scholarly journals Development and Evolution of Aluminum Industry in China Based on Aluminum Flow Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Qiang Yue ◽  
Zaidong Fan ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Fen Liu ◽  
Heming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Aluminum Scrap ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Support Ratio ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Development And Evolution

AbstractThe whole process of aluminum cycle consists of four stages: Production of alumina and primary aluminum, fabrication and manufacture of aluminum products, use of aluminum final products, and recycling of obsolete aluminum products. Aluminum cycle in China in 2011 was analyzed using alumium flow diagram, and the following indices were obtained: The resource self-support ratio of alumina, aluminum and the whole aluminum industry were 53.18%, 95.58% and 54.85%, respectively; self-produced and net imported aluminum scrap use ratios of the aluminum industry were 4.68% and 7.98%, respectively. Aluminum cycles and aluminum flow indices in China of the year 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008–2010 were also analyzed. It was found that from 1990 to 2011, imported Al-containing resources increased and imported bauxite has increased significantly since 2005. Resources self-support ratio of aluminum industry changed gradually from fully self-support to depencdent on the imports of raw materials. Self-produced auminum scrap use ratio presented downtrend basically and the imported aluminum scrap use ratio was greater than self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio after 1995.

Aluminum Flow Analysis for the Life Cycle of Aluminum Products

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2287-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yue ◽  
Zhong Wu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aluminum Scrap ◽  
Support Ratio ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In order to achieve a sustainable development of aluminum industry, aluminum flow analysis for the life cycle of aluminum products in China was necessary. Aluminum flow in the aluminum products life cycle of 2003-2007 in China has been analyzed, from which the following data were resulted. Resources self-support ratio in alumina production, aluminum production and the aluminum industry dropped, increased and leveled off in the period 2003-2007, respectively. Self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio was in the range 5-7%, and the situation of the aluminum scrap lacking state can’t be settled in case of fast increment of aluminum production. Proposals for the sustainable development of aluminum industry in China were put forward.

scholarly journals The application of MFA for rural industrial symbiosis assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 916 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
D Agustina ◽  
A D Wicaksono ◽  
C Meidiana
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

Abstract One of proposed strategies to solve current environmental challenges includes the industrial symbiosis. However, proper evaluation methods are required to measure the potential benefits of industrial symbiosis, one of those includes the material flow analysis (MFA). MFA develops a unified database and a Step-by-Step process starting from the input, process, and output process to clarify the distribution of waste and the recycling process in the aluminum industry. The aluminum industry is regarded as an energy-intensive and high-pollution industry. The development of industrial symbiosis in the aluminum industry has significantly reduced environmental pressures and facilitated green development and green industry. Home industries that process aluminum slag raw materials require high energy thereby generating high waste during the production process. The applied method includes material flow analysis (MFA). The MFA results indicated that the production elements of the aluminum slag industry consist of 11 elements ranging from raw materials, fuel, clean water, human resources, capital, production processes, production equipment, housekeeping, products produced, waste to waste utilization. Approximately 44% of the industry sold waste to other industries, 42% of the waste was reprocessed, and 14% of the aluminum industry stockpiles production was in the form of waste in open spaces. The industrial symbiosis in the aluminum industry was an open cycle, indicating that the symbiosis produces waste, which had not been fully utilized; but in fact, the waste had potential as a source of raw materials, energy, and materials in other industrial processes.

Application of XRF in the Aluminum Industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Frank R. Feret
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Preparation Techniques

X-ray fluorescence analysis has been used in the aluminum industry since the beginning of the 1950's. Initial applications involved predominantly raw materials such as bauxite. During the last decades its use expanded to every stage of aluminum production and today, XRF analysis is a recognized analyticaI technique, applied routinely in exploration, reduction and fabrication processes. Typical XRF applications in the aluminum industry at present are listed in Table 1. The number of determinations given represents usual industrial requirements, and may vary between laboratories. The sample preparation techniques are again the most commonly used for the applications.

Materials Research at Alcoa

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Noel Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Metal ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Emerging Nations ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

The competitive forces that have dominated the aluminum industry over the last decade are similar to those in many other industries. New international competitors, driven primarily by their ability to compete with long-standing U.S. producers on the basis of cost and quality, have made significant inroads into virtually all aluminum markets.As more emerging nations, driven by the need to create jobs and hard currency rather than profits, entered the primary metal business and exported their output, ingot prices fell. Eventually, ingot became a commodity traded in the international marketplace, with metal prices no longer related to production costs.While these structural changes in the worldwide aluminum industry are of great concern (particularly in the United States), by no means do they signal the light metal's demise in the materials marketplace. What they have done, however, is to provide the impetus for the development and pursuit of economic and technical strategies designed to ensure long-term, profitable growth.By the beginning of the 21st century, most monolithic metals will be firmly entrenched as commodities. This will solidify emerging nations as key producers, based upon their access to raw materials, less costly labor and energy resources, and subsidized capital. The ability of companies like Alcoa to compete in this commodity marketplace will be based upon their ability to reduce manufacturing costs and provide technically-based product differentiation, primarily via quality control, through new and improved processing technologies.

