scholarly journals Identifikasi Gen Ketahanan terhadap (Xanthomonasoryzae pv. Oryzae), penyebab Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri padaPlasma Nutfah Padi Lokal Sulawesi Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Siti Yuriyah ◽  
Siti Nurani ◽  
Dwinita W. Utami ◽  
Tiur S. Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Differential Varieties

One of limiting factor in rice production especially in South Sulawesi was the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo). In South Sulawesi, it had been reported that 58% Xoo of race III were dominant in Bone, Sopeng, Wajo, Sidrap, Barru, Pangkep. Meanwhile, 23% of race IV and 19% of race VIII were dominant in Maros. The effort that considered the most effective to control BLB disease was the planting of resistant variety. The rice variety assembling by using the resistance genes from various cultivars gave the opportunity to produce the BLB-resistant variety. This research aimed to identify BLB disease-resistant gene on local rice germplasm from South Sulawesi based on the association analysis between phenotype resistance and genotype marker of resistance gene to Xoo. The analysis of phenotype resistance testing was done by using three races of BLB, races III, IV, and VIII with IRBB differential varieties. Meanwhile, the genotype analysis was done by using the molecular marker linked to BLB-resistant trait. For linkage analysis between the both of data was done the association analysis between the both of data with Cladogram analysis on Tassel Program. The resistance testing result showed almost all of the local rice in South Sulawesi was resistant to race III, 6 accessions were resistant to race IV and 6 accessions were resistant to race VIII. The association analysis result was known the markers that significant to mark the resistance trait from every race. Marker Xa26-SN2 was significant to mark the resistance trait to race III, the marker Xa1-SN15, Xa4-SN44, Xa13-SN51, and Xa21-SN6 were significant to race IV, marker Xa7-SN57 and RM20589 were significant to race VIII. These markers pottentially as a MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) markers that could be used to aasist the selection of local rice germplasm from South Sulawesi.

scholarly journals Otoritas dan Gerakan Keagamaan Daengguru: Studi Sejarah Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Mustari Bosra
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Integration Pattern ◽  
System A ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village ◽  
Central Level

This paper is about the Islamization movement of the kingdoms in South Sulawesi, sointegrated sara 'is into a social institution called pangadereng (Bugis) angadakkang (Makassar). To ensure the upholding of Islamic law, which has been integrated into the social system, a religious bureaucracy (Islam) known aswas formed sara '. The royal bureaucratic officials who handle this institution, from the central level to the village or village level are called parewa sara ', which in this study uses the term daengguru. This integration pattern was developed in almost all Islamic kingdoms in South Sulawesi. Adat has its own field and sharia controls its own field. One another should not disturb each other. When the King of Bone La Maddarremmeng was about to confront Islam and customs, he was opposed by all parties. When Arung Matowa Wajo declared a strong Islamization, he was also evicted from his position.

Tomato viruses especially dangerous for vegetable growing of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Шнейдер ◽  
Е.В. Каримова ◽  
Ю.Н. Приходько ◽  
Е.Н. Лозовая ◽  
Т.С. Живаева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Phytosanitary Measure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Almost All

