scholarly journals The Pandemic and the Supply Chain: Gaps in Pharmaceutical Production and Distribution

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e5
Author(s):  
Mariana P. Socal ◽  
Joshua M. Sharfstein ◽  
Jeremy A. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
The Us ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
To Come ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

The acute stress of the COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare a series of long-term weaknesses in the US public health system, including the fragility of our supply of essential medications.1 The virus produced unprecedented shifts in demand for old as well as new drugs, while simultaneously introducing new uncertainties about the production and distribution of pharmaceutical products. COVID-19–related shortages extended beyond antivirals to include a range of drugs broadly used in intensive care and in general hospital management (Table 1). These shortages point to serious vulnerabilities in the pharmaceutical supply chain that compromise readiness for new waves of the current pandemic and crises that are yet to come. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print January 28, 2021: e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306138 )

Applications of Operations Research in Production and Distribution Management of Pharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
Mahsa Yousefi Sarmad ◽  
Mir Saman Pishvaee
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Business Entities

Pharmaceutical industry is considered as a global industry because of its effects on the human life. Many researchers used optimization tools to manage the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) efficiently. A supply chain may be defined as an integrated process where several business entities work together to produce goods and/or services and deliver them to the end customer. The issue of PSC which includes strategic, tactical and operational decisions, is still a quite hot issue. The intended mission of this chapter is to introduce and discuss the recent developments of procurement, production and distribution management of pharmaceutical products in order to pave the way for the readers who are interested in this area of research. Notably, the focus of the chapter is on quantitative OR-based models which enable the decision makers to appropriately coordinate and manage the whole pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Securing Pharmaceutical Supply Chain using Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Vishwesh Lingayat ◽  
Isha Pardikar ◽  
Shubham Yewalekar ◽  
Shyamal Khachane ◽  
Sachin Pande
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Manual Operation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Production And Distribution

The production and distribution of counterfeit drugs is an urgent and increasingly critical worldwide issue, especially in pandemics. The imperfect supply chain system in the pharmaceutical industry is one of the reasons for drug counterfeiting. Drugs ownership changes from manufacturers to wholesaler, distributor, and then pharmacist before it reaches the customer thus making it difficult to keep track of it. In this paper, we have compared the existing proposed architectures of blockchain and IoT based supply chain management systems. The system implemented using hyper ledger fabric ensures sharing, storing, transparency, and traceability of data in each link of the supply chain. On the other hand, Ethereum architecture utilized the features of smart contracts to manage the interactions between sender and receiver. Finally, the study mainly focuses on increasing the safety of pharmaceutical products and reducing the manual operation of the supply chain with the most efficient architecture.

scholarly journals A literature review on multi-echelon inventory management: the case of pharmaceutical supply chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouçaiba Sbai ◽  
Abdelaziz Berrado
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Service Level

Inventory management remains a key challenge in supply chain management. Many companies recognize the benefits of a good inventory management system. An effective inventory management helps reaching a high customer service level while dealing with demand variability. In a complex supply chain network where inventories are found across the entire system as raw materials or finished products, the need for an integrated approach for managing inventory had become crucial. Modelling the system as a multi-echelon inventory system allows to consider all the factors related to inventory optimization. On the other hand, the high criticality of the pharmaceutical products makes the need for a sophisticated supply chain inventory management essential. The implementation of the multi-echelon inventory management in such supply chains helps keeping the stock of pharmaceutical products available at the different installations. This paper provides an insight into the multi-echelon inventory management problem, especially in the pharmaceutical supply chain. A classification of several multi-echelon inventory systems according to a set of criteria is provided. A synthesis of multiple multi-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain problems is elaborated.

scholarly journals Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Management in Healthcare:

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Clauson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Breeden ◽  
Cameron Davidson ◽  
Timothy K. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Data Provenance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Safety And Health

Background: Effective supply chain management is a challenge in every sector, but in healthcare there is added complexity and risk as a compromised supply chain in healthcare can directly impact patient safety and health outcomes. One potential solution for improving security, integrity, data provenance, and functionality of the health supply chain is blockchain technology. Objectives: Provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with blockchain adoption and deployment for the health supply chain, with a focus on the pharmaceutical supply, medical device and supplies, Internet of Healthy Things (IoHT), and public health sectors. Methods: A narrative review was conducted of the academic literature, grey literature, and industry publications, in addition to identifying and characterizing select stakeholders engaged in exploring blockchain solutions for the health supply chain. Results: Critical challenges in protecting the integrity of the health supply chain appear well suited for adoption of blockchain technology. Use cases are emerging, including using blockchain to combat counterfeit medicines, securing medical devices, optimizing functionality of IoHT, and improving the public health supply chain. Despite these clear opportunities, most blockchain initiatives remain in proof-of-concept or pilot phase. Conclusion: Blockchain technology has the unrealized promise to help improve the health supply chain, but further study, evaluation and alignment with policy mechanisms is needed. Keywords: Blockchain, Distributed Ledger, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Supply chain  

Potential Impact of RFID-Based Tracing Systems on the Integrity of Pharmaceutical Products

