scholarly journals Uji Patogenesitas Oospora Peronospora manshurica Asal Kedelai Impor pada Tiga Kultivar Kedelai

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ani Ardiana Susanti ◽  
Marlina Marlina ◽  
Husda Marwan ◽  
Mapegau Mapegau
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Class I ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

Downy mildew in soybean plants is caused by the fungus Peronosporamanshurica. This fungus is an obligate parasite and its existence in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the pathogenicity of the fungus P. manshurica carried on imported seeds of soybeans from Malaysia. The Oospora from imported soybean seeds from the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center was tested for its pathogenicity on soybean cultivars Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis in the greenhouses of the Jambi Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center. This test used a completely randomized design (CRD), using 4 treatments; 3 superior soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis),and 1 imported soybean cultivar. Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units and each experimental unit consisted of 5 plants so that the total number was 120 plants. The results showed that the pathogenicity of the Oospore ofP.manshurica from imported soybean seeds still caused downy disease in the three soybean cultivars tested. There was no difference in the incubation period of downy mildew caused by the Oospora ofP.manshurica on Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis cultivars, which were 5.5, 8.0, and 7.0 days after inoculation, respectively. The highest disease severity was found in the Anjasmoro cultivar (8.91%) and the lowest was in the Wilis cultivar (2.66%), but it was not different from the disease severity in the Grobagan cultivar (4.28%).

scholarly journals Resistensi Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah Terhadap Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hekmawati Hekmawati ◽  
Susilo Hambeg Poromarto ◽  
Salim Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>Shallot is an important vegetable because it is needed for seasoning and beneficial for health. One of the problems in shallot cultivation is the decrease in productivity due to <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> attack that caused anthracnose disease. The use of resistant varieties is a solution to control <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> which is safe and doesn't cause environmental damage. Shallot consists of many varieties, but their resistance level remains unknown. The research aimed to test the resistance of some varieties of shallots to <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>. Shallots varieties tested are Tajuk, Bauji, Bima Curut, Bima Rajat, Bali Lancur and Bali Karet. The research used a one-factor completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 5 replications. The results of the research showed that Tajuk, Bima Curut, Bali Lancur and Bali Karet varieties were highly susceptible due to disease severity of more than 71%, have a faster incubation period of anthracnose, high disease incidence and a significant decrease in tuber. Bauji and Bima Rajat varieties are classified as susceptible varieties due to disease severity of 64% but have a longer incubation period of anthracnose, higher number of tubers, higher fresh and dry weight of tubers and lower reduction in the number and weight of tubers.</p>

Physiological quality of conventional soybean cultivars of seeds as a function of pod position in plant canopy

2020 ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Tiago Rodrigues Souza ◽  
Marcos Eduardo Viana Araujo ◽  
Itamar Rosa Teixeira ◽  
Marina Costa Guerrero ◽  
Sebastião Pedro Silva Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Habits

Soybean cultivars have different growth habits, and the cultivation of those of indeterminate habit has increased significantly in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds produced in two harvests, from cultivars with different growth habits and ripening cycles, harvested in different canopy thirds of the plant in the canopy. The seeds were produced in Ipameri, Goiás –Brazil, in two crop harvests, 2014/15 and 2015/16. A completely randomized design was used in a 4x3 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments consisted of four soybean cultivars with different growth habits and ripening cycles (BRS 6780, BRS 6980, BRS 7980 and BRS 8381), harvested in three positions of the plant canopy (upper, middle and lower). Germination, first count, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests were performed. It was observed that the physiological quality of genetic materials studied was influenced by the variable environmental conditions. Soybean cultivars the early cycles produced seeds of superior physiological quality, regardless of plant growth habit. Seeds of soybean cultivars of indeterminate and determined growth habits and earlier cycle, harvested from the upper and middle thirds of the plant, are of better quality. Finally, cultivars with semi-determined and determined habits and late cycles will produce lower quality batches of seeds, regardless of which third of the plant they were harvested.

