scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Neem, Mahogany and Surian Seeds on Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus Larva (Tenebrionidae : Coleoptera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Wida Darwiati ◽  
Ujang Wawan Darmawan ◽  
Cheppy Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Seed Extracts ◽  
Significant Mortality

<em>Neem, mahogany, and surian seeds contain secondary metabolites that can be used as biopesticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of neem, mahogany, and surian seed extracts to the larvae of the </em>Tenebrio molitor<em> L. (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) </em><em>at laboratory scale. The stages of the research were the preparation of seed extracts, phytochemical analysis of the extracts, and efficacy of extracts against </em>T. molitor<em> larvae. Dried seeds of neem, sur</em><em>ian, and mahogany (water content &lt; 10%) were ground (100 mesh) and macerated with 95% ethanol solvent for seven hours at 70 <sup>o</sup>C. The alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/the triterpenoid were then analyzed. The effectiveness of the extracts was  tested</em><em>against the 3<sup>rd</sup> larva of </em>T. molinor<em>. The experiment</em><em> designed in Randomize block design, three replications, each with ten larvae. The first factor was seed extracts (neem, surian, and mahogany), while the second factor was five levels of extract concentration (</em><em>0 mg;l<sup>-1</sup>, 9 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>, 15 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>, 30 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> and 45 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>). Phytochemical analysis showed that mahogany seeds contained alkaloids and triterpenoids. Meanwhile, surian seeds contained tannin, alkaloid, steroid/triterpenoid, but neem seeds contained saponin and alkaloids. The mahogany, surian, and neem seed  extracts were effective in causing significant mortality to </em>T. molitor<em> larvae. Ethanol extract of neem seeds was more toxic to larvae (LC<sub>50</sub> = 0.72 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>), compared to mahogany (LC<sub>50</sub> = 5.2 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>) and sur</em><em>ian (LC<sub>50</sub> = 7.02 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>). Mimba seed extract is more prospective to be developed as a botanical insecticide.</em>

scholarly journals Effect of Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis Leaves Ethanol Extract in suppressing Brown PlantHopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) Populations on Rice Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Martua Suhunan Sianipar ◽  
Tarkus Suganda ◽  
Azhhar Hadyarrahman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

The Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is one of the pests that often causes rice crop failure in rice. One way to control N. lugens pests is to use of botanical insecticide. The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of A. cordifolia leaves ethanol in suppressing N. lugens populations. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RDB) with 8 treatments and 4 replications. The A. cordifolia leaves ethanol extract concentration tested in this experiment consisted of 0,5%; 0,75%; 1%; 1,5%; and 2%.  The results of the experiment showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves with a concentration of 1%, 1.5% and 2% cause mortality of N. lugens by 52.50%, 56.25%, and 61.25% on the 14th day after application. Based on the results of this experiment, the ethanol extract of A.cordifolia leaves was not effective against N. lugen.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Botanical Extracts Against Major Insect Pests (Leafminer, Armored scale and Woolly Whitefly) of Citrus Plants in Central Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-275
Author(s):  
Fitiwy Ibrahim ◽  
Tsehaye Hadush ◽  
Gebretsadkan Abraha ◽  
Araya Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Neem Seed Extract

Citrus fruit production is suffering from various yield-limiting factors particularly the sucking pests viz, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus and scale insects especially armored scales Aonidiella auriantii. The present paper tries to identify the effective botanical insecticides against these insect pests on citrus orange. An experiment was conducted in the established citrus orange farm in Kolla Temben at two farmer’s fields, Adiha and Agibe during the off-season of 2018 under irrigation growing condition in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and replicated thrice. The findings in both experimental sites showed that the neem seed extract had a significantly (P=0.001) lower leafminer infestation levels compared to the untreated control which is on par to the insecticide treatment of dimethoate. On the other hand, in both areas, whitefly mortality of more than 81% on average was recorded from neem seed extract followed by Tree tobacco (70%) (P=0.001). For scale insects however, in both experimental sites, the highest mean percent mortality was recorded from the insecticide dimethoate 40% EC (86.9%, 87.2 & 86.0%on average) followed by neem seed and tree tobacco extracts,70.1 and 65.4% respectively. The botanicals particularly the neem seed extracts followed by tree tobacco are as effective as the chemical insecticide, dimethoate 40% EC, even superior in some cases, in controlling the target pests. Therefore, these botanicals could be used as an IPM component for against the target pests.

