Comparative analysis of the leading countries with Turkey in terms of bioethanol raw materials

Strategic importance of oil and gas supplies has increased in recent years. To diversify energy sources and to engage local resources for energy supply in countries with high external dependency has become very important. In the study, the raw material for bioethanol is evaluated in terms of compliance with the conditions of Turkey. Possible mandatory blending rates of bioethanol are assessed in terms of Turkish domestic agricultural production capacity. A comparative analysis on the best raw material cultivated in Turkey as source for bioethanol production is made.

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IPTEK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK MENJADI BIOKOMPOSER PADA KELOMPOK TANI PADI SRI SUKOREJO PASURUAN

Jurnal Terapan Abdimas ◽

10.25273/jta.v2i0.977 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

MUH. ANIAR HARI SWASONO ◽

MISBACH MUNIR

Keyword(s):

Production Management ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Raw Material ◽

Local Resources ◽

Farmer Groups ◽

Organic Waste Treatment

AbstractProgram IbM aims to 1) Establishing independent farmers in meeting the needs of fertilizer in rice farming, 2) create a technology organic waste treatment based on local resources, 3) Improving the knowledge and ability of farmer groups in production management manufacture bio composer, 4) Increasing awareness group peasants in farming that takes into account the principles of sustainable agriculture, 5) Establish new entrepreneurs that can increase farmers’ income. Target in the program IbM among others: 1) each farmer group has insight and knowledge of manufacturing technology bio composer, 2) each farmer group capable of processing organic waste (livestock manure, hump-banana stems, household organic waste), 3 ) each farmer group is able to manage the business bio composer well, managing of raw material supplies, scheduling, and organizing production capacity, 4) any farmer groups have treatment plants bio composer and its place, 5) any farmer groups can utilize thrasher organic materials, making it easier to cutting-banana stem weevil, vegetables or fruit. The method used in this activity are: 1) Training processing organic wastes into bio composer, 2) demo and facilitation manufacture bio composer together with farmer groups, 3) training and development of production management, 4) Training in the management of the finance, 5) leadership training (leadership) for the management, 6) Develop business into new profitable venture and 7) Making the MOL bio composer installation together with all members of the farmer group partners. The result is 1) Most members of farmer groups (Partner) can range from 90% in the manufacturing process bio composer, 2) Most of the members of farmer groups (Partner) around 85% could be in the process of production management (scheduling, setting raw materials and cooperation in the process of making bio composer, 3) Preparation of installation bio composer in farmers’ groups (partners) have completed 100% and readily used by farmer groups, 4) the Chairman of the farmers’ group has adopted the division of tasks according to their respective division and started making administrative performance reports and financial statements, although still modest. AbstrakProgram IbM ini bertujuan untuk 1) Membentuk petani mandiri dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pupuk pada usahatani padi, 2) menciptakan teknologi pengolahan limbah organik berbasis sumberdaya lokal, 3) Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan kelompok tani dalam manajemen produksi pembuatan biokomposer, 4) Meningkatkan kepedulian kelompok tani dalam berusahatani yang memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip pertanian berkelanjutan, 5) Membentuk wirausaha baru yang dapat menambah pendapatan petani. Target dalam program IbM ini antara lain: 1) setiap kelompok tani memiliki wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang teknologi pembuatan biokomposer, 2) setiap kelompok tani mampu mengolah limbah organik (kotoran ternak, bonggol- batang pisang, limbah organik rumah tangga), 3) setiap kelompok tani mampu mengelola usahabiokomposer dengan baik, mengelola dari kebutuhan bahan baku, penjadwalan, dan mengatur kapasitas produksi, 4) setiap kelompok tani memiliki unit instalasi pengolahan biokomposer beserta tempatnya, 5) setiap kelompok tani dapat memanfaatkan mesin pencacah bahan organik, sehingga lebih mudah dalam pemotongan bonggol-batang pisang, sayur atau buah. Metode pendekatan yang dipakai dalam kegiatan ini adalah: 1) Pelatihan pengolahan limbah organik menjadi biokomposer, 2) demo dan pendampingan pembuatan biokomposer bersama-sama dengan kelompok tani, 3) Pelatihan dan pembinaan manajemen produksi, 4) Pelatihan dalam pengelolaan manajemen keuangan, 5) Pelatihan leadership(kepemimpinan) bagi pengurus, 6) Mengembangkan usaha menjadi usaha baru yang menguntungkan dan 7) Pembuatan instalasi biokomposer MOL bersama- sama dengan seluruh anggota kelompok tani mitra. Hasilnya adalah 1) Sebagian besar anggota kelompok tani (Mitra) berkisar 90% bisa dalam proses pembuatan biokomposer, 2) Sebagian besar anggota kelompok tani (Mitra) berkisar 85% bisa dalam proses manajemen produksi (penjadwalan, pengaturan bahan baku dan kerjasama dalam proses pembuatan biokomposer, 3) Pembuatan instalasi biokomposer di kelompok tani (mitra) sudah selesai 100% dan siap digunakan oleh kelompok tani, 4) Ketua kelompok tani sudah menerapkan pembagian tugas sesuai devisi masing- masing dan mulai membuat administrasi laporan kinerja dan laporan keuangan meskipun masih sederhana.