scholarly journals Effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth under warm farrowing room temperatures on piglet rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D Vande Pol ◽  
Andres F Tolosa ◽  
Caleb M Shull ◽  
Catherine B Brown ◽  
Stephan A S Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Piglets experience a decline in body temperature immediately after birth, and both drying and warming piglets at birth reduces this. However, these interventions may have less effective at higher farrowing room temperatures. This study was carried out at a commercial facility to compare the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on postnatal rectal temperature (RT) under relatively warm farrowing room temperatures (26.6 ± 2.09°C). Forty-five sows/litters were used in a completely randomized design to compare three Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no treatment); Warming (piglets placed in a plastic box under a heat lamp for 30 min); Drying+Warming (piglets dried with desiccant and warmed as above). Temperatures in the warming boxes over the study period averaged 37.7 ± 2.75°C. At birth, piglets were weighed; RT temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1440 min after birth. Blood samples were collected at 24 h after birth from a subsample of one piglet from each birth weight quartile within each litter to measure plasma immunocrit concentration. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with litter as the experimental unit; and piglet a subsample of litter. The model for analysis of piglet rectal temperature included fixed effects of treatment, measurement time (repeated measure), the interaction, and the random effect of sow. Compared to the Control, piglet RT were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Warming treatment between 10 and 60 min, and higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment between 10 and 120 min after birth. Rectal temperatures were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Warming treatment between 20 and 120 min. Responses to drying and/or warming were greater for low birth weight piglets (&lt; 1.0 kg) than heavier littermates, but were generally less than observed in previous experiments with similar treatments carried out under cooler temperatures. Piglet immunocrit values were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment compared to the other treatments, which were similar (P &gt; 0.05). Immunocrit values tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for light (&lt; 1.0 kg) compared to heavier birth weight piglets. In conclusion, drying and warming piglets at birth was more effective for reducing piglet RT decline after birth than warming alone, though the effect was less than observed in previous studies carried out under cooler farrowing room temperatures.

scholarly journals Seed treatment for management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriely Alves de Almeida ◽  
Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña ◽  
Débora Cristina Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredient abamectin, either in isolation or in combination with fungicides and insecticides formulated for the industrial seed treatment, on the population of Meloidogyne javanica, tested under greenhouse and in vitro conditions. In both tests, the combination of the following treatments was assessed: abamectin; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. Water was used as control for the in vitro assay, whereas under greenhouse conditions, controls were inoculated and not inoculated with M. javanica. The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with six (in vitro) and ten (greenhouse) replicates. For in vitro studies the effect on hatching, motility, and mortality of juveniles of M. javanica was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the soybean ‘BRS 133’ seeds were treated, and at 15, 30, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) with M. javanica, plant measurements were recorded. The penetration of second stage juveniles (J2) was also evaluated at 15 DAI. At 30 DAI, galls, egg masses, nematodes/g of root, and final population were evaluated. At 60 DAI, the final population of nematodes in the roots was quantified. The treatments containing abamectin were the most effective in diminishing the hatching of juveniles. All treatments had an effect on nematode motility when compared to the control, and in the treatment containing only abamectin, total juvenile mortality was observed. In greenhouse conditions, at 15 DAI, the treated soybean plants had the highest root mass and shoot length, differing statistically from the inoculated control. All treatments reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root, differing from the control. At 30 DAI, treatment efficiency was observed in reducing the final population of M. javanica, particularly the treatments using abamectin, and abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. However, at 60 DAI, the effect of the treatments on the population of M. javanica did not persist.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Dias ◽  
S.J.P. Carvalho ◽  
L.W. Marcolini ◽  
M.S.C. Melo ◽  
P.J. Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

scholarly journals Broccoli yield in response to top-dressing fertilization with green manure and biofertilizer

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas ◽  
Márcio Sousa Rocha ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Letícia Monteiro da Silva Freitas ◽  
Leandro de Almeida Resende
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Compost