Effectiveness of Some Plant Materials against Jute Yellow Mite on Corchorus Olitorius

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
B Akter ◽  
M Ali ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract ◽  
Powder Extract ◽  
Seed Extracts

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of plant materials against yellow mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) on jute (Corchorus olitorius) cv. 0–9897 in both greenhouse and field condition at BJRI during the period from March to October 2016. In greenhouse premises, the highest mortality (69.39, 67.77, 63.86, 62.43 and 61.47%) was recorded in extract of neem seed kernel @ 1:20, mehogony seed, pithraj seed, turmeric powder and green neem leaf, respectively. In field condition, the highest reduction (70.20%) of infestation over control, lowest nodes plant–1 (52.50), tallest plant (3.10 m) and highest yield increased (38.60%) over control were observed in neem seed kernel extract @ 1:20. In conclusion, neem seed kernel extract, mahogany seed extracts, pithraj seed extract, green neem leaf extract and turmeric powder extract @ 1:20 can be safely used by the farmers as components of IPM program of Jute. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 165-170, 2019

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Biological Activity of Cucurbita Seed Extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 813-821
Author(s):  
Sumathi Ethiraj ◽  
Janarthanam Balasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Seed Extracts

The present study was performed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenol, tannin content, antioxidant and antibacterial activity from seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima (Tindivanam). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active ingredients such as steroids, cardioglycosides, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins in the seed extract of Cucurbita pepo followed by Cucurbita maxima. Gallic acid (GA), Tannic acid (TA) and Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) were taken as standard in case of total phenol, tannin and antioxidant activity respectively. Total phenol and tannin content were quantitatively estimated which recorded maximum in Cucurbita pepo (8.37±0.2 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g and 20.47 ± 0.37 mg Tannic Acid Equivalents (TAE)/g). The seed extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activities by DPPH (1, 1– Diphenyl -2- picryl - hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Among the two species with different solvents used, maximum antioxidant activity was found in the acetone seed extract (84.27±0.19%) of Cucurbita pepo followed by Cucurbita maxima (67.83 ± 0.37%). Different concentrations of acetone seed extracts were tested for the anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the agar disc diffusion technique. The acetone seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo had superior level of antimicrobial activity. The powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannins compound in the acetone seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Seed Extract of Garcinia kola on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Toxicity in Albino Rat Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
R. B. Ayuba ◽  
M. O. Enemali ◽  
J. P. Mairiga ◽  
G. S. Haruna ◽  
O. N. Ani
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Treatment Groups

Aims: To assess the effect of G. kola ethanol seed extract on CCl4-induced liver toxicity in albino rats. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out. Study Design: Randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria between January and August, 2019. Methodology: Thirty male albino rats were randomly distributed into six groups of five rats each. Group 1, normal control, Group 2, standard control, groups 3–6, test groups all administered for seven days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and liver harvested for histology. Results: Results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids; 1.260±0.00 mg/dl, tannins; 920±0.00 mg/dl, flavonoids; 2.045±0.00 mg/dl, Carbohydrates; 2.00±0.00 mg/dl, Steroids; 0.012±0.00 mg/dl and Cardiac glycosides; 1.25±0.00 mg/dl, saponins, terpenes and anthroquinones were absent. AST in groups 3, 4 and 5 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when compared to control. ALT was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in all the treatment groups (4, 5, 6) compared to the control groups (1 and 2). ALP activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the test groups compared to the normal control. Total bilirubin increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the treatment groups compared to the controls. Direct Bilirubin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment groups (5, 6) compared to the normal control. GSH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups compared to the control. CAT and SOD showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the treatment groups when compared to the control groups. Photomicrographs of the liver showed ballooning degeneration with complete loss of nuclear material. Conclusion: The administered doses in this study did not protect against CCl4 induced liver toxicity in albino rats.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Grape Seed Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Jyothi J. ◽  
Bhavya Sri S. ◽  
Hasan Shaik T. ◽  
Samson Y. ◽  
Jawahar Babu P.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Grape Seed Extracts ◽  
Seed Extracts

