scholarly journals The novel and critical role of von Hippel-Lindau in nephron formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (S8) ◽  
pp. S319-S319
Author(s):  
Soyoung Park ◽  
So-mi Kang ◽  
Bum-Joon Park
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau

scholarly journals Shear stress augments mitochondrial ATP generation that triggers ATP release and Ca2+ signaling in vascular endothelial cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. H1477-H1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Yamamoto ◽  
Hiromi Imamura ◽  
Joji Ando
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Atp Generation

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) sense and transduce hemodynamic shear stress into intracellular biochemical signals, and Ca2+ signaling plays a critical role in this mechanotransduction, i.e., ECs release ATP in the caveolae in response to shear stress and, in turn, the released ATP activates P2 purinoceptors, which results in an influx into the cells of extracellular Ca2+. However, the mechanism by which the shear stress evokes ATP release remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that cellular mitochondria play a critical role in this process. Cultured human pulmonary artery ECs were exposed to controlled levels of shear stress in a flow-loading device, and changes in the mitochondrial ATP levels were examined by real-time imaging using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based ATP biosensor. Immediately upon exposure of the cells to flow, mitochondrial ATP levels increased, which was both reversible and dependent on the intensity of shear stress. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and ATP synthase as well as knockdown of caveolin-1, a major structural protein of the caveolae, abolished the shear stress-induced mitochondrial ATP generation, resulting in the loss of ATP release and influx of Ca2+ into the cells. These results suggest the novel role of mitochondria in transducing shear stress into ATP generation: ATP generation leads to ATP release in the caveolae, triggering purinergic Ca2+ signaling. Thus, exposure of ECs to shear stress seems to activate mitochondrial ATP generation through caveola- or caveolin-1-mediated mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanism of how vascular endothelial cells sense shear stress generated by blood flow and transduce it into functional responses remains unclear. Real-time imaging of mitochondrial ATP demonstrated the novel role of endothelial mitochondria as mechanosignaling organelles that are able to transduce shear stress into ATP generation, triggering ATP release and purinoceptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling within the cells.

Introduction: Religion and the Novel

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-33
Author(s):  
Christina Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Religion And Literature ◽  
Religious Other ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter introduces the topic of religion and literature, theorises the novel as a secular genre, and develops a concept of religion as the other in the Arabic novel. It begins with a discussion of the relationship between religion and literature, identifying imagination, metaphorical language and mythos as areas of overlap, before turning to the question of religion and the Arabic novel as a modern form which eschews faith and dogma but is nevertheless packed with religious themes, images, characters, language and intertextuality. This is accounted for by the form’s secularism, which is theorised in terms of Charles Taylor’s conditions of belief. Literary secularism is not static and stable however, thus religion emerges as the other in the Egyptian novel, with all the ambivalence which alterity characteristically entails. This religious other calls into question postcolonial studies’ over-valorisation of the East/West binary insofar as it has obscured the critical role of religion in Arab postcolonial literature and identity.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of GC-MSCs in the Gastric Cancer Microenvironment: From Tumor to Tumor Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoji Pan ◽  
Yiqing Tian ◽  
Guoping Niu ◽  
Chengsong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gastric Cancer Progression