Томат – важнейшая овощная культура с ежегодным увеличением объемов его производства во всем мире. В Российской Федерации последние несколько лет активно развиваются предприятия защищенного грунта, специализирующиеся на производстве томатов. Вместе с тем растения томата поражают более 200 различных вредителей и болезней. Возбудители вирусных болезней растений – важный ограничивающий фактор для многих отраслей растениеводства, в том числе овощеводства. В последние годы в европейских странах производство томатов в открытом и защищенном грунте пострадало от серьезных потерь, вызванных, главным образом, вирусными фитопатогенами. В статье представлен обзор трех наиболее опасных вирусов, возбудителей болезней томатов – коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино, пятнистого увядания томата. Эти вирусы неоднократно были выявлены в целом ряде стран практически на всех континентах и вызвали значительные экономические потери в странах своего распространения. Ввиду очень быстрого распространения и обнаружения опасных вирусов томата в ряде стран, занимающихся производством и дальнейшим экспортом семян и плодов томатов, Федеральная служба по ветеринарному и фитосанитарному надзору Российской Федерации (Россельхознадзор) с 27 июля 2020 года ввела в качестве временной карантинной фитосанитарной меры требование об отсутствии этих вирусов в семенах, посадочном материале и плодах растений-хозяев при их ввозе и перемещении по территории Российской Федерации. Результаты анализов фитосанитарного риска, проведенных в ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» в 2020 году, показали, что вирусы коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино и пятнистого увядания томата соответствуют критериям карантинных для Российской Федерации организмов, вирусы способны проникнуть на территорию страны с подкарантинной продукцией, распространиться и нанести существенный ущерб развитию сельского хозяйства и экономической деятельности страны. Tomato is the most important vegetable crop with an annual increase in its production worldwide. In the Russian Federation, greenhouse industry specializing in the production of tomatoes have been actively developing over the past few years. At the same time, tomato plants affect more than 200 different pests and diseases. Pathogens of viral diseases of plants are an important limiting factor for many branches of crop production, including vegetable growing. In recent years, in European countries, the production of tomatoes in open field and greenhouses has suffered from serious losses caused mainly by viral phytopathogens. The article presents an overview of the three most dangerous viruses, pathogens of tomato diseases – tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). These viruses have been repeatedly detected in a number of countries on almost all continents and have caused significant economic losses in the countries of their distribution. In view of the very rapid spread and detection of dangerous tomato viruses in a number of countries engaged in the production and further export of tomato seeds and fruits, Rosselkhoznadzor, from July 27, 2020, introduced as a temporary quarantine phytosanitary measure the requirement that these viruses are not present in seeds, planting material and fruits of host plants when they are imported and moved through the territory of the Russian Federation. The results of the phytosanitary risk analyses conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «VNIIKR» in 2020 showed that ToBRFV, PepMV and TSWV meet the criteria of quarantine organisms for the Russian Federation, viruses are able to enter the territory of the country with quarantined products, spread and cause significant damage to the development of agriculture and economic activity of the country.

Dynamics of the rice blast fungal population in the field after deployment of an improved rice variety containing known resistance genes

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Wang ◽  
Jing Su ◽  
Kailing Chen ◽  
Jianyuan Yang ◽  
Shen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Line Field ◽  
Isogenic Lines

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. Management through the deployment of host resistance genes would be facilitated by understanding the dynamics of the pathogen’s population in the field. Here, to investigate the mechanism underlying the breakdown of disease resistance, we conducted a six-year field experiment to monitor the evolution of M. oryzae populations in Qujiang from Guangdong. The new variety of XYZ carrying R genes Pi50 and Pib was developed using the susceptible elite variety, MBYZ, as the recurrent line. Field trails of disease resistance assessment revealed that the disease indices of XYZ in 2012, 2013, 2016, and 2017 were 0.19, 0.39, 0.70, and 0.90, respectively, indicating that XYZ displayed a very rapid increase of disease severity in the field. To investigate the mechanism underlying the quick erosion of resistance of XYZ, we collected isolates from both XYZ and MBYZ for pathogenicity test against 6 different isogenic lines. The isolates collected from XYZ showed a similar virulence spectrum across 4 different years whereas those from MBYZ showed increasing virulence to the Pi50 and Pib isogenic lines from 2012 to 2017. Molecular analysis of AvrPib in the isolates from MBYZ identified four different AvrPib haplotypes, i.e., AvrPib-AP1-1, AvrPib-AP1-2, avrPib-AP2, and avrPib-AP3, verified by sequencing. AvrPib-AP1-1 and AvrPib-AP1-2 are avirulent to Pib whereas avrPib-AP2 and avrPib-AP3 are virulent. Insertions of a Pot3 and an Mg-SINE were identified in avrPib-AP2 and avrPib-AP3, respectively. Two major lineages based on rep-PCR analysis were further deduced in the field population, implying that the field population is composed of genetically related isolates. Our data suggest that clonal propagation and quick dominancy of virulent isolates against the previously resistant variety could be the major genetic events contributing to the loss of varietal resistance against rice blast in the field.

The influence of host-plant on the development of the adult brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and its significance in migration

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Padgham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe development of adults of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on one susceptible and one resistant variety of rice plants of different ages was compared. Throughout the range of plants tested there was an overall trend for the newly moulted adult to synthesise and store a reserve of lipid and to lose most of the stored glycogen accumulated during the nymphal stage. N. lugens has two wing morphs, and whilst lipid deposits were greatest in the macropterous ‘migrant’ males, in females it was the brachypterous ‘reproductive’ insects that had the highest lipid deposits and also the greatest residual body weight. However, because of their lower body weight, the macropterous females had the greater percentage of lipid. Both flight willingness and the percentage of macropterous females showing flight-orientated physiological development increased with the age of the host-plant. Both survival and migration potential were lower in insects reared on the resistant rice variety compared to those reared on the susceptible variety. The pattern of post-flight resynthesis of fuels suggests that more than one major migration is unlikely.

scholarly journals GENETIC STRUCTURE AND ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND GRAIN LENGTH TRAITS IN RICE GERMPLASM ACCESSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Ritu R. Saxena ◽  
◽  
Pratibha V. Mohan ◽  
Hemant Sahu ◽  
Parmeshwar K. Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

scholarly journals SCREENING OF BEST ARSENIC TOLERANT RICE VARITY FOR ECOLOGICAL SECURITY AND SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTOFRICE GROWERSIN ARSENIC AFFECTED AREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1079
Author(s):  
Kanta Bokaria ◽  
◽  
Vardan a ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

The effect of arsenic causes inhibition of seed germination decrease in plant height reduction in root growth, leaf area and photosynthesis and low grain yield.Arsenic and its compounds are known to have adverse health effects on humans, including cancers of the skin, bladder, kidney & lung, and diseases of the blood vessels of the legs and feet and diabetes. Atoms of arsenic bond with other elements forms molecules — if carbon is one of these elements, then the arsenic compound is an organic compound. The toxicity of arsenic is more in inorganic arsenicwhich is a known human carcinogen — organic and inorganic together are referred to as total arsenic. Inorganic Arsenate, Arsenate in ground water have caused tremendous epidemic poisoning across the globe. The persistence of heavy metals in the environment may pollute or contaminate soils and aqueous streams. Rice is cultivated an aerobically, rather than aerobically which leads to much greater arsenic mobilization.High soil arsenic caused by the reduction of phosphate and arsenate uptake through phosphate transporter. The goal of my work is to find method of reduction of arsenic content in rice. Rice is an important staple food for more than 3.5 billion people whodepend upon rice for more than 20 of their daily calories. It is cultivated over an area of 146 million hectares, which produces 474 million tons annually. Rice farming is the largest single use of land for food. India ranks number one globally in area 44 m ha under rice cultivation with 106 mt. production that stands next to China in total production. Our farmers are less aware in the field of use of rice variety specially arsenic tolerant. Although scientist have developed many good varieties of Rice but the information is either not reached to them or seeds are not available to the farmers so that the old variety they use may be not very nutritional, disease resistant and Arsenic tolerant.Instead of making people healthy they may be more effected by arsenic which causes dangerous diseases. Rice growers still face the challenge of meeting food and ecological security and raising standard of living of their families. To sustain even the present level of per capita availability of rice, we have to add another 70-80 million tones by 2050. This can be achieved by adopting long term strategy of crop productivity improvement,Arsenic and diseases resistant variety along with best growth management practice. I have taken this project on Quality and Quantity of Rice production for ecological security and socio economic development of Rice growers and rural people by use of correct suitable variety.

scholarly journals Tubulin recycling limits cold tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Li ◽  
Jeffrey K. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Conformational Dynamics ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Tubulin Binding ◽  
Microtubule Networks ◽  
Almost All ◽  
In Cells

AbstractAlthough cold temperatures have long been used to depolymerize microtubules, how temperature specifically affects the polymerization and depolymerization activities of tubulin proteins and how these lead to changes in microtubule networks in cells has not been established. We investigated these questions in budding yeast, an organism found in diverse environments and therefore predicted to exhibit dynamic microtubules across a broad range of temperatures. We measured the dynamics of GFP-labeled microtubules in living cells and found that lowering the temperature from 37°C to 10°C decreased the rates of both polymerization and depolymerization, decreased the amount of polymer assembled before catastrophes and decreased the frequency of microtubule emergence from nucleation sites. Lowering to 4°C caused rapid loss of almost all microtubule polymer. We provide evidence that these effects on microtubule dynamics may be explained in part by changes in the co-factor-dependent conformational dynamics of tubulin proteins. Ablation of tubulin-binding co-factors further sensitizes cells and their microtubules to low temperatures, and we highlight a specific role for TBCB/Alf1 in microtubule maintenance at low temperatures. Finally, we show that inhibiting the maturation cycle of tubulin by using a point mutant in β-tubulin confers hyper-stable microtubules at low temperatures, rescues the requirement for TBCB/Alf1, and improves the cold tolerance of the yeast. Together, these results reveal an unappreciated step in the tubulin cycle in cells and suggest that this step may be a key limiting factor in the thermal tolerance of organisms.

scholarly journals POTENSI DAN DAYA DUKUNG LESTARI TEGAKAN AREN DI DESA LANNE

PERENNIAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Dewi Indasary ◽  
Nurul Hikmah Melilani ◽  
Muhammad Ramdhan Rachmat ◽  
Suhasman Suhasman
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The People ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Almost All

Palm trees have high economic potential because almost all parties can provide financial benefits. But of all palm products, the palm sap that comes from the male flower arm as an ingredient for the production of brown sugar is the greatest economic value. However, there are some people who prefer to cut palm trees for cultural purposes instead of properly handling them to be used as brown sugar. This research aims to analyze the carrying capacity and potential of palm trees in Lanne Village. The location of this investigation was carried out in Lanne Village, Tondong Tallasa District, Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The location of the sugar palm administrators is in two villages, namely, Manjalling and Mariololo. The research method used is a qualitative research method that uses inventory, observation and interview techniques. The results obtained are that for now the people of Lanne do not comply with the capacity of sustainable cargo. The presence of sugar palm is now relatively minor. Therefore, to restore the glory of the sugar palm sugar population must be added

scholarly journals DISSOLVED SILICATE IN COASTAL WATER OF SOUTH SULAWESI

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Lukman ◽  
Andriani Nasir ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Rahmadi Tambaru ◽  
Muhammad Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Dissolved Silicate

ABSTRACT Dissolved silicate (DSi) in coastal waters plays a crucial role in phytoplankton growth particularly diatom. This study aimed to determine DSi concentration seasonally in waters of the western coast of South Sulawesi in relation to coastal water quality indicator. Water, chlorophyll-a, and diatom samples were collected from the coastal areas of the Tallo-Makassar, Maros, and Pangkep, in April 2013 (transitional season), June 2013 (dry season), and February 2014 (wet season). Factorial analysis of variance was used to identify significant seasonal and temporal variations, and linear regression was used to test the relationship of chlorophyll-a and diatom abundance to DSi concentrations. The results showed that the DSi concentration was higher in the wet season of 35.2-85.2 µM than in the other seasons (transitional season: 10.8-68.4 µM, dry season: 9.59-24.1 µM). The abundance of diatoms during the transitional season reached ~9.7x107 cell/m3 in the Pangkep river, 2.3x107 cell/m3 in the Tallo river, and 1.3 x 107 cell/m3 in the Maros river. Chaetoceros, Nitzschia, and Rhizosolenia dominated the diatom composition. The mean concentration of chlorophyll-a in the Makassar coastal waters was 4.52±4.66 mg/m3, while in the Maros and Pangkep waters of 1.40±1.06, and 2.72±1.94  mg/m3, respectively. There was no strong linear corelation between DSi and diatom abundances, nor chlorophyll-a. These results suggested that DSi become a non-limiting factor for the diatom growth and potentially reduce the water quality via eutrophication and diatom blooms. Keywords: dissolved silicate, diatom, chlorophyll-a, coastal waters, South Sulawesi

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