scholarly journals Pengembangan Bioenergi di Sektor Pertanian: Potensi dan Kendala Pengembangan Bioenergi Berbahan Baku Ubi Kayu

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adang Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Central Java

<p><strong>English</strong></p><p>Along with the limited availability of fossil energy, it is necessary to look for other alternative energy sources. Cassava is one of the crops that can be processed into energy sources. This study uses data from the study in 2014. The an alysis results show that cassava farming is generally conducted in dry land. Cassava farming both in Lampung and Central Java is worth the effort. Technical constraints encountered consist ofdeclining soil fertility, land competition with other food crops, cropping patterns and low productivity. Socio - economic constraints include limited capital, fluctuating cassava price, high cost of farming, and lack of marketing. Development of bioethanol made from cassava is carried out by private companies in Central Java and Lampung is still limited. To produce ethanol from cassava, some obstacles encountered are technology for bioethanol production, continuity of raw materials, competition between food/tapioca and bioethanol processing, and cassava price is less comp etitive for bioethanol production. Policies for developing cassava raw materials to support bioethanol production are: (a) increased productivity, (b) planted area expansion, (c) sufficient production volume, and (d) institutional development and financing . Cassava production expansion may utilize those agricultural land of PT Perhutani/I nhutani (state - own forestry company), fallow land, and partnerships with the private sector. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesia</strong></p><p>Energi merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar untuk menopang keberlangsungan hidup manusia. Seiring dengan makin terbatasnya ketersediaan energi dari fosil, maka perlu dicarikan sumber energi alternatif lain. Ubi kayu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat diolah menjadi sumber energi. Kajian ini menggunakan data hasil kajian tahun 2014, data yang digunakan merupakan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani ubi kayu umumnya dilakukan di lahan kering tegalan. Usaha tani ubi kayu baik di Provinsi Lampung maupun Jawa Tengah cukup layak diusahakan. Kendala teknis yang dihadapi dapat berupa menurunnya kesuburan lahan, kompetisi lahan dengan tanaman pangan lain, pola tanam belum optimal, dan rendahnya produktivitas. Kendala sosial ekonomi dapat mencakup permodalan yang terbatas, harga ubi kayu yang sering fluktuasi, biaya usaha tani yang tinggi, dan pemasaran yang belum berjalan secara baik termasuk dengan sistem kemitraan. Pengembangan bioetanol berbahan baku ubi kayu masih terbatas dilakukan oleh perusahaan swasta baik di Jawa Tengah maupun Lampung. Untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari ubi kayu, terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi antara lain: kontinuitas bahan baku, persaingan bahan baku antara penggunaan untuk pangan/tapioka dan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol, dan harga ubi kayu yang terus meningkat yang dirasakan menjadi kurang kompetitif untuk produksi bioetanol. Kebijakan dalam rangka pengembangan bahan baku ubi kayu untuk mendukung produksi bioetanol dapat ditempuh melalui peningkatan produktivitas, perluasan areal tanam, pengamanan produksi, dan pengembangan kelembagaan dan pembiayaan. Untuk penyediaan bahan baku bioetanol, usaha tani ubi kayu membutuhkan lahan yang luas. Perluasan pertanaman dapat diarahkan pada areal baru (perluasan), dan dengan memanfaatkan areal PT Perhutani/Inhutani, lahan tidur/terlantar, dan kemitraan dengan swasta. Hal penting lainnya dalam pengembangan bioenergi adalah komitmen pemerintah dan sinergi antarinstansi dalam kebijakan atau program bioenergi.</p>

scholarly journals THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara ◽  
Natalia Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

Renewable Energy in Italy

2011 ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Stefano Fanetti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Italy is a country where the energy supply depends largely on imported raw materials (such as oil and natural gas). The favorable geographic location could encourage the development of renewable energy sources; nevertheless, the growth of alternative energy sources is slow. What are the reasons? This question will be dealt in this chapter, considering three different aspects of the issue: the economic incentives for renewable energies, the problematic process of authorization of the facilities and the local communities’ opposition to new plants. Besides the analysis of these issues, the aim of this paper is to identify possible solutions, taking into account the relevant legislative and regulatory changes that, at national and Community level, have affected and are affecting the field of renewable energy.