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been declared to not only participate in wound repair but also affect tumor progression. Tumor-associated MSCs, directly existing in the tumor microenvironment, play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and development. And different tumor-derived MSCs have their own unique characteristics. In this review, we mainly describe and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the emerging role of gastric cancer-derived MSC-like cells (GC-MSCs) in regulating gastric cancer progression and development, as well as the bidirectional influence between GC-MSCs and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we also discuss the potential biomarker and therapeutic role of GC-MSCs. It is anticipated that new and deep insights into the functionality of GC-MSCs and the underlying mechanisms will promote the novel and promising therapeutic strategies against gastric cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of Emergency Radiology in COVID-19: From Preparedness to Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Nasir ◽  
James Roberts ◽  
Nestor L. Muller ◽  
Francesco Macri ◽  
Mohammed F. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Radiology ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Emergency trauma radiology, although a relatively new subspecialty of radiology, plays a critical role in both the diagnosis/triage of acutely ill patients, but even more important in providing leadership and taking the lead in the preparedness of imaging departments in dealing with novel highly infectious communicable diseases and mass casualties. This has become even more apparent in dealing with COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in late 2019. We review the symptoms, epidemiology, and testing for this disease. We discuss characteristic imaging findings of COVID-19 in relation to other modern coronavirus diseases including SARS and MERS. We discuss roles that community radiology clinics, outpatient radiology departments, and emergency radiology departments can play in the diagnosis of this disease. We review practical methods to reduce spread of infections within radiology departments.

Empty Houses

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kurnick
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Henry James ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
William Makepeace Thackeray ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Private Individual

According to the dominant tradition of literary criticism, the novel is the form par excellence of the private individual. This book challenges this consensus by re-examining the genre's development from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century and exploring what has until now seemed an anomaly—the frustrated theatrical ambitions of major novelists. Offering new interpretations of the careers of William Makepeace Thackeray, George Eliot, Henry James, James Joyce, and James Baldwin—writers known for mapping ever-narrower interior geographies—this book argues that the genre's inward-looking tendency has been misunderstood. Delving into the critical role of the theater in the origins of the novel of interiority, the book reinterprets the novel as a record of dissatisfaction with inwardness and an injunction to rethink human identity in radically collective and social terms. Exploring neglected texts in order to reread canonical ones, the book shows that the theatrical ambitions of major novelists had crucial formal and ideological effects on their masterworks. The book establishes the theatrical genealogy of some of the signal techniques of narrative interiority by investigating a key stretch of each of these novelistic careers. In the process, it illustrates how the novel is marked by a hunger for palpable collectivity, and argues that the genre's discontents have been a shaping force in its evolution. A groundbreaking rereading of the novel, this book provides new ways to consider the novelistic imagination.

scholarly journals The Role of SNP Interactions when Determining Independence of Novel Signals in Genetic Association Studies—An Application to ARG1 and Bronchodilator Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Ryan Walsh ◽  
Kirsten Voorhies ◽  
Merry-Lynn McDonald ◽  
Michael McGeachie ◽  
Joanne E. Sordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Association ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Bronchodilator Response

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) play a critical role in identifying many loci for common diseases and traits. There has been a rapid increase in the number of GWAS over the past decade. As additional GWAS are being conducted, it is unclear whether a novel signal associated with the trait of interest is independent of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the same region that has been previously associated with the trait of interest. The general approach to determining whether the novel association is independent of previous signals is to examine the association of the novel SNP with the trait of interest conditional on the previously identified SNP and/or calculate linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the two SNPs. However, the role of epistasis and SNP by SNP interactions are rarely considered. Through simulation studies, we examined the role of SNP by SNP interactions when determining the independence of two genetic association signals. We have created an R package on Github called gxgRC to generate these simulation studies based on user input. In genetic association studies of asthma, we considered the role of SNP by SNP interactions when determining independence of signals for SNPs in the ARG1 gene and bronchodilator response.

scholarly journals Palladium-catalyzed microwave-assisted Hirao reaction utilizing the excess of the diarylphosphine oxide reagent as the P-ligand; a study on the activity and formation of the “PdP2” catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Henyecz ◽  
Zoltán Mucsi ◽  
György Keglevich
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Palladium Acetate ◽  
Implicit Solvent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Solvent Model ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Acetate Molecule