In the present investigation, preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of diethyl ether, methanol and aqueous Grape seed extracts were examined. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active ingredients such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins in Grape seed extracts. The antibacterial activity was performed by agar-well diffusion method using different solvent extracts. Three bacterial pathogens such as gram positive- Streptococcus pyogenes and gram negativePectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas putida were used as test organisms. Among the three solvents used methanolic extract was found to be more active against tested pathogenic bacteria, as they showed potential phytochemical constituents. Among all the tested organisms Streptococcus pyogenes was found to be more sensitive by all the extracts. The results of present study supports the usage of Grape seeds and also suggests that methanolic grape seed extract possess compounds with antimicrobial property that can be used as antimicrobial agent for the therapy of infectious diseases caused by pathogens.

Pharmacognostical fingerprinting and selective bioactivity studies of Solanum glaucophyllum Desf.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Sundar Ray ◽  
Suman Kalyan Mandal ◽  
Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Solanum glaucophyllum Desf. (Solanaceae) is traditionally used for curing several health conditions in both human and domesticated animals. There is no data available regarding pharmacognostic standardization and pharmacological activity of this less known medicinal plant. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to prepare pharmacognostic fingerprints of crude drugs obtained from the leaf and stem parts of S. glaucophyllum. Apart from this detailed phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies have also been carried out. Pharmacognostic study revealed that the leaves are amphistomatic and stomata are strictly of anisocytic type. Values of stomatal index, palisade ratio, ash content of the investigated parts are found distinct and can be used as pharmacognostic standards for evaluation of crude drugs of this medicinal plant. Phytochemical studies of the leaf and stem parts indicated that phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids are present in quite impressible amount. Curcumin content in stem was found very high through HPLC analysis. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the stem part showed significant antioxidant potential. Ethanol extract of stem produced maximum inhibition zone (11mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 50 mg/ml among five test microorganisms. Some pharmacognostic features recorded in this study as diagnostic ones will help in proper identification of this ethnomedicinal plant in its fresh as well as dried form. On the other hand preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies highlight the S. glaucophyllum as a promising candidate for bioprospecting.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KONSENTRASI BIOINSEKTISIDA DAUN DAN BIJI MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) TERHADAP KEMATIAN ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Ajiningrum ◽  
I. A. K. Pramushinta
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Army Worm

Red spinach (Alternanthera amoena) is one of the vegetable commodities that many people in demand for consumption because of its high nutritional content. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach often experience various obstacles. The main obstacle that limits the productivity of red spinach in the tropics is the number of Plant Disturbing Organisms  in the form of pests and potential diseases that can attack and decrease the production of spinach. One of the pests that often attack spinach is the existence of army worm (Spodoptera litura F.). Therefore, farmers need a way to eradicate the pest. This research is experimental using Random Complete Group. The data obtained were analyzed with variant analysis (ANOVA) in one direction and continued with LSD (Least Significant Different) test. Provision of botanical insecticide done by spraying the extract of leaves and seeds mimba with concentration dose 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. In the final analysis of mortality data of army worm (Spodoptera litura F.) treated with mimba leaf extract obtained significant value of 76.263 at a significant level of 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is influence of mimba leaf extract on mortality of army worm. In the final analysis of mortality data of army worm (Spodoptera litura F.) treated with mimba seed extract obtained significant value of 78.625 at a significant level of 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is an effect of mimba seeds extract on mortality army worm.   Keywords: mimba leaf extract,  mimba seed extract, red spinach (Alternanthera amoena), army worm (Spodoptera litura F.), botanical insecticide

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