Organic Farm Environmental Design

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Zabrodski ◽  
Ryan Janzen ◽  
Geoff Eichhorn ◽  
Julia Sellars
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Certified Organic

Organic farming has regulations for water and soil quality that must be met in order to become certified. A farm approximately 50 km from Kingston is trying to convert to a certified organic operation to supply Queen’s University with domestic produce. To ensure the farm can be certified, extensive testing of the water and soil is necessary to ascertain that the property is free from contaminants. Monitoring wells were installed on the property and water samples were tested to ensure they met regulations, as were soil samples. The soil was also classified for its suitability for agriculture. GPS and Geophysical surveys were implemented to model the bedrock and map the height of the water table to determine groundwater flow in the area. To promote sustainability, a literature review of alternative energy sources was completed including the applicability of wind, solar, and geothermal energy as well as biodiesel. This research in conjunction with field‐testing was used to decide on a final design for the farm, including water management, suggested energy sources, and agricultural land used

Environmental aspects of the use of lubricating oils and alternative energy sources on the way to improve transport sector of the world economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
V.A. Zolotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World

The article presents some features of new technologies in the field of improving transport and its inherent environmental aspects of the use of lubricating oils and alternative energy sources in modern conditions of development of the global economy. Transport enjoys a predominant share in the consumption of lubricants in the world market and in fact about 57 % of the world production volume is used in this sector of the economy. In accordance with global trends, the design development of traditional reciprocating internal combustion engines is carried out in conjunction with the development and implementation of environmental requirements for them in the largest economies in the world - European Union standards (Euro-7), India (Bharat Stage VI - the equivalent of Euro-6 standard) and China (China 6 is a more stringent version of the Euro-6 standard), aimed at reducing exhaust emissions. Actual additions to the SAE J300 classification include relatively low kinematic viscosity of oils, which allows engine manufacturers to meet the requirements of environmental standards that regulate emission of particles with exhaust gases and fuel economy - reducing fuel consumption. The advent of electric vehicles is having an increasing impact on transport and energy infrastructure. This long-term trend will also affect the manufacturing sector, where demand for traditional lubricants is expected to decline. The transport market today is making progress towards reducing carbon dioxide emissions and increasing fuel economy. Despite this, further investments by the automotive industry in improving the design of piston engines around the world are declining, and the supply of new engines for car manufacturers after 2021 is predictably reduced.

Comparative analysis of the leading countries with Turkey in terms of bioethanol raw materials

2016 ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Akalin ◽  
Anil M. Seyrekbasan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Local Resources

Strategic importance of oil and gas supplies has increased in recent years. To diversify energy sources and to engage local resources for energy supply in countries with high external dependency has become very important. In the study, the raw material for bioethanol is evaluated in terms of compliance with the conditions of Turkey. Possible mandatory blending rates of bioethanol are assessed in terms of Turkish domestic agricultural production capacity. A comparative analysis on the best raw material cultivated in Turkey as source for bioethanol production is made.

scholarly journals Marketing of renewable energy sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 14006
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Lavrinenko ◽  
Victoria Tinyakova ◽  
Larisa Shishkina ◽  
Ruben Partevian
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Installed Capacity

The article discusses the importance of marketing in the market of renewable energy sources. Alternative energy and its development significantly depend on the country and the climatic conditions of a particular area. In Russia, alternative energy, its development, lags behind world leaders. There are several reasons for this. The first reason is the large reserves of fuel and energy raw materials and their low cost. The second reason is the low utilization rate of the installed capacity of alternative energy. The third reason is that the weather conditions in Russia are nonhomogeneous and not very suitable for the development of alternative energy. A promising direction for the development of alternative energy is small alternative energy. Marketing is built on effective market segmentation, increasing end-user awareness and customer education efforts. The article also provides recommendations for improving the effectiveness of marketing, its special features, taking into account altruism, paternalism and moral satisfaction ofcustomers.