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Peningkatan Produksi, Pencatatan Kartu Persediaan Dan Pemasaran Sale Pisang UD Sumber Alam Buana di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

LOYALITAS, Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.30739/loyal.v2i2.491 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Dilla Cattleyana ◽

Adytira Rachman

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Raw Material ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Cutting Knife ◽

Typical Food ◽

Online Stores ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

E Mail

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) has an important role in the Indonesian economy, one of which can help the per capita income of the Indonesian state, especially in Banyuwangi Regency, as well as in the UM Banana Sale UD UD. Sumber Alam Buana, located at the eastern end of the island of Java, precisely in Banyuwangi. The UMKM is one of Banyuwangi's original typical food businesses from Ambon banana raw material, bearing in mind that typical food is identical to souvenirs (souvenirs) when visiting Banyuwangi, certainly not forgetting to bring and share them with you. However, there are problems in the field of production of UD Banana Banana UD, namely the low production capacity of processing banana raw materials because it still uses a cutting knife and the appropriate method has not been applied to record raw materials or finished goods so that the owner is less able to control the cycle of raw materials or finished goods. While in the marketing sector it is still conventional to be entrusted in a gift shop so that it can only wait for whether the product is sold or vice versa. The solution to the development activities of UMKM Sale Banana UD Sumber Alam Buana includes counseling and training using a banana chopper tool that is more efficient than a knife that has been used to chop banana raw materials. Whereas in terms of recording to help partners to control raw material inventory and finished goods efficiently and effectively, the need for training knowledge and assistance to owners and employees using a perpetual method stock card (inventory). To expand market share that has demanded the use of technology, training is held to make e-mail as a portal to access several e-commerce websites and to open online stores through social media such as Facebook and others. The results achieved in the Community Service program are the development of this business in terms of increasing production capacity, managing raw materials, expanding markets and increasing income.

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PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL BUILDING STONE- LIMESTONE IN THE REPUBLIC SRPSKA

Archives for Technical Sciences ◽

10.7251/afts.2015.0712.027m ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Slobodan Majstorović ◽

Vladimir Malbašić ◽

Miodrag Čelebić

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Building Stone ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Standard Quality ◽

The Republic ◽

Fragmentation Of Production ◽

Republika Srpska

Curent situation of raw material base and study of limestone like construction stone deposits in the Republic of Serbian were relatively poorly considered during the last decades, and the main problems are the following: low production capacity fragmentation of production, needs for raw materials homogenization and delivering of standard quality, undeveloped market, the recession of the domestic economy and the economies in the region, the relatively low level of exploration by many deposits, especially lack of knowledge of the occurrence legality for certain types and quality of raw materials and lack of complete quality indicators for raw material, which sometimes causes the utilization of only the highest quality deposit parts.This paper provides an overview of active quarries in the Republic Srpska with exploitation of limestone like technical building stone and present an attempt to determine the basic quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw material and the current working conditions at these quarries. The purpose of such a review would be in an effort to create a clearer picture about production, market, social and other aspects of the limestone exploitation in the Republika Srpska and the realistic possibilities of maintaining and developing of these mineral resources utilization, which can certainlybe interesting for the development of many other industries in the Republic Srpska.

