scholarly journals METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS FOR EMBEDDING DIGITAL WATERMARKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Igor Ruban ◽  
Nataliia Bolohova ◽  
Vitalii Martovytskyi ◽  
Roman Yaroshevych
Keyword(s):  
Global Network ◽  
Multimedia Traffic ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Current State ◽  
Invisible Watermarking ◽  
Watermark Method ◽  
Digital Watermarks ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Basic Concepts

In recent years, we have seen a significant increase in traffic moving across various networks and channels. The development of technology and global network leads to an increase in the amount of multimedia traffic. To authenticate and avoid abuse, data should be protected with watermarks. This paper discusses various robust and invisible watermarking methods in the spatial domain and the transform domain. The basic concepts of digital watermarks, important characteristics and areas of application of watermarks are considered in detail. The paper also presents the most important criteria for assessing the digital watermark effectiveness. Based on the analysis of the current state of the digital watermarking methods, robustness, imperceptibility, security and payload have been determined as the main factors in most scientific works. Moreover, researchers use different methods to improve / balance these factors to create an effective watermarking system. Our research identified the main factors and new techniques used in modern research. And the assessment of watermark method effectiveness was proposed.

scholarly journals New Methods for Assessing Rapid Changes in Suicide Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Ballard ◽  
Jessica R. Gilbert ◽  
Christina Wusinich ◽  
Carlos A. Zarate
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Current State ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Assessment Strategies ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Rapid-acting interventions for the suicide crisis have the potential to transform treatment. In addition, recent innovations in suicide research methods may similarly expand our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This review discusses the limitations and challenges associated with current methods of suicide risk assessment and presents new techniques currently being developed to measure rapid changes in suicidal thoughts and behavior. These novel assessment strategies include ecological momentary assessment, digital phenotyping, cognitive and implicit bias metrics, and neuroimaging paradigms and analysis methodologies to identify neural circuits associated with suicide risk. This review is intended to both describe the current state of our ability to assess rapid changes in suicide risk as well as to explore future directions for clinical, neurobiological, and computational markers research in suicide-focused clinical trials.

Millimeterwave and Submillimeterwave Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of Observational Astronomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna L. Widicus Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Far Infrared ◽  
Rotational Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Observational Astronomy ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Current State ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Ir Astronomy

The recent advancements in far-infrared (far-IR) astronomy brought about by the Herschel, SOFIA, and ALMA observatories have led to technological advancements in millimeterwave and submillimeterwave laboratory spectroscopy that is used to support molecular observations. This review gives an overview of rotational spectroscopy and its relationship with observational astronomy, as well as an overview of laboratory spectroscopic techniques focusing on both historical approaches and new advancements. Additional topics discussed include production and detection techniques for unstable molecular species of astrochemical interest, data analysis approaches that address spectral complexity and line confusion, and the current state of and limitations to spectral line databases. Potential areas for new developments in this field are also reviewed. To advance the field, the following challenges must be addressed: ▪ Data acquisition speed, spectral sensitivity, and analysis approaches for complex mixtures and broadband spectra are the greatest limitations—and hold the greatest promise for advancement—in this field of research. ▪ Full science return from far-IR observatories cannot be realized until laboratory spectroscopy catches up with the data rate for observations. ▪ New techniques building on those used in the microwave and IR regimes are required to fill the terahertz gap.

scholarly journals Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Hettinga ◽  
Robert Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccination Site ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Chemical Enhancers ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Opening Up

In 2019, an ‘influenza pandemic’ and ‘vaccine hesitancy’ were listed as two of the top 10 challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its immune-rich milieu, which is evolutionarily primed to respond to challenge, and its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccination into this dermal compartment offers a way of addressing both of the challenges presented by the WHO, as well as opening up avenues for novel vaccine formulation and dose-sparing strategies to enter the clinic. This review will provide an overview of the diverse range of vaccination techniques available to target the dermal compartment, as well as their current state, challenges, and prospects, and touch upon the formulations that have been developed to maximally benefit from these new techniques. These include needle and syringe techniques, microneedles, DNA tattooing, jet and ballistic delivery, and skin permeabilization techniques, including thermal ablation, chemical enhancers, ablation, electroporation, iontophoresis, and sonophoresis.

Consumer rights Protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Шувалова ◽  
Irina Shuvalova
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Concepts And Categories ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Current State ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Basic Concepts

The manual was prepared based on the current state of legislation and practice. Taking into account recent changes in the rules of substantive and procedural law. The publication contains sample documents: claims, applications, complaints, petitions, writs, etc. on various issues in the field of consumer protection. The basic concepts and categories in the field of consumer protection, specific examples are given practical advice. The manual is intended for students, practitioners and anyone interested in the issues of protection of consumer rights.

scholarly journals BRECHT’S THEATER: GENRE DIVERSITY AND BASIC CONCEPTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Larysa Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Bertolt Brecht ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Alienation Effect ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Core

