos Bezerra ◽  
Sílvia Storpirtis ◽  
Jivaldo do Rosário Matos
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Purity Analysis ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Chemical Purity ◽  
Dsc Curves ◽  
States Pharmacopeia

The determination of chemical purity, melting range, and variation of enthalpy in the process of characterizing medicines is one of the principal requirements evaluated in quality control of the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the method of purity determination using DSC was outlined, as well as the application of this technique for the evaluation of commercial samples of zidovudine (AZT) (raw material) supplied by different laboratories. To this end, samples from six different laboratories (A, B, C, D, E, and F) and the standard reference (R) from the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) were analyzed. The DSC curves were obtained in the temperature range of 25 to 200 ºC under the dynamic atmosphere of N2 (50 mL min-1), heating rate of β=2 ºC min-1, using an Al capsule containing approximately 2 mg of sample material. The results demonstrated that the standard reference presented a proportion of 99.83% whereas the AZT samples presented a variation ranging from 97.59 to 99.54%. In addition, the standard reference was found to present a temperature of onset of melting point of 122.80 °C. Regarding the samples of active agents provided by the different laboratories, a variation ranging from 118.70 to 122.87 °C was measured. In terms of ΔHm, the samples presented an average value of 31.12 kJ mol-1.

scholarly journals Experimental determination of the pharmacokinetic properties of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole combination in the blood serum of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Putecova ◽  
K Nedbalcova ◽  
I Bartejsova ◽  
M Zouharova ◽  
K Matiaskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
Medicinal Substances

A rapid, simple and highly efficient analytical method for the targeted determination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in serum samples has been developed and used to measure the pharmacokinetic curve of these medicinal substances after administration to chicken broilers. The pharmacokinetics properties of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were investigated in clinically healthy broiler chickens after the single oral administration of the commercial preparation Methoxasol (Eurovet Animal Health, B.V., The Netherlands) at a dose of 0.275 ml/kg b.w. After a single dose drug administration, the chickens were sacrificed by decapitation under general anaesthesia by Isoflurin 1 000 mg/g (Vetpharma AH, Spain) and the blood was collected at precisely defined intervals: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360 and 720 min after the administration. The serum concentrations of amoxicillin were determined using Q Exactive tandem mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) in conjunction with liquid chromatography. The detected pharmacokinetic parameters of trimethoprim after the oral administration were C<sub>max</sub> = 2.1 ± 1.0 µg/ml; T<sub>max</sub> = 1.5 h; t<sub>½</sub> = 0.88 h; k<sub>el</sub> = 0.009 3 ± 0.001 1 1/h; AUC<sub>t</sub> = 2.901 ± 1.4 µg.h/ml; AUC<sub>∞</sub> = 2.907 ± 1.5 µg.h/ml; V<sub>d</sub> = 2.632 l/kg; Cl = 2.7 l/h. The pharmacokinetic parameters of sulfamethoxazole after the oral administration were C<sub>max</sub> = 47.1 ± 15.3 µg/ml; T<sub>max</sub> = 1 h; t<sub>½</sub> = 1.92 h; k<sub>el</sub> = 0.004 6 ± 0.000 3 1/h; AUC<sub>t</sub> = 89.676 ± 26.9 µg.h/ml; AUC<sub>∞</sub> = 94.612 ± 28.4 µg.h/ml; V<sub>d</sub> = 0.584 l/kg; Cl = 0.21 l/h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pharmacokinetic study of the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Zinc and copper content in soil and plant during different vegetation periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Shiryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Calculated Average

Important biogenic elements of plants are zinc and copper, which come into them from the soil in the form of cations. Plants selectively absorb the elements they need in accordance with physiological and biochemical needs, as well as the characteristics of their vegetation. Copper and zinc are part of the enzymes that are necessary for the normal course of many biochemical reactions. Lack or excess of any chemical element causes a violation of the normal course of biochemical and physiological processes in plants. The paper presents the results of the study of zinc and copper content in the soil, as well as in the above-ground and underground organs of the studied plant object. Quantitative determination of zinc and copper was carried out on an atomic absorption spectrometer. As an object of study, a flower plant of the Gentian family (lat. Gentianáceae), genus Eustoma (lat. Eustoma), grade Aube Pink Picotee. Vegetation experiments were carried out on the basis of LLC "Greenhouse "Iceberg". According to the data, the content of zinc and copper in the organs of the studied plant decreases in a number of root – aboveground part – flower. In different periods of vegetation there is a different accumulation of copper and zinc in the aboveground and underground organs. The root of this plant performs a barrier function, blocking the flow of copper into the plant from the soil at 27 weeks of development. In this case, the zinc content in the root of the plant during this period increases significantly, but this figure in the above-ground part of the plant varies slightly. According to the calculated average value of the biological absorption coefficient, it can be seen that the accumulation of zinc in the plant occurs to a greater extent than the accumulation of copper.

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