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THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

10.34220/mmeitsic2021_270-273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Opara ◽

Natalia Azarova

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Human Life ◽

Raw Material ◽

Green Economy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

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PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM PKM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PERMEN JELLY BUAH DAN JELLY SAYURAN DI KOTA MALANG

Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat ◽

10.30737/jaim.v3i1.539 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zainul Arifin ◽

Istutik Istutik ◽

Amir Kusnanto

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Financial Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Online Marketing ◽

Raw Material ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Production Facilities

Candy is a snack that is loved by children and adolescents, because it tastes sweet, has a distinctive aroma and is affordable. Many types of candy both made from artificial ingredients and from natural ingredients. Specially soft and chewy jelly candy is much loved by young people.A businessman partner named Dian Falah Fitriyana, ST is located at Jl. Ikan Hiu II / 19 Tunjungsekar Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City innovates by producing jelly candy from fruit raw materials (apple jelly candy and dragon fruit jelly candy) and made from vegetable raw materials (Moringa jelly candy and carrot jelly candy). As it is known that apples, dragon fruit and vegetable Moringa and carrots have many health benefits. Raw material for jelly candy is only taken from the juice and not added with preservatives.The purpose of the PKM program is to increase the production capacity of partner entrepreneurs and provide online marketing training, training and accounting assistance, so that partner entrepreneurs can make financial reports needed for a productive business.The problem of micro entrepreneurs in general is not being able to increase their production because of limited capital, which has the effect of not being able to add or replace their more modern production facilities. Marketing limitations and not doing financial records properly. The Community Partnership Program (PKM), which provides production support equipment and management improvements, will certainly increase production outputThe solutions offered by the PKM program to increase the production capacity of partner entrepreneurs are to provide juicers, sterilitators, sealers, digital scales, LPG ovens, containers, trays, containers. Meanwhile, to improve financial management and product marketing, the Team provides training and mentoring in accounting and marketing training. It is expected that partner entrepreneurs are able to make financial records (cash flow) and market their products through internet marketing.Partner entrepreneurs with the help of new equipment from the PKM program are targeting production to increase by 50% to 100%. This optimistic target is achieved due to juice, sterilitators, chopper machines, large ovens and more modern production facilities, entrepreneurs will be able to serve the demands of more consumers.The progress of PKM program activities has reached 70% of the target, but there are still activities to assist in making financial reporting and online marketing.

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Problems of sustainability of production of the agro-industrial complex of the West Kazakhstan region

Вестник Казахского университета экономики, финансов и международной торговли ◽

10.52260/2304-7216.2020.1(42).5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Б.Т. Базарова ◽

Б.Қ. Копбулсынова ◽

Ж.А. Аймешева ◽

B. Bazarova ◽

B. Kopbulsynova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

The West ◽

Processing Industry ◽

West Kazakhstan ◽

The Impact

Батыс Қазақстан облысындағы кәсіпорындардың эволюциясы экономикалық дамудың жалпы циклдік сипатына байланысты да, әр түрлі сыртқы және ішкі факторлардың осы салаға әсер етуінен, сондай-ақ даму процесінде сөзсіз ауытқулар салдарынан ауытқуларға ұшырайды. Батыс Қазақстан облысының аймақтық агроөнеркәсіптік кешенін тұрақты дамытудың басымдықтары талдау арқылы анықталуы керек. Зерттеудің мақсаты - Батыс Қазақстан облысының агроөнеркәсіптік кешенінің тиімді және тұрақты дамуын зерттеу болып табылады. Бұл тақырыпты зерттеу кезінде статистикалық-экономикалық әдіс, талдау және синтез қолданылды. Ауылшаруашылық кешенінің жеке аймақ ретінде тұрақты дамуы да, жалпы елдің де дамуы ауылшаруашылық кешенінің тұрақты қалыптасуынсыз мүмкін емес, себебі оның түпкі өнімі қайта өңдеу өнеркәсібі болып табылады, ал оның мақсаты - талаптарына сай халықты сапалы өніммен қамтамасыз ету. Талдау көрсеткендей, ауылшаруашылық өндірісінің қазіргі жағдайы, қолайсыз факторлардың әсерінің күшеюімен сипатталады, ең алдымен табиғи факторлардың өндірісінде, жалпы өсімдік шаруашылығы өнімінің жылдық айырмашылықтарын тудырады, және өз кезегінде мал шаруашылығындағы ауытқуларға әкеледі, сонымен қатар оның әсері өңдеуші салаларда сезіледі, ал бұл өнеркәсіптің шикізаты болып табылады. Зертеу барысында 2015 жылдан бастап Батыс Қазақстан облысының аумағында ауыл шаруашылығы өнімдері өндірісінің күрт төмендегені анықталды, бұл жалпы, сондай-ақ өсімдік шаруашылығы мен мал шаруашылығы салалары бойынша да өндіріс тұрақтылығының төмендеуіне әкелді, және ол бүгінгі күнге дейін жалғасуда. Агроөнеркәсіптік кешеннің шикізат саласындағы өндіріс тұрақтылығының төмендеуі қайта өңдеу өнеркәсібі өнімдерін өндіруде ауытқулардың артуына әкеліп соқтырды, бұның нәтижесінде халыққа азық-түлік өнімдерін ұсынуда тұрақсыздық пайда болды. Батыс Қазақстан облысының АӨК-ін оның салаларының өнімділігі мен кірістілігін арттыруға бағытталған одан әрі дамыту өндірісті жаңғыртуды және қайта жарақтандыруды, оның инфрақұрылымын дамытуды және салалық кластерлерді қалыптастыруды талап етеді. Кілт сөздер: агроөнеркәсіп кешені, тербеліс, аграрлық сектор, өндіріс, халық саны, агротехника, экономика, талдау, өнімдер, өсімдік шаруашылығы. The evolution of enterprise in the West Kazakhstan region is subject to fluctuations due to both the general cyclical nature of economic development and the impact of various external and internal factors on this industry, as also fluctuations unavoidable in the evolution process. The priorities for sustainable evolution of the regional agro-industrial complex of the West Kazakhstan region should be identified through analysis. The goal of the research is to study the effective and sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of the West Kazakhstan region. Through studies this topic, the statistical-economic method, analysis and synthesis were used. Sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of both a particular region and the country as a whole is impossible without the stable functioning of its core - agriculture, the final product of which is used by the processing industry, whose goal is to provide the population with high-quality products in volumes that meet their requirements. Current state of agricultural production, as the analysis shows, is characterized by an increase in the influence of unfavorable factors on production, first of all natural ones, which cause annual differences in the production of gross crop production, which, in turn, convey fluctuations to the livestock industry and, as a result, affects the processing industries. it is the raw material of the industry. In the course of the study, it was found that, since 2015, in the territory of the West Kazakhstan region, there has been a sharp decline in agricultural production, which led to a decrease in the stability of production in general, and in the fields of crop and livestock production, which continues to the present. A decrease in the sustainability of production in the raw materials sector of the agro-industrial complex entailed an increase in fluctuations in the production of products of the processing industry, which ultimately resulted in the emergence of an instability in the supply of food to the population. Further development of the agro-industrial complex of the West Kazakhstan region, aimed at increasing the productivity and profitability of its industries, requires the modernization and re-equipment of production, the development of its infrastructure and the formation of industry clusters.

