scholarly journals Kondisi Optimum Reaksi Vulkanisasi Minyak Jarak Kepyar dengan Sulfur dalam Pembentukan Faktis Cokelat Bermutu Tinggi, Optimum Condition of Castor Oil Vulcanization With Sulphur on High Quality Brown Factice Formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Santi Puspitasari ◽  
Eva Lilis Nurgilis ◽  
Zulhan Arif
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sulphur Concentration ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition ◽  
Processing Aids

<p>Manufaktur produk karet diawali oleh pembuatan kompon karet dengan cara mencampurkan karet dengan bahan kimia. Salah satu bahan kimia utama karet adalah bahan bantu olah yang berfungsi untuk mempermudah pencampuran dan distribusi bahan kimia terutama bahan pengisi dalam matriks karet. Faktis cokelat yang dihasilkan dari vulkanisasi minyak nabati dengan sulfur merupakan bahan bantu olah karet yang banyak digunakan dalam industri hilir karet. Dalam reaksi vulkanisasi terjadi pembentukan ikatan silang antar trigliserida dalam minyak nabati yang dijembatani oleh sulfur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menen-tukan kondisi optimum pembentukan faktis cokelat pada skala laboratorium berkapasitas 200 ml/<em>batch</em> dari minyak jarak kepyar sebagai sumber trigliserida yang direaksikan dengan sulfur (23 dan 24 bsm) pada berbagai suhu (150<sup>o</sup>C, 160<sup>o</sup>C, dan 170<sup>o</sup>C). Penentuan kondisi optimum reaksi didasarkan pada hasil karak-terisasi visualisasi fisik dan sifat kimia faktis cokelat yang diperoleh. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimal reaksi vulkanisasi pembentukan faktis cokelat tercapai pada suhu 150<sup>o</sup>C dan penambahan sulfur 24 bsm. Pada kondisi reaksi vulkanisasi tersebut diperoleh faktis cokelat yang memiliki spesifikasi mutu terbaik meliputi kadar ekstrak aseton 52,43%, kadar sulfur bebas sebesar 1,20%, kadar abu 0,11%, dan pH sebesar 6,45 dan derajat ikatan silang 3,2 x 10<sup>-4</sup> mol/mL. Faktis ini berwarna cokelat dan bertekstur kenyal. Mengacu pada sifat tersebut, faktis cokelat yang diperoleh layak dikembangkan pada skala yang lebih tinggi.</p><p> </p><p>Manufacture of rubber goods is began with rubber compounding by mixing the rubber with its chemicals including processing aids. The function of processing aids is to facilitate the compounding process. Brown factice from vulcanization of vegetable oil with sulphur, is the most processing aid being used in downstream rubber industry. During vulcanization, the triglyceride content on vegetable oil form crosslink which is bridged by sulphur. The research was aimed to determine the optimum condition of brown factice formation at laboratory scale (200 ml/batch) from castor oil which was reacted with various sulphur concentration (23 and 24 pho) and themperature of reaction (150<sup>o</sup>C, 160<sup>o</sup>C, dan 170<sup>o</sup>C). The determination of optimum condition was based on brown factice characteristic such physical visualization and chemical properties. The result showed that the optimum reaction condition was gained at themperature reaction of 150<sup>o</sup>C and sulphur concentration of 24 pho. By those condition, the brown factice had 52.43% extract acetone content, 1.20% free sulphur content, 0.11% ash content and pH 6.45 and crosslink density as 3.2 x 10<sup>-4</sup> mol/mL. The brown factice also had good brown color and elastic texture. Based on its properties, the brown factice achieved was feasible to be developed at higher scale.</p>

scholarly journals Synthesis of Biolubricant via Chemical Modification from Vegetable Oil Blend using Heterogeneous Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2021-2026
Author(s):  
S. Rajwani ◽  
P.K.S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Blend

Present study reports the synthesis of biolubricant synthesis from the vegetable oil blend [dehydrated castor oil (DCO) and waste ricebran oil (WRBO)] using heterogeneous catalyst and its physico-chemical properties. The biolubricant was synthesized from blend of vegetable oils using two chemical modification processes i.e. synthesizing methyl esters of blend oil using sodium methoxide as catalyst and then epoxidation of synthesized methyl esters using Amberlite IR-120 strongly acidic ion-exchange resin. The biolubricant sample was examined by 1H & 13C NMR and FT-IR analysis. Viscosity index, rheological properties, thermal stability and pour point values of chemical and structurally modified blend oil (i.e. biolubricant) (Tonset = 215 ºC, iodine value (IV) = 197.5, pour point (PP) = -4.5 ºC) showed notable improvement than that from blend oil methyl esters (Tonset = 181 ºC, iodine value (IV) = 167.65, pour point (PP) = -9.5 ºC). Thus, a blend of non-edible oil (dehydrated castor oil) and waste cooking oil (WRBO) is likely to be used potentially as biolubricant basestock for hydraulic applications.