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of broccoli under different top-dressing organic fertilizations. The experiment was conducted under protected cultivation, in a completely randomized design with four replications, with two plants per experimental unit. Broccoli seedlings were produced in a commercial substrate in styrofoam trays. The seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing 10.0 L of substrate made up of subsoil and organic compost at the ratio of 3:1 (v/v), respectively, which is equivalent to about 20.0 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting. After seedling establishment, the top-dressing fertilization treatments were applied: gliricidia biomass associated or not with liquid biofertilizer of cattle manure to the soil and bokashi. Two control treatments were established: one with mineral fertilization recommended for the crop and the other without top-dressing fertilization. The broccoli production was evaluated (commercial standard). Plants that received mineral fertilizer were more productive, however, they were not significantly different (p>0.05), by Dunnet test, from the plants fertilized with 2.5 t ha-1 gliricidiabiomass (dry mass) associated with liquid biofertilizer (2.0 L m-2) applied to soil. Top-dressing fertilizations with only gliricidia, at 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 of biomass (dry mass), resulted in no significant increase in production of broccoli inflorescence. The use of bokashi in addition to gliricidia biomass and liquid biofertilizer reduced the efficiency of the fertilization compared with plants that received only gliricidia and liquid biofertilizer.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rhizobium japonicum on the Growth of Soybean Cultivars in Coastal Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Okti Purwaningsih ◽  
C. Tri Kusumastuti ◽  
Y. Sulistyo Nugroho ◽  
Casper Yoda Morib
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Soybean Plants

The natural resources of the coastal area in Indonesia have the potential to be developed as an agricultural land with the support of both cultivation technology and land processing,  which one of them was done by using Rhizobium japonicum bacteria to meet the need of nitrogen in the soybean plants. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of nitrogen fixation in various soybean cultivars planted in the coastal area. The research was conducted in Mancingan, Parangtritis, Kretek, Bantul, DIY. The study was designed in Completely Randomized Design which consisted of two factors and was repeated three times. Factor I was Rhizobium japonicum inoculation (with inoculation and without inoculation); factor II was 10 various cultivars of soybean (Grobogan, Burangrang, Argomulyo, Anjasmara, Dena 1, Gema, Kaba, Wilis, Sinabung, Gepak Kuning). The results showed that the inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum in soybean cultivars in a coastal area could increase the number of root nodule, dry weight of root nodule, dry seed weight per plant, and harvest index. Burangrang cultivar planted in the coastal area was the most responsive to Rhizobium japonicum inoculation among other soybean cultivars tested.

scholarly journals Semi purified glycerins in growing and finishing pigs feeding (30-90 kg)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Maria Piano Gonçalves ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Juliana Beatriz Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Performance Results

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and to evaluate the performance and carcass traits in the growing-finishing pigs fed on two types of semipurified glycerin, which were made from vegetable oil (SPGV) and mixed of animal + vegetable oil (SPGM). In the digestibility trial (experiment I) 32 crossbreed barrows were used with initial body weight of 45.08 ± 4.11kg. It were used three levels of inclusion (6, 12 e 18%) of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) in the basal diet. The metabolizable energy (ME) value of glycerin were estimated by regression of ME (kcal/kg) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). The values of ME (kcal/kg) obtained were: 2,731 for SPGV and 2,210 for SPGM. In experiment II, 72 pigs (30.08 ± 1.65 to 60.58 ± 3.57) in growing and (60.83 ± 2.63 to 93.79 ± 5.72) in finishing phase, were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with two types of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGA), four inclusion levels (4; 8; 12 and 16%), eight experimental unit and a control diet containing no glycerin (0%). All pigs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass traits. The performance results suggest that it is feasible to use up to 16% of both semipurified glycerins on growing and finishing pigs feeding, without impairing performance and carcass traits.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN BEBERAPA JENIS BAHAN NUTRISI PADA MEDIA PERBANYAKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN VIRULENSI BEAUVERIA BASSIANA TERHADAP HAMA WALANG SANGIT

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Ni Siluh Putu Nuryanti ◽  
Lestari Wibowo ◽  
Abdul Azis
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Bug ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chitosan Powder

 A research was conducted to increase the virulence of Beauvaria bassiana to the rice bug, L.  acuta, by adding four different substances (materials) to the rice media to grow the fungus. The research was conducted from April to August 2011 at Polinela Laboratory, Bandar Lampung.  To do this a set of experimental unit consisting of five treatments and five replications were arranged in completely randomized design. The  four treatments were media made up of rice (rice based media) each given or added with four different materials such as rice skin powder, corn sugar, grasshopper powder and chitosan powder. The result showed that B. bassiana grown on rice media added with grasshopper powder or rice skin powder were able of causing mortality to the L. acuta as high as 78% and 71%, respectively, meaning that both mortalities were much higher than that of other replication. The virulence values of Beauveria bassiana  grown on those both powder were also higher than that of three others.

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