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An Introduction to the Foreign Trade of Mesopotamia In the Light of Cuneiform Documentation of the Third and Second Millennium BC.

Al-Adab Journal ◽

10.31973/aj.v1i120.305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (120) ◽

pp. 91-104

Author(s):

Nawala A. Al-Mutawalli

Keyword(s):

Foreign Trade ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Daily Life ◽

Alluvial Plain ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sheep Breeding ◽

The Third ◽

The People ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Ancient Iraq is very well known as an agricultural economic country, especially, the middle and the southern parts of Mesopotamia, which was called “the Land of Sumer and Akkad “, it's a very rich agricultural country. Sumer's economy was based on agriculture, fishing, and cattle and sheep breeding. Lived on the products of the fertile, irrigated soil, and this situation was clearly reflected in the cuneiform texts unearthed from many sites from the third and second millennium BC. And due to the young geological composition of Mesopotamia, the alluvial plain of ancient Sumer lacked so much important raw materials, these of materials were needed by the craftsmen of Sumer and Akkad for the industry, works of art and daily life. These raw material were, deferent kinds of stone, timber, and metal, therefore, the need for these materials led to exchange what the people had from the agricultural production and industrial goods and material produced by the workshops of temple or palace, such as: animal hides, leather manufactures, wool, oil, cereals, dates, textile, wild and domesticated animals,…etc., also what not existing in the country ([i]) Leemans, W.F., "The Importance of Trade", Iraq-39, (1977), p. 4. Al-Hashimi, Rihdah Jawad, "Obsidian Stone and the Origin of Trade" Sumer-28, (1972), p. 203ff.

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NILAI TAMBAH KEDELAI MENJADI TAHU KUNING DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHINYA

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v18i1.47688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Dinda Yunita Yosifani ◽

Ratna Satriani ◽

Dindy Darmawati Putri

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Raw Material ◽

Added Value ◽

Labor Income ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Output Price ◽

For Profit ◽

June July ◽

Home Industries

One of the home industries for processing soybeans into tofu is located in Kalisari Village, which has been producing since 1965. This business serves as a diversification of the business that can increase household income. This study aims to 1) determine the added value of soybeans obtained by producers, 2) determine the distribution of the added value of soybeans to yellow tofu, and 3) determine the factors that affect the added value of soybean on yellow tofu production. The research was conducted on tofu producer in the Sari Delai Group in Kalisari Village, Cilongok Sub-district, Banyumas Regency in June-July 2020. Then added value analysis is carried out by using the method of Hayami and multiple linear regression. The results showed that 1 kg of soybean raw material used for yellow tofu will provide an added value of Rp. 11,628.00. The distribution of added value for labor income was 13.38 percent, other input contributions by 18.54 percent and for profit 68%. The production capacity, raw materials, labor, output price and other input contributions have significant effect on the added value of yellow tofu production. In contrast, labor wage and raw material prices have no effect on the added value of yellow tofu production.