2012 ◽  
pp. 1724-1745
Author(s):  
Michele Maffia ◽  
Luca Mainetti ◽  
Luigi Patrono ◽  
Emanuela Urso
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Rf Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Auto Identification

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is going to play a crucial role as auto-identification technology in a wide range of applications such as healthcare, logistics, supply chain management, ticketing, et cetera. The use of electromagnetic waves to identify, trace, and track people or goods allows solving many problems related to auto-identification devices based on optical reading (i.e. bar code). Currently, high interest is concentrated on the use of Radio Frequency (RF) solutions in healthcare and pharmaceutical supply chain, in order to improve drugs flow transparency and patients’ safety. Unfortunately, there is a possibility that drug interaction with electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by RF devices, such as RFID readers, deteriorate the potency of bioactive compounds. This chapter proposes an experimental multidisciplinary approach to investigate potential alterations induced by EMFs on drug molecular structure and performance. To show the versatility of this approach, some experimental results obtained on two biological pharmaceuticals (peptide hormone-based) are discussed.

Shortcomings in the US Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

JAMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Richard L. Oehler ◽  
Sandra G. Gompf
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals The consequence of COVID-19 on the global supply of medical products: Why Indian generics matter for the world?

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe J Guerin ◽  
Sauman Singh-Phulgenda ◽  
Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
The World

While the world is facing the urgency of the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers must plan for the direct response to the outbreak while minimising its collateral impact. Maintaining the supply chain of pharmaceutical products is not only paramount to cover the immediate medical response but will be fundamental to reducing disruption of the healthcare delivery system, which requires constant medicines, diagnostic tools and vaccines for smooth functioning. In this equation, the role of the Indian pharmaceutical industry will not only be critical to meet the domestic need of over 1.3 billion inhabitants but will equally be important for the rest of the world, including wealthy economies. Preventing a significant disruption of the Indian pharmaceutical supply chain during the outbreak and preparing it for large scale production for COVID-19 therapeutic or preventive medical products will not only help India but will assist the global response to this outbreak.

Pharma Insurance: A Mechanism for Risk Mitigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 2659-2664
Author(s):  
Adithya D. Shetty ◽  
Ankitha Shetty ◽  
Jyothi Shetty ◽  
Sandeep Shenoy ◽  
D. Sreedhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Front End ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production ◽  
Similar Risk

Insurance plays a vital role in risk mitigation of pharma supply chain. It’s a mechanism where losses sustained by few are stretched among many those are exposed to kind of similar risk. Unfortunately, insurance is not availed by the intermediaries in pharma supply chain which eventually leads to heavy losses in the regular supplies of the drugs. The pharmaceutical industry in India has secured the third position globally in terms of its volume and adds approximately 10% to the global pharmaceutical production. According to the reports published by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, the Indian Pharma Industry is pegged at INR 810 Bn which is inclusive of domestic sales and exports. India is an international hub for high-quality medicines at an affordable price with a rich vendor base. As logistics and supply chain plays an important role and contributes immensely to the overall growth of pharma sector, risk mitigation becomes inevitable. Poor supply chain in pharma leads to various fatalities due to mishandling of the product, pilferage, poor packing, damage during transit, accidents and other nature hazards leading towards expiry of drugs. Low level of supply chain integrity, absence of contingency planning, inadequacy in resources and infrastructure, lack of support in terms of regulation, adoption of sub-optimal standards in technology are included in it. Currently, there are myriad inefficiencies spotted in both assets i.e., physical requirement like storage and transport as well as enablers i.e., efficiency improving system, technology and process all along the pharmaceutical supply chain. Inspite of all this, the pharma companies opine that there is no adequate insurance taken by the wholesalers and the distributors in the front end distribution of critical drugs. Thus, the study is intended to analyze the product liability exposure arising during pharma supply chain and the quantum of insurance required to mitigate the same.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical supply chains and management innovation?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Papalexi ◽  
David Bamford ◽  
Alexandros Nikitas ◽  
Liz Breen ◽  
Nicoleta Tipi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Management Innovation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Minimisation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains ◽  
Speed Response

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the implementation of innovative programmes within the downstream domain of the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC), with the aim of informing improved service provision. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method approach was used to assess to what extent innovation could be adopted by hospital and community pharmacies to improve the delivery process of pharmaceutical products. Unstructured interviews and 130 questionnaires were collected and analysed to identify factors that facilitate or prevent innovation within PSC processes. Findings The analysis led to the creation of the innovative pharmaceutical supply chain framework (IPSCF) that provides guidance to health-care organisations about how supply chain management problems could be addressed by implementing innovative approaches. The results also indicated that the implementation of Lean and Reverse Logistics (RL) practices, supported by integrated information technology systems, can help health-care organisations to enhance their delivery in terms of quality (products and service quality), visibility (knowledge and information sharing), speed (response to customers and suppliers needs) and cost (minimisation of cost and waste). Practical implications The study’s recommendations have potential implications for supply chain theory and practice, particularly for pharmacies in terms of innovation adoption. The IPSCF provides guidance to pharmacies and health-care organisations to develop more efficient and effective supply chain strategies. Originality/value This research contributes to the academic literature as it adds novel theoretical insights to highly complex delivery process innovation.

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