Abstract The microwave-assisted Hirao reaction of bromobenzene and diarylphosphine oxides was performed at 120 °C using triethylamine as the base, and 5% of palladium acetate as the catalyst in ethanol. 5% Excess of the >P(O)H reagent served as the reducing agent, while another 10% as the preligand (in the >POH tautomeric form). It was found that the P–C coupling reaction was significantly faster with (2-MeC6H4)2P(O)H (A) and (3,5-diMeC6H3)2P(O)H (B), than with Ph2P(O)H (C) and (4-MeC6H4)2P(O)H (D). Moreover, species A and B could be applied as selective P-ligands in the reaction of bromobenzene with C or D. Dependence of the effectiveness of “PdP2” catalysts with diarylphosphine oxide preligands on the methyl substituents followed a reversed order as the reactivity of the diarylphosphine oxide species in the P–C coupling itself. Formation of the “PdP2” catalyst from palladium acetate and diarylphosphine oxide has never been studied, but now it was evaluated by us at the B3LYP level of theory applying 6-31G(d,p) for C,H,P,O and SDD/MW28 for Pd including the explicit-implicit solvent model. The novel mechanism requiring three equivalents of the >P(O)H species for each of the palladium acetate molecule was in agreement with the preparative experiments. The ligation of palladium(0) with different P(III) species comprising the >POH form of the >P(O)H reagent was also studied, and the critical role of the steric hindrance on the ligation, and hence on the activity of the “PdP2” catalyst was substantiated. Last but not least, the influence of the Me substituents in the aromatic ring of the P-reagents on the energetics of the elemental steps of the Hirao reaction itself was also evaluated.

scholarly journals Ras-Raf-Arf Signaling Critically Depends on the Dmp1 Transcription Factor

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Sreeramaneni ◽  
Asif Chaudhry ◽  
Martin McMahon ◽  
Charles J. Sherr ◽  
Kazushi Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Primary Cells ◽  
Promoter Activation ◽  
Oncogenic Ras ◽  
Responsive Element

ABSTRACT Dmp1 prevents tumor formation by activating the Arf-p53 pathway. In cultured primary cells, the Dmp1 promoter was efficiently activated by oncogenic Ha-RasV12, but not by overexpressed c-Myc or E2F-1. Dmp1 promoter activation by RasV12 depended on Raf-MEK-ERK signaling. Induction of p19Arf and p21Cip1 by oncogenic Raf was compromised in Dmp1-null cells, which were resistant to Raf-mediated premature senescence. A RasV12-responsive element was mapped to the 5′ leader sequence of the murine Dmp1 promoter, where endogenous Fos and Jun family proteins bind. Dmp1 promoter activation by RasV12 was strikingly impaired in c-Jun as well as in JunB knock-down cells, suggesting the critical role of Jun proteins in the activation of the Dmp1 promoter. A RasV12-responsive element was mapped to the unique Dmp1/Ets site on the Arf promoter, where endogenous Dmp1 proteins bind upon oncogenic Raf activation. Therefore, activation of Arf by Ras/Raf signaling is indirectly mediated by Dmp1, explaining why Dmp1-null primary cells are highly susceptible to Ras-induced transformation. Our data indicate the presence of the novel Jun-Dmp1 pathway that directly links oncogenic Ras-Raf signaling and p19 Arf , independent of the classical cyclin D1/Cdk4-Rb-E2F pathway.

The Art of Afro-Latina Consciousness-Raising in Shadowshaper

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Ella Diaz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Drawing on popular trends of zombies, magic, and superheroes in young adult fiction and blockbuster film franchises, author Daniel José Older presents Sierra Santiago, an Afro-Latina hero in Shadowshaper (2015) who combats local forces of cultural appropriation and gentrification in her Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. This chapter focuses on the critical role of street art in her analysis of Shadowshaper and, specifically, the community muralists that, in the late twentieth century, established urban spaces as Latina/o and Chicana/o barrios. By positioning Sierra at the center of community muralism, Older disrupts the absence of Latina/o artists and, particularly female artists, by foregrounding moments of artistic processes throughout the novel, including descriptions of Sierra’s stream of consciousness as she makes art that reflects Afro-Latinidad.

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