scholarly journals Analysis of the aluminum production chain in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Claude Machline ◽  
Fernando Garcia ◽  
José Bento Amaral Jr. ◽  
Wilson Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

This paper's objective is to analyze the Brazilian aluminum production chain. We define production chain as the structured set of operations necessary to transform raw materials into a related group of finished products. The study of such a chain aims at increasing the competitiveness of its elements, focusing on their problems and devising solutions. The methodology adopted consisted in defining the basic production steps; visit plants and factories; interview executives; and analyze the wealth of data gathered. Some principles of production chain dynamics are proposed. The aluminum industry offers today, in Brazil, acute problems, due to currency devaluation, cost and scarcity of electrical energy, invoicing taxes and lack of economies of scale, which threaten its survival.

Application of XRF in the Aluminum Industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Frank R. Feret
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Preparation Techniques

X-ray fluorescence analysis has been used in the aluminum industry since the beginning of the 1950's. Initial applications involved predominantly raw materials such as bauxite. During the last decades its use expanded to every stage of aluminum production and today, XRF analysis is a recognized analyticaI technique, applied routinely in exploration, reduction and fabrication processes. Typical XRF applications in the aluminum industry at present are listed in Table 1. The number of determinations given represents usual industrial requirements, and may vary between laboratories. The sample preparation techniques are again the most commonly used for the applications.

Aluminum Flow Analysis for the Life Cycle of Aluminum Products

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2287-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yue ◽  
Zhong Wu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aluminum Scrap ◽  
Support Ratio ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In order to achieve a sustainable development of aluminum industry, aluminum flow analysis for the life cycle of aluminum products in China was necessary. Aluminum flow in the aluminum products life cycle of 2003-2007 in China has been analyzed, from which the following data were resulted. Resources self-support ratio in alumina production, aluminum production and the aluminum industry dropped, increased and leveled off in the period 2003-2007, respectively. Self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio was in the range 5-7%, and the situation of the aluminum scrap lacking state can’t be settled in case of fast increment of aluminum production. Proposals for the sustainable development of aluminum industry in China were put forward.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Reuse of Light Ash from Bayer Process Fluidized Bed Boilers in Geopolymer Synthesis at Ambient Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Woshington S. Brito ◽  
André L. Mileo Ferraioli Silva ◽  
Rozineide A. A. Boca Santa ◽  
Kristoff Svensson ◽  
José Antônio da Silva Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Production Chain

Sustainable civil construction in the future, besides having low energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, must also adopt the principle of reusing wastes generated in the production chain that impact the environment. The aluminum production chain includes refining using the Bayer process. One of the main wastes produced by the Bayer process that has an impact on the environment is fly ash. Geopolymers are cementitious materials with a three-dimensional structure formed by the chemical activation of aluminosilicates. According to studies, some are proving to be appropriate sources of Al and Si in the geopolymerization reaction. The research reported here sought to assess the possibility of reusing fly ash characteristic of the operational temperature and pressure conditions of Bayer process boilers in geopolymer synthesis. Geopolymerization reaction was conducted at an ambient temperature of 30°C, and the activator used was sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 15 molar and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) alkaline 10 molar. Fly ash and metakaolin were used as sources of Al and Si. XRD, XRF, and SEM Techniques were used for characterizing the raw materials and geopolymers. As a study parameter, the mole ratios utilized followed data from the literature described by Davidovits (year), so that the best results of the geopolymer samples were obtained in the 2.5 to 3.23 range. Resistance to mechanical compression reached 25 MPa in 24 hours of curing and 44 MPa after 28 days of curing at ambient temperature.