The article is devoted to the drama of Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956), the peculiarities of its genre palette and analysis of the main factors of the playwright's artistic method. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: descriptive; matching method; literary analysis and synthesis. The Brecht Theater is represented by genre varieties of theatrical forms: expressionist drama, musical, opera, operetta, Lehrstück, epic and dialectic theater. The article proves that dialectics is the ideological soil and the conceptual core of the Brecht Theater. The dialectic poetics of a playwright should be understood as the method of analysis and argumentation presented by the Hegelian triad: thesis – antithesis – synthesis. In accordance with the dialectical concept, the Brecht theater puts in the center primarily the principle of contradiction, aimed at a multifaceted understanding of phenomena, overcoming a frozen, ossified way of thinking. The study defines the key concepts and principles of creating the drama of Bertolt Brecht, namely the «alienation effect» (Verfremdungseffekt) and assemblage (composition). The principle of the «alienation effect» is that a familiar phenomenon appears in the theater from an unexpected perspective, and therefore requires awareness of the viewer’s novelty. The means of this is the constant violation of theatrical illusion, the reality of what is happening on stage. The assemblage stipulates that the theatrical action is not a homogeneous system, but is a «made», «constructed» plane of various heterogeneous «materials»: dialogical discourse is interrupted by lyro-epic components (songs); in the musical plan, which is designed in the same style, jazz elements are suddenly «mounted», actors exchange roles during the performance, elements of the cinema «penetrate» the event plane, the causal course of the events depicted is interrupted by the demonstration of banners or posters with provocative appeals. The prospects for further research are the literary analysis of post-Brecht theater, that is, drama, which appeared as an imitation or negation of the dramatic principles of Brecht's theater.

scholarly journals State policy of Chile to overcome crime

2016 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Liudmila Diakova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Current State ◽  
The People ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Perception Of Security

This article analyzes the current state policy of Chile to overcome crime. It is noted that the study of public opinion regarding the personal experience of the people, demonstrating the improvement of the security situation (public and private) for the last 10 years (since 2005). However, the respondents’ perception of security problems has become much more negative, which is associated with the general deterioration of these indicators in the region, as well as a keen attitude of Chilean society to social inequality, which is considered one of the main factors for the growth of crime. Special attention is given to special programs to ensure public safety, and various governmentalpractices of the fight against crime, including the interaction of the police with civil society organizations.

scholarly journals Municipalities and democracy in Chile: Are they complying with the 20,500 Law On Citizen Participation?

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Egon Montecinos ◽  
Patricio Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Current State ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Law ◽  
Municipal Level

This article describes and characterizes the current state of citizen participation at the municipal level in Chile, taking as reference the law 20.500. The objective is to identify the main factors that are influencing the dynamic disparate of implementation of the law, based on a study conducted in fifty-two municipalities. It is argued that there are municipalities that meet minimum participation standards, but in the great majority it has not been gravitating. Some reasons that would be influencing this dynamic, they are the low incentives of the law to incorporate citizen participation in municipal management, the excessive dependence on the political will of mayors to initiate it, the municipal financial precariousness to sustain it. The main conclusion is that the contributions of the law to municipal participatory democracy have been low, persisting a representative local democracy of low intensity and associated with exclusively procedural aspects.

scholarly journals Forgiveness Predictors and Trust in a Digital Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Meriem Laifa ◽  
Roya Imani Giglou ◽  
Akrouf Samir ◽  
Ramdane Maamri
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Significant Direct Effect

This article describes how interpersonal relationships structures and standards are evolving. By focusing on a social network context, this study examined different factors that can affect forgiveness decision of a victim of an online offense. In addition, it inspected whether the decrease of trust after an online-related offense can be affected by forgiveness. 323 participants took part in this study by completing a questionnaire that recorded different measurements. Structural equation modeling was used as the main technique for data analysis, and AMOS was used as a tool. Surprisingly, while empathy and commitment had no significant direct effect, results showed that the severity of the offense, its frequency and pretransgression trust are the main factors that influence forgiveness. Moreover, a victim's trust towards the transgressor decreased much more in the absence of forgiveness than in its presence. A valuable contribution of this article is in the prospect for related future research as well as the potential for applications that explore new techniques to facilitate forgiveness in the digital age.

Current state and future prospects of Islamic banking in Morocco: An empirical investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Abdelghani Echchabi ◽  
Hassanuddeen Abd. Aziz ◽  
Abdullah Mohammed Ayedh ◽  
Dhekra Azouzi ◽  
Osman Sayid Hassan Musse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

The purpose of the study is to review the current state of Islamic banking in Morocco, and to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of Islamic banking services in the country. Accordingly, a survey was conducted covering 400 respondents from most of the Moroccan regions, and data analysis was based on linear regression. The findings revealed that the main factors that influence the decision of the Moroccan customers to adopt Islamic banking services are relative advantage, compatibility and social influence. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the progress of Islamic banking in Morocco is faced by multiple legal and regulatory challenges.     

IoT to Support Active Learning in Engineering Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Abdellah Touhafi ◽  
Gianluca Cornetta
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Current State ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Remote Laboratories ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Support Engineering

Engineering education requires a rather difficult learning process, which aims at building the student's capacities in theoretical insights in science, project-oriented thinking and co-operation, experimental verification of basic concepts in specific labs, deductive and creative thinking, and multi-disciplinary engineering. Many education techniques to help in that learning process have been proposed in literature and have found their way into the daily learning process. Two very prominent active learning techniques used in engineering education are on one hand the virtual and remote laboratories and on the other hand the fab labs. The upcoming internet of things paradigm is now adding new possibilities to further enhance those two techniques to support engineering education. In this chapter, the authors introduce some of those possibilities, describe use cases, and draw some conclusions on the current state of research.

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