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Factors of achieving and ensuring energy security in the context of national and EuroAtlantic security

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202134204011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 342 ◽

pp. 04011

Author(s):

Nicolae Daniel Fîţă ◽

Emilia Grigorie

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Energy Security ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Global Climate ◽

Political Stability ◽

High Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Final Conclusion ◽

Material Sources

Energy security, alongside with industrial, food, societal, environmental and sustainable development, information, cyber, economic, defense and national order security, etc., is part of the concept of national security of a state. The level of security of a state is the ability of that state to aggregate resources internally and gain or maintain access to external economic resources. Energy security means being ensured in terms of raw material sources, control of transportation and distribution routes and alternatives. Sufficient and available raw material resources are an urgent prerequisite for achieving energy security. Any longer interruption of energy supply has a negative effect on the economic growth, the political stability and the welfare of the citizens of a state. The following elements of energy security instability can endanger a state’s energy security: risks (physical, economic, geopolitical, geostrategic, social, environmental protection, etc.); threats (terrorist action, political, industrial, economic and national instability, armed conflicts, piracy, etc.); dangers (lack of energy supply and/or raw materials, the finite nature of energy resources, use of energy as a pressure instrument or energy weapon, use of energy revenues to support undemocratic regimes, high energy costs for developing countries and global climate change) and vulnerabilities (natural and/or anthropogenic hazards). For the purpose to ensure the stability of national and EuroAtlantic security, the following factors are proposed by authors to achieve and ensure energy security: 25 proposed way to achieving energy security; 8 proposed way to ensuring energy security, and 9 proposed scenarios to quantification energy security almost complete. The final conclusion is: the energy security of a state is in fact the national security of that state.

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Dampak Krisis Ekonomi Terhadap Kinerja Industri Susu Segar Dalam Negeri = The Impact of Economic Crisis Toword The Performence of Domestic Dairy Industry

Agro Ekonomi ◽

10.22146/agroekonomi.16785 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Dewa K.S Swastika ◽

Nyak Ilham ◽

Ikin Sadikin

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Price ◽

Efficient Technology ◽

Fresh Milk ◽

The Impact

The Indonesian Dairy Industry wa.s well developed until mid 1997, due to some government protective policies, such as credit far imported dam cattle. and domestic market security. (;orernment determined the Milk Ratio (the ratio between domestic fresh milk and imported milk) that should he satisfied/ by the multinational milk processors (IPS) to run their milk processing lactories. However, the domestic .fresh milk production was not sufficient to meet the raw material far their Jactories. Therefore, in 1996, about 67% of raw materials has w he imported, especially from Australia and New Zealand, At least there were m.o/actors resulting a high import of dairy product. First, the domestic dairy production capacity was limited: second the Indonesian dairy industry was considered as inefficient, so that the price of domesticfresh milk was claimed to be more expensive compared to imported milk. The economic crisis starting from mid 1997, resulting in a high price of imported dairy cattle and feed. On the other hand, this crisis also resulting in a significant increase in price of imported milk. Therefore, the demand for domestic fresh milk by IPS was significantly increased The observations in 6 milk cooperatives (in East and West Java) showed that since economic crisis, all fresh milk offered by all cooperatives to IPS was absorbed. Even IPS provided some incentives (higher price and bonus).* the farmers who have a better quality of milk. There was also price adjustment given by IPS from about Rp. 600 hr in 1996 97 to about Rp. 900 and then about Rp. 1100 ltr in 1998 99. However, the farmers was still complaining. because if they compare milk price to rice price, they recognize that before crisis I liter milk was equivalent to 0.6 kg rice, but after crisis 1 liter milk was equivalent to only 0.4 kg rice. The most important issue that should be anticipated is that "if exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar is increased, then imported milk will be cheaper, and IPS will tend to import milk rather than buying domestic fresh milk If this case is happening, it will be a nightmare to farmers who do dairy farm. Therefore, the development and transfer of the more efficient technology in dairy industry should be given a high priority.

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