Review on Extraction and Characterization of Castor Seed Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fitri Jamil ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Norridah Osman ◽  
Katsuki Kusakabe ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Extraction

Extraction of castor oil is important in determination of the quality of castor oil extracted. The quality of castor oil being extracted has to meet the ASTM standard that has been produced. The way of extraction can be either mechanical extraction or chemical extraction that is practically used in the industry which give the highest yield of oil extracted. Castor oil is mainly composed of ricinoleic acid in high concentration. It is a unique vegetable oil that contains high content of fatty hydroxyacid.

scholarly journals Novel Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Selegiline Hydrochloride in Bulk and Its Pharmaceutical Preparation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumble Divya ◽  
Badiadka Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

A simple and highly selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of selegiline hydrochloride in bulk and formulations. Method A is based on the oxidation of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone in the presence of ceric ammonium sulphate, followed by its coupling reaction with drug to form a colored product having λmax of 629 nm. Method B is based on the coupling reaction of drug with 4-aminoantipyrine to give a new ligand that reacts with copper(II) to give intense bluish red colored chelate which is measured at 539 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 10.00–85.00 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 0.98×104 for method A and 20.00–120.00 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 0.94×104 for method B. The optimum reaction condition and the analytical parameters are evaluated. The results obtained indicate that the methods are free from interference of the ingredients; thus they are successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations.

Investigation on the Chemical and Physical Properties of Vegetable Oil-Based Polyols for their Potential Application as Asphalt Rejuvenators

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Nciri ◽  
Jeong Hyun Kim ◽  
Nam Ho Kim ◽  
Nam Jun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

Up to date, no extravagant attempts have been made to use the vegetable oil-based polyols as rejuvenator agents for aged asphalts. In this context, the nature and composition of these biodegradable products need to be identified and physicochemical properties of different nature of compounds need to be measured. Three different vegetable oil-based polyols designed as castor oil polyol, soybean flexible polyol, and soybean rigid polyol were characterized by FT-IR, TLC-FID, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR and by the determination of some usual characteristics such as acid value, hydroxyl value, iodine value, and viscosity. It is speculated that the soybean flexible polyol may serve as a potential rejuvenator for aged asphalts.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RED BOOK OF SOILS FOR MONITORING AND JUSTIFICATION OF CONSERVATION MEASURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S. Bezuglova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Soil Maps ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Background Data ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Rostov Region belongs to the highly protected natural territories characterized by the continuous plowing. There territories are the only reserves with the soils preserved in their natural state. However, these areas often lack detailed information about the soils quality and composition. Surveying soils on these territories is crucial for determination of their basic physical and chemical properties. The resulted compilation of soil maps could lay a foundation for creating the Red Book of Soils and the formation of a section in the soil-geographical database of the Russian Federation. Subsequently, such information can be used as a background data for the main types of soils in the region. It will be also valuable during monitoring and justification of conservation measures.

scholarly journals Concurrent chromatographic determination of pseudoephedrine and loratadine from combination syrups and tablets

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Osman Abu Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Analytical Challenge ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
System Suitability ◽  
Nonpolar Compounds

Abstract Background Chromatographic separation of polar and nonpolar compounds when presented in combined dosage forms has always been considered as great analytical challenge. Separation and retention of both polar and nonpolar compounds by the same stationary phase can be a useful approach for analyses of complex samples with such a difference in chemical properties. Loratadine (nonpolar) and pseudoephedrine (polar) are typical examples of this situation. Results The Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the separation process, an efficient separation of loratadine and pseudoephedrine was achieved within 6 min; employing a mixture of 16.0 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (23:77, v/v) as isocratic mobile phase, pumped at 1.0 mL/min through a Zorbax cyanopropyl column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), the analytes were detected at 250 nm. Under the same conditions, separation of sodium benzoate preservative co-formulated with the two analytes in syrup formulation was also achieved. The calibration curve demonstrated excellent linearity in the range of 24.6–123.2 μg/mL and 594.8–2974.0 μg/mL for loratadine and pseudoephedrine, respectively with determination coefficient (r2) > 0.999. Conclusion The method’s accuracy bias < 2.0%, repeatability and intermediate precision (%RSD < 2.0%) were verified. In addition, system suitability parameters were found within the acceptable limits. Satisfactory results were obtained upon the application of the validated method to the analysis of commercial tablet and syrup formulations.

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