scholarly journals The Urgency of Institutional Development of Cassava Industry in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Farah Maulida ◽  
Subejo ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Business Partnerships ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Intensive Farming

     The study shows that there was variation in the process of cassava-based food production. In Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) and Central Java, the farming systems were still subsistence oriented as the members still carried out traditional farming and worked without practicing intensive farming. However, the cassava-based food processing had already been commercially oriented. Some farmers have successfully collaborated with the larger cassava industry who were profit and commercially oriented. Some agribusiness units required specific varieties, but others opened to any varieties of cassava. The various arrangements have created different patterns of partnership. There were three types of business partnerships namely (1) growers and small-scale manufacturers; (2) partnership among growers, raw material processors, food manufacturers, and distributors or sellers; and (3) partnership among growers, small or large manufacturers and distributors or sellers. Among those three patterns, some enterprises had already performed a business-oriented processing method and quality assurance which requires best quality of raw cassava. This is resulted in a better selling price. Business partnerships can guarantee the sustainability of business relationships among business units. A better upstream-downstream relation needs to be developed to prevent the risks of raw materials supply.

scholarly journals Bioprocessing Requirements for Bioethanol

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Sophie Anderson ◽  
Pattanathu K.S.M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
The Core ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
New Research

This chapter discusses alternative energy sources and the advantages of biofuels over fossil fuels. It outlines the main steps of bioethanol production and suggests some alternative sources as potential feedstock. The core focus of this chapter is to examine new research which considers the use of agricultural waste as a feedstock for bioethanol production rather than conventional feedstocks such as sugarcane and corn. The advantages of sugarcane bagasse as a feedstock are discussed in detail and the bioprocessing requirements are studied in comparison to traditional methods that use sugarcane as the feedstock. The chapter concludes by briefly outlining further research that could potentially improve these processes.

scholarly journals Produkcja oraz rynek rzepaku na Ukrainie i jego perspektywy

2014 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Georgij Czerewko ◽  
Jurij Dubnewycz
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Rapeseed Production

The paper presents the main aspects of rapeseed production and processing in Ukraine in the context of Ukraine’s joining EU. Current situation of rapeseed market and some aspects of exporting activity in this sphere were characterized. A set of possible directions of development of the situation in Ukraine including possible influences of UE’s policy in the sphere of alternative energy sources were presented, as well as changes of volumes of rape production. The paper also analyses the activity of Ukrainian government connected to the rapeseed production and processing, including avoidance of possible pathological Ukraine’s transformation into mere Europe’s raw materials’ supplier.

scholarly journals Perception and Attitude of Community towards the Development of Nyamplung in Patutrejo Village, Purworejo District

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Sanudin Sanudin
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Modern Machine ◽  
Environmental Functions

Global awareness of the energy crisis and the environmental impacts related to fossil fuels have driven the use of alternative energy sources such as biofuels. Nyamplung is one type of plant suitable for biofuel production. This study aims to determine perception and attitude community towards the development of nyamplung. The study was conducted in April - July 2018 in Patutrejo Village, Purworejo District, Central Java. Data collection was carried out by interviewing the community involved in the Self-Sufficient Village program in 2009, namely farmers, extension workers, officials in the Forestry Service Branch and officials in Perum Perhutani. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using a Likert Scale. The results showed that perceptions and attitudes of the community towards the development of nyamplung are as follows: First, nyamplung is suitable to be developed for environmental functions, namely as a windbreak, which protects agricultural land near the sea to remain productive; Second, nyamplung is not profitable to be developed for biofuel business because the price of nyamplung seeds is low and the processing of nyamplung seeds requires a modern machine; and Third, the development of nyamplung for biofuels does not have the support of the community. They are not willing to plant nyamplung on their own land, are not interested in processing nyamplung seeds for biofuel and are not interested in collecting and selling nyamplung seeds.

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