Selected applications of Rietveld-XRD analysis for raw materials of the aluminum industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Feret
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Phase Quantification ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In the last few decades, X-ray diffraction (XRD) systems have been paramount and irreplaceable in controlling bauxite exploration, as well as Bayer and reduction processes. XRD quantitative phase analysis in the aluminum industry witnessed a steady deployment of the Rietveld method, which at present progressively replaces existing methodologies in research and plant laboratories. Rietveld analysis not only helped to surpass traditional XRD calibration methods, it also opened the door for new applications previously not possible. The use of the Rietveld method to characterize selected materials unique to the aluminum industry, such as bauxite, red mud, and alumina is demonstrated and discussed. This paper also presents how synchrotron-based diffractograms obtained for bauxite and red mud samples allowed a much better understanding of mineralogical representation, and made it possible to leverage their Rietveld quantification. Despite clear advantages, the Rietveld method also has limitations that are revealed. For alumina phase quantification, a dedicated Rietveld analytical program was built with structure data for eight alumina mineralogical phases: alpha, beta (β-Al2O3 = Na2O•11Al2O3), delta, gamma (2), kappa, sigma, and theta. The paper gives unique examples of phase quantification in aluminas of various origins and phase composition.

Material Flow Analysis in the Aluminum Industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlen Bertram ◽  
Kenneth J. Martchek ◽  
Georg Rombach
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

scholarly journals Analysis of the aluminum production chain in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Claude Machline ◽  
Fernando Garcia ◽  
José Bento Amaral Jr. ◽  
Wilson Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

This paper's objective is to analyze the Brazilian aluminum production chain. We define production chain as the structured set of operations necessary to transform raw materials into a related group of finished products. The study of such a chain aims at increasing the competitiveness of its elements, focusing on their problems and devising solutions. The methodology adopted consisted in defining the basic production steps; visit plants and factories; interview executives; and analyze the wealth of data gathered. Some principles of production chain dynamics are proposed. The aluminum industry offers today, in Brazil, acute problems, due to currency devaluation, cost and scarcity of electrical energy, invoicing taxes and lack of economies of scale, which threaten its survival.

scholarly journals Cleaner Production Assessment of the Aluminium Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
A D Wicaksono ◽  
D Agustina ◽  
C Meidiana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Cleaner Production (CP) practices comprised environmental strategy perpetually applied in the production, processes, and services to bolster efficiency, safety, and environmental friendliness. Combining with the mindset of sustainable stocks and resources, this exercise of cleaner production provides advantages of minimum toxic wastes and residues. In this study, we prioritize this practice to be applied in the aluminum industry, of which cleaner production action has not yet been employed. This study aimed to assess the application of cleaner production in the aluminum industry. The method used is assessing cleaner production using the criteria of raw materials, production processes, water and wastewater, energy use, good housekeeping, solid waste and gas, human resources, and environmental performance. The assessment results of the cleaner production application indicate that the Mandiri industry type is generally at level 2 with a frequency of 13 industries. In general, SMAR’S is at level 3 with a frequency of 11 industries, and in the BLK industry, it is at level 2 with 11 industries. These results can be used as a recommendation for the government to increase cleaner production in the Jombang Regency.

Globalisation and Raw Materials-Based Development: The Case of the Aluminum Industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analytic Strategy ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

Current analyses of globalisation often assume that this is a new phenomenon and that it operates in the same manner across all sectors of the economy. This paper argues that precisely the opposite is true: globalisation is a longstanding process that exhibits distinct characteristics in different industries and different time periods. The analytic strategy to examine this process is historically grounded in the aluminum industry, one of the pioneers of the process of globalisation. This paper analyses the changing nature of the process of globalisation in the aluminum industry, focusing attention on the articulation of the competitive strategies of globalising firms and the economic development strategies of national governments over four distinct phases of globalisation in the past century. The paper also analyses the consequences of the evolution of globalisation for firms, states and economies involved in the aluminum industry.

On the effect of the periodicity of diagnostic measurements on improving the reliability of high-voltage transformers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
V. A. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

The influence of the periodicity of diagnostic measurements on the operational state of high-voltage transformers is considered. Examples of defects of switching devices of converter transformers and methods for their detection are given. The rationale for the importance of recognition of defects at an early stage of their occurrence is given. The influence of the multiplicity of overvoltages on the service life of converter transformers in the aluminum industry is investigated. Based on the analysis of the service life of converter transformers of one of the powerful aluminum plants, where 83% of converter transformers have exhausted their standard service life, it is shown that in 40% of cases it would be possible to avoid their failures, with timely detection and elimination of emerging defects. Examples of defects of OLR (on-load regulators) of converter transformers and methods for their detection are given. The importance of recognition of defects at an early stage of their occurrence is substantiated. A method for chromatographic analysis of dissolved gases in transformer oil has been developed for the qualitative determination of defects and ways to eliminate them. Examples of diagnostics of converter transformers at operating voltage and working load are given, providing the best quality operational characteristics of converter transformers. The periodicity of diagnostic measurements and the reduction of defects and failures has been substantiated. The question of diagnosing the state of the converter transformer TDNP-40000/10 at an enterprise of the aluminum industry is investigated. Currently, diagnostic methods are being developed based on chromatographic analysis of dissolved gases in transformer oil. The presented method of evaluating the operating parameters of transformers allows for the safe operation of high-voltage transformers and enables to increase the reliability of the power supply scheme of aluminum industry plants.

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