Materials Research at Alcoa

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Noel Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Metal ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Emerging Nations ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

The competitive forces that have dominated the aluminum industry over the last decade are similar to those in many other industries. New international competitors, driven primarily by their ability to compete with long-standing U.S. producers on the basis of cost and quality, have made significant inroads into virtually all aluminum markets.As more emerging nations, driven by the need to create jobs and hard currency rather than profits, entered the primary metal business and exported their output, ingot prices fell. Eventually, ingot became a commodity traded in the international marketplace, with metal prices no longer related to production costs.While these structural changes in the worldwide aluminum industry are of great concern (particularly in the United States), by no means do they signal the light metal's demise in the materials marketplace. What they have done, however, is to provide the impetus for the development and pursuit of economic and technical strategies designed to ensure long-term, profitable growth.By the beginning of the 21st century, most monolithic metals will be firmly entrenched as commodities. This will solidify emerging nations as key producers, based upon their access to raw materials, less costly labor and energy resources, and subsidized capital. The ability of companies like Alcoa to compete in this commodity marketplace will be based upon their ability to reduce manufacturing costs and provide technically-based product differentiation, primarily via quality control, through new and improved processing technologies.

Selected applications of Rietveld-XRD analysis for raw materials of the aluminum industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Feret
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Phase Quantification ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In the last few decades, X-ray diffraction (XRD) systems have been paramount and irreplaceable in controlling bauxite exploration, as well as Bayer and reduction processes. XRD quantitative phase analysis in the aluminum industry witnessed a steady deployment of the Rietveld method, which at present progressively replaces existing methodologies in research and plant laboratories. Rietveld analysis not only helped to surpass traditional XRD calibration methods, it also opened the door for new applications previously not possible. The use of the Rietveld method to characterize selected materials unique to the aluminum industry, such as bauxite, red mud, and alumina is demonstrated and discussed. This paper also presents how synchrotron-based diffractograms obtained for bauxite and red mud samples allowed a much better understanding of mineralogical representation, and made it possible to leverage their Rietveld quantification. Despite clear advantages, the Rietveld method also has limitations that are revealed. For alumina phase quantification, a dedicated Rietveld analytical program was built with structure data for eight alumina mineralogical phases: alpha, beta (β-Al2O3 = Na2O•11Al2O3), delta, gamma (2), kappa, sigma, and theta. The paper gives unique examples of phase quantification in aluminas of various origins and phase composition.

scholarly journals The use of carbon-containing wastes of aluminum production in ferrous metallurgy

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 836-841
Author(s):  
M. P. Kuz’min ◽  
M. Yu. Kuz’mina ◽  
. Jia Q. Ran ◽  
A. S. Kuz’mina ◽  
A. E. Burdonov
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Flotation Tailing ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Industrial Zones

The article discusses the prospects of recycling the most massive wastes of aluminum production (namely, used cathode blocks of electrolyzers, gas treatment dust, gas treatment residue, and flotation tailing). It have been indicated the volumes of wasteaccumulation and a special attention has been focused on the need of their disposal with a view to improve the environmental conditions of the territories adjacent to the industrial zones. Specific characteristics of the generated waste have been determined, which indicate the possibility of their secondary use and transfer from waste to by-products.Existing technical solutions relevant to the issue have been reviewed, and the reasons preventing their implementation have been explained. The most promising methods of waste processing to be carried out successfully in the current economic conditions have been identified. Spent cathode blocks can be used at ferrous metallurgy enterprises (in blast furnaces and converters) as a substitute for expensive coke and fluorspar, and finely dispersed waste can be used at cement enterprises. The areas have been determined that in the future will significantly increase the volume of processing and the demand for these wastes of the aluminum industry in technological processes of ferrous metallurgy. The possibilities for cooperation between aluminum refineries and ferrous metallurgy enterprises, as well as other related industries, were emphasized in detail.

scholarly journals The application of MFA for rural industrial symbiosis assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 916 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
D Agustina ◽  
A D Wicaksono ◽  
C Meidiana
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

Abstract One of proposed strategies to solve current environmental challenges includes the industrial symbiosis. However, proper evaluation methods are required to measure the potential benefits of industrial symbiosis, one of those includes the material flow analysis (MFA). MFA develops a unified database and a Step-by-Step process starting from the input, process, and output process to clarify the distribution of waste and the recycling process in the aluminum industry. The aluminum industry is regarded as an energy-intensive and high-pollution industry. The development of industrial symbiosis in the aluminum industry has significantly reduced environmental pressures and facilitated green development and green industry. Home industries that process aluminum slag raw materials require high energy thereby generating high waste during the production process. The applied method includes material flow analysis (MFA). The MFA results indicated that the production elements of the aluminum slag industry consist of 11 elements ranging from raw materials, fuel, clean water, human resources, capital, production processes, production equipment, housekeeping, products produced, waste to waste utilization. Approximately 44% of the industry sold waste to other industries, 42% of the waste was reprocessed, and 14% of the aluminum industry stockpiles production was in the form of waste in open spaces. The industrial symbiosis in the aluminum industry was an open cycle, indicating that the symbiosis produces waste, which had not been fully utilized; but in fact, the waste had potential as a source of raw materials, energy, and materials in other industrial processes.

scholarly journals Development and Evolution of Aluminum Industry in China Based on Aluminum Flow Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Qiang Yue ◽  
Zaidong Fan ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Fen Liu ◽  
Heming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Aluminum Scrap ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Support Ratio ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Development And Evolution

AbstractThe whole process of aluminum cycle consists of four stages: Production of alumina and primary aluminum, fabrication and manufacture of aluminum products, use of aluminum final products, and recycling of obsolete aluminum products. Aluminum cycle in China in 2011 was analyzed using alumium flow diagram, and the following indices were obtained: The resource self-support ratio of alumina, aluminum and the whole aluminum industry were 53.18%, 95.58% and 54.85%, respectively; self-produced and net imported aluminum scrap use ratios of the aluminum industry were 4.68% and 7.98%, respectively. Aluminum cycles and aluminum flow indices in China of the year 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008–2010 were also analyzed. It was found that from 1990 to 2011, imported Al-containing resources increased and imported bauxite has increased significantly since 2005. Resources self-support ratio of aluminum industry changed gradually from fully self-support to depencdent on the imports of raw materials. Self-produced auminum scrap use ratio presented downtrend basically and the imported aluminum scrap use ratio was greater than self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio after 1995.

scholarly journals Cleaner Production Assessment of the Aluminium Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
A D Wicaksono ◽  
D Agustina ◽  
C Meidiana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Cleaner Production (CP) practices comprised environmental strategy perpetually applied in the production, processes, and services to bolster efficiency, safety, and environmental friendliness. Combining with the mindset of sustainable stocks and resources, this exercise of cleaner production provides advantages of minimum toxic wastes and residues. In this study, we prioritize this practice to be applied in the aluminum industry, of which cleaner production action has not yet been employed. This study aimed to assess the application of cleaner production in the aluminum industry. The method used is assessing cleaner production using the criteria of raw materials, production processes, water and wastewater, energy use, good housekeeping, solid waste and gas, human resources, and environmental performance. The assessment results of the cleaner production application indicate that the Mandiri industry type is generally at level 2 with a frequency of 13 industries. In general, SMAR’S is at level 3 with a frequency of 11 industries, and in the BLK industry, it is at level 2 with 11 industries. These results can be used as a recommendation for the government to increase cleaner production in the Jombang Regency.

Globalisation and Raw Materials-Based Development: The Case of the Aluminum Industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analytic Strategy ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

Current analyses of globalisation often assume that this is a new phenomenon and that it operates in the same manner across all sectors of the economy. This paper argues that precisely the opposite is true: globalisation is a longstanding process that exhibits distinct characteristics in different industries and different time periods. The analytic strategy to examine this process is historically grounded in the aluminum industry, one of the pioneers of the process of globalisation. This paper analyses the changing nature of the process of globalisation in the aluminum industry, focusing attention on the articulation of the competitive strategies of globalising firms and the economic development strategies of national governments over four distinct phases of globalisation in the past century. The paper also analyses the consequences of the evolution of globalisation for firms, states and economies involved in the